[kubernetes]-Helm Chart模板详述和样例

女爷i 2023-01-17 09:27 152阅读 0赞

helm create mychart
    cd mychart/templates
    rm -rf  *
    
    cat  > configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: mychart-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
    EOF
    
    cd ..
    helm install  mychart  ./
    # 或者随机名称 helm install  ./ --generate-name

获取资源的配置信息

helm  get manifest mychart

![10ddd46a2640c26699446ee86da1fc79.png][]

通过release上传 避免出现无法重复使用一个configmap的情况

cat  > configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
    EOF
    
    helm  upgrade   mychart ./

![72a6a57145629555770603075117931d.png][]

如果是用随机名称生成的会是下面这样

helm  install   ./ --generate-name
    # 查看chart-1619506963的yaml
    helm get manifest chart-1619506963

![d602a0e8740883205eb50ff23ef6edff.png][]

删除

# helm3 似乎没有--purge 
    helm  delete  chart-1619506963
    helm  list --all

![cecd129585be97214266a75b4140fcae.png][]

dry-run功能

helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./

通过修改values.yaml 引入自己的变量

cat /dev/null > values.yaml
    cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    EOF
     
    cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  .Values.favoriteDrink  }}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  --set favoriteDrink=slume ./

![26a4b7f947f676e1473fa35bed7756ff.png][]

模版中结构化数据

cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
      drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    EOF
     
    cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  .Values.favorite.drink  }}
      food: {
       {  .Values.favorite.food  }}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./

![e9a79ddf033fc470bc5b9db182e08921.png][]

如果需要livenessProbe

cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
      drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /user/login
        port: http
      initialDelaySeconds: 120
    EOF
     
    cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  .Values.favorite.drink  }}
      food: {
       {  .Values.favorite.food  }}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./
    
    # 使用exec检测的话 需要置空httpGet  不允许2种同时存在 是不合法的
    helm install --set livenessProbe.exec.command=[cat, docroot/changelog.txt] --set livenessProbe.httpGet=null  .

函数的用法

cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  quote .Values.favorite.drink  }}
      food: {
       {  quote .Values.favorite.food  }}
    EOF

发现参数上有双引号 说明函数quote(引用函数)生效了

![bef1dccdc58062cc8d2ba9ba468aa4a7.png][]

通过管道传递函数

管道可串联多个函数

![42f8602cc3de4ebb537486b6d4925325.png][]

给drink 定义一个默认的值

cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  .Values.favorite.drink | default "tea" | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .Values.favorite.food | upper | quote  }}
    EOF
    
    cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
    #  drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    
    EOF

![ebbe0bffba2743a7708e4f8645e579ff.png][]

![20074c5a237a5b17af61f68ad2428254.png][]

运算符函数

# 不运行
    cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  .Values.favorite.drink | default (printf "%s-tea" .Release.Name) | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .Values.favorite.food | upper | quote  }}
    
    {
       { if and .Values.foo (eq .Values.foo "foo") }}
    EOF

模版中的if else语句

cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      drink: {
       {  .Values.favorite.drink | default (printf "%s-tea" .Release.Name) | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .Values.favorite.food | upper | quote  }}
    
    # 先判断drink存不存在 if and .Values.favorite.drink ;  再判断favorite是不是coffee  eq .Values.favorite.drink "coffee"
      #{
       {  if and .Values.favorite.drink (eq .Values.favorite.drink "coffee") }}mug: true{
       { end }}
      #上面这行分开写如下  {
       {- }}用于删除空行 避免语句换行
      {
       {- if and .Values.favorite.drink (eq .Values.favorite.drink "coffee") }}
      mug: true
      {
       {- end }}
    
    EOF
    cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
      drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    
    EOF

![5c1394e8a21ff74a499c60616345609b.png][]

使用with语句控制作用域位置

cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      {
       {- end }}
      release: {
       { .Release.Name }}
    
    
    EOF
    cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
      drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    
    EOF

range循环

cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      {
       {- end }}
      release: {
       { .Release.Name }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        - {
       { . | title | quote }}
        {
       {- end }}
    
    
    EOF
    cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
      drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    pizzaToppings:
      - mushrooms
      - cheese
      - peppers
    EOF

![c93ffa981759db3f8a7c8be4bde5c751.png][]

渲染元组

cat  > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      {
       {- end }}
      release: {
       { .Release.Name }}
      sizes: |-
        {
       {- range tuple "small" "medium"  "large"}}
        - {
       { . }}
        {
       {- end }}
    
    EOF
    cat > values.yaml <<EOF
    favoriteDrink: coffee
    favorite:
      drink: coffee
      food: pizza
    pizzaToppings:
      - mushrooms
      - cheese
      - peppers
    EOF

![3fa426718ee57479c32df69596552e79.png][]

变量的使用

![9f81d7f2ce704d4459fbdaabde567ec5.png][]

循环中使用变量

cat > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- \$relname := .Release.Name }}
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      release: {
       { \$relname }}
      {
       {- end }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range \$index, \$topping := .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        {
       { \$index }}: {
       { \$topping }}
        {
       {- end }}
    EOF

![7a8809bef555d3ba59467c681ff34724.png][]

遍历字典

![9492a41fad71ea6354da2ae98ce5470a.png][]

变量的其他用法

cat > templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      release: {
       { $.Release.Name }}
      {
       {- end }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range $index, $topping := .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        {
       { $index }}: {
       { $topping }}
        {
       {- end }}
      {
       {- range $key, $val := .Values.favorite }}
      {
       { $key }}: {
       { $val | quote }}
      {
       {- end }}
    EOF

在文件中命名模版并使用

cat > templates/_helpers.tpl <<EOF
    {
       {- define "mychart.labels" }}
      labels:
        generator: helm
        date: {
       { now | htmlDate }}
    {
       {- end }}
    EOF
    
    cat >  templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    # 引用模版
      {
       {- template "mychart.labels" }}
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      release: {
       { \$.Release.Name }}
      {
       {- end }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range \$index, \$topping := .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        {
       { \$index }}: {
       { \$topping }}
        {
       {- end }}
      {
       {- range \$key, \$val := .Values.favorite }}
      {
       { \$key }}: {
       { \$val | quote }}
      {
       {- end }}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./

![f3c2c3438d908e3e6cc7c5520eaac720.png][]

cat > templates/_helpers.tpl <<EOF
    {
       {- define "mychart.labels" }}
      labels:
        generator: helm
        date: {
       { now | htmlDate }}
        chart: {
       { .Chart.Name }}
        version: {
       { .Chart.Version }}
    {
       {- end }}
    EOF
    
    cat >  templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    # 引用模版 并传入最顶级的作用域
      {
       {- template "mychart.labels" .  }}
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      release: {
       { \$.Release.Name }}
      {
       {- end }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range \$index, \$topping := .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        {
       { \$index }}: {
       { \$topping }}
        {
       {- end }}
      {
       {- range \$key, \$val := .Values.favorite }}
      {
       { \$key }}: {
       { \$val | quote }}
      {
       {- end }}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./

![c687f62865c1bff84eacf8400c6a1f99.png][]

关于如何公用标签mychart.app

这里我用helm3测试出问题了 报错at <.Release.Time.Seconds>: nil pointer evaluating interface \{\}.Seconds 等后续再验证

cat > templates/_helpers.tpl <<EOF
    {
       {- define "mychart.labels" }}
      labels:
        generator: helm
        date: {
       { now | htmlDate }}
        chart: {
       { .Chart.Name }}
        version: {
       { .Chart.Version }}
    {
       {- end }}
    {
       {- define "mychart.app" -}}
    app_name: {
       { .Chart.Name }}
    app_version: "{
       { .Chart.Version }}+{
       { .Release.Time.Seconds }}"
    {
       {- end -}}
    EOF
    
    cat >  templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    # 引用模版 
      labels:
      {
       { include "mychart.app" . | indent 4 }}
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      release: {
       { \$.Release.Name }}
      {
       {- end }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range \$index, \$topping := .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        {
       { \$index }}: {
       { \$topping }}
        {
       {- end }}
      {
       {- range \$key, \$val := .Values.favorite }}
      {
       { \$key }}: {
       { \$val | quote }}
      {
       {- end }}
      # 引用模版   
      {
       { include "mychart.app" . | indent 2 }}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./

在模版中读取文件

cat > config1.toml <<EOF
    message = "hello from config1"
    EOF
    
    cat > config2.toml <<EOF
    message = "hello from config2"
    EOF
    
    
    
    cat > templates/_helpers.tpl <<EOF
    {
       {- define "mychart.labels" }}
      labels:
        generator: helm
        date: {
       { now | htmlDate }}
        chart: {
       { .Chart.Name }}
        version: {
       { .Chart.Version }}
    {
       {- end }}
    {
       {- define "mychart.app" -}}
    app_name: {
       { .Chart.Name }}
    app_version: "{
       { .Chart.Version }}+{
       { .Release.Time.Seconds }}"
    {
       {- end -}}
    EOF
    
    cat >  templates/configmap.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: {
       {  .Release.Name  }}-configmap
    # 引用模版 
      labels:
      {
       { include "mychart.app" . | indent 4 }}
    data:
      mychart: "Hello world"
      {
       {- with .Values.favorite }}
      drink: {
       {  .drink | quote  }}
      food: {
       {  .food | upper | quote  }}
      release: {
       { \$.Release.Name }}
      {
       {- end }}
      toppings: |-
        {
       {- range \$index, \$topping := .Values.pizzaToppings }}
        {
       { \$index }}: {
       { \$topping }}
        {
       {- end }}
      {
       {- range \$key, \$val := .Values.favorite }}
      {
       { \$key }}: {
       { \$val | quote }}
      {
       {- end }}
      # 引用模版   
      {
       { include "mychart.app" . | indent 2 }}
        {
       {- \$files := .Files }}
        {
       {- range tuple "config1.toml" "config2.toml" }}
        {
       { . }}: |-
          {
       { \$files.Get . }}
        {
       {- end}}
    EOF
    
    helm install --dry-run --debug --generate-name  ./

放个教程里成功的图

![c2f56d74a9478d0b7e6a40553218a8c8.png][]

子模版 未做笔记

[10ddd46a2640c26699446ee86da1fc79.png]: /images/20221021/ee54576506f34bd2b48c879a8fb9c9bd.png
[72a6a57145629555770603075117931d.png]: /images/20221021/51fd07aa6be246cb83c6e37e9084b806.png
[d602a0e8740883205eb50ff23ef6edff.png]: /images/20221021/da0c8fe81f434423a682e6a48d65861a.png
[cecd129585be97214266a75b4140fcae.png]: /images/20221021/7a77cd3ae48c44fbbce2dccc0374ed68.png
[26a4b7f947f676e1473fa35bed7756ff.png]: /images/20221021/92d5b2c3c2d441afa47b567029ae6c68.png
[e9a79ddf033fc470bc5b9db182e08921.png]: /images/20221021/7828c7a7ebdc486e8bf0f50bfa22db4a.png
[bef1dccdc58062cc8d2ba9ba468aa4a7.png]: /images/20221021/1fdc1589ab0f4702b945f4180c42675d.png
[42f8602cc3de4ebb537486b6d4925325.png]: /images/20221021/d4a0e64189b742d8a5d3100ae8641dbd.png
[ebbe0bffba2743a7708e4f8645e579ff.png]: /images/20221021/97918a61c97a4cc6aee9d3b97c072f44.png
[20074c5a237a5b17af61f68ad2428254.png]: /images/20221021/742f3eeaff0e4e5fa008e8fe2938678b.png
[5c1394e8a21ff74a499c60616345609b.png]: /images/20221021/ffff10a796db4852a68462a97f3c82a8.png
[c93ffa981759db3f8a7c8be4bde5c751.png]: /images/20221021/826fb0aaeff349fd9fc0bc82e29fd746.png
[3fa426718ee57479c32df69596552e79.png]: /images/20221021/aa1dbf11ba6b4406b1d5520435380d90.png
[9f81d7f2ce704d4459fbdaabde567ec5.png]: /images/20221021/9a9c37e86fa148a0852e97d462d5e74e.png
[7a8809bef555d3ba59467c681ff34724.png]: /images/20221021/ba4f5024271f4a509825d351a6407f4b.png
[9492a41fad71ea6354da2ae98ce5470a.png]: /images/20221021/4f2be7cf987442daa92f8dc093a138b9.png
[f3c2c3438d908e3e6cc7c5520eaac720.png]: /images/20221021/22e615a340b44e7c87d5876ea9b9643b.png
[c687f62865c1bff84eacf8400c6a1f99.png]: /images/20221021/fbaf70491f8942c09dbf473cfd43ae41.png
[c2f56d74a9478d0b7e6a40553218a8c8.png]: /images/20221021/c7954fb6b68b4b0e84042841ed91d393.png