Python生成multipart请求数据

怼烎@ 2023-01-07 03:58 103阅读 0赞

# 问题 #

最近产品中有个接口就是需要在请求中包含json和图片信息，也就是multipart/form形式的请求数据，但是在Python中如何生成这种请求数据呢？

本来构思的将不同段的数据全部取出，自己手动拼装，然后加入自定义头；可以仔细思考了一下，觉得自己造轮子肯定是重复的，Python应该有自带方法的；

# 结果 #

使用了requests库中的post方法的files参数，改参数支持元组形式，检测到改参数为元组自动将请求改为多段请求，每段请求中也支持用户自定义头部数据；  
其中files参数的格式如下:

file = {'name': ('filename', data, 'content_type', headers)}

其中name、filename、content\_type为String类型，data为二进制数据，heads为元组，包含你需要添加的头；

具体请求代码如下：

import requests, json, os
    from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth
    
    http_usr = "admin"
    http_pwd = "admin"
    
    add_face='''{ "faceLibType": "blackFD", "FDID": "1", "FPID": "8888", "name": "test", "bornTime": "2000-01-01" }'''
    face_pic_path="./test_face.jpg"
    
    face_mach_host = "http://192.168.8.20:80"
    add_face_uri = "/FaceDataRecord"
    
    fsize = os.path.getsize(face_pic_path)
    head1={ 'Content-Length': len(add_face)}
    head2={ 'Content-Length': fsize}
    
    file = { 'FaceDataRecord': (None, add_face, 'application/json', head1), 'FaceImage': (None, open('test_face.jpg', 'rb'), 'image/jpeg', head2)}
    target_url = face_mach_host + add_face_uri #需要多段数据的url
    
    r = requests.post(target_url, files=file, auth = HTTPDigestAuth(http_usr, http_pwd))
    print(r.text)

# 参考文章： #

1.  [How to send a “multipart/form-data” with requests in python?][How to send a _multipart_form-data_ with requests in python]
2.  [POST a Multipart-Encoded File][]
3.  [Constructing multipart MIME messages for sending emails in Python][]

[How to send a _multipart_form-data_ with requests in python]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12385179/how-to-send-a-multipart-form-data-with-requests-in-python
[POST a Multipart-Encoded File]: https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#post-a-multipart-encoded-file
[Constructing multipart MIME messages for sending emails in Python]: https://www.anomaly.net.au/blog/constructing-multipart-mime-messages-for-sending-emails-in-python/