term,match,match_phrase,query_string,simple_query_string的区别

小咪咪 2023-01-01 02:52 192阅读 0赞

# term,match,match\_phrase,query\_string,simple\_query\_string区别 #

## 数据准备 ##

设置mapping：

PUT /book
    { 
      "mappings": { 
        "properties": { 
          "title": { 
            "type": "keyword"
          },
          "content": { 
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }

插入两条数据：

POST /book/_doc/1
    { 
      "title":"three kingdoms",
      "content":"the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
    }
    
    POST /book/_doc/2
    { 
      "title":"journey to the west",
      "content":"awakened to emptiness"
    }

查看\_mapping:

GET /book/_mapping
    
    { 
      "book" : { 
        "mappings" : { 
          "properties" : { 
            "content" : { 
              "type" : "text"
            },
            "title" : { 
              "type" : "keyword"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

查看两条document分词结果：

POST /book/_analyze
    { 
      "field": "title",
      "text": "three kingdoms"
    }

\_analyze结果： 可见 **title 是没有被分词的**

{ 
      "tokens" : [
        { 
          "token" : "three kingdoms",
          "start_offset" : 0,
          "end_offset" : 14,
          "type" : "word",
          "position" : 0
        }
      ]
    }

POST /book/_analyze
    { 
      "field": "content",
      "text": "awakened to emptiness"
    }

\_analyze结果： **text会被分词**

{ 
      "tokens" : [
        { 
          "token" : "awakened",
          "start_offset" : 0,
          "end_offset" : 8,
          "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position" : 0
        },
        { 
          "token" : "to",
          "start_offset" : 9,
          "end_offset" : 11,
          "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position" : 1
        },
        { 
          "token" : "emptiness",
          "start_offset" : 12,
          "end_offset" : 21,
          "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
          "position" : 2
        }
      ]
    }

## term ##

### term查询keyword ###

#### term是将传入的文本原封不动地（不分词）拿去查询，keyword字段不分词，需要完全匹配才可查处结果 ####

查询一：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "term": { 
          "title": "kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果:
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 0,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : null,
        "hits" : [ ]
      }
    }

查询二：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "term": { 
          "title": "three kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果:
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.6931471,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 0.6931471,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

### term查询text ###

#### term不会分词，而text会分词，所以term必须是text字段分词后的其中一个才可以查处结果(查询一)，否则不行(查询二) ####

查询一：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "term": { 
          "content": "three"
        }
      }
    }
    结果:
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.55654144,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 0.55654144,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

查询二

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "term": { 
          "content": "three kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 0,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : null,
        "hits" : [ ]
      }
    }

## match ##

### match查询keyword ###

#### match会将查询条件分词，而keyword不会分词(可以当成一个整体),查询条件和keyword一致才可以查处结果 ####

查询一:

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "match": { 
          "title": "three kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.6931471,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 0.6931471,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

查询二:

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "match": { 
          "title": "kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 0,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : null,
        "hits" : [ ]
      }
    }

### match查询text ###

#### match查询text是最为宽松的，两者都分词，相当于拿着两串字符串对比(打个比方) ####

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "match": { 
          "content": "three kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 1.1130829,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 1.1130829,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

## match\_phrase ##

### match\_phrase查询keyword ###

#### match\_phrase也是会分词的,那么只能是用match\_phrase去满足keyword,因为后者不分词,所以match\_phrase 必须和keyword一致才会有返回 ####

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "match_phrase": { 
          "title": "three kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.6931471,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 0.6931471,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

### match\_phrase查询text ###

#### 两者会分词，match\_phrase条件更为严苛,需要保证match\_phrase的分词结果必须在text字段分词中都包含，而且顺序必须相同，而且必须都是连续的 ####

NOTE :

Like the match query, the match\_phrase query first analyzes the query string to produce a list of terms. It then searches for all the terms, but keeps only documents that contain all of the search terms, in the same positions relative to each other.

总结下，这段话的3个要点：

*  match\_phrase还是分词后去搜的
 *  目标文档需要包含分词后的所有词
 *  目标文档还要保持这些词的相对顺序和文档中的一致  
    只有当这三个条件满足，才会命中文档！

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "match_phrase": { 
          "content": "kingdoms three"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 8,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 0,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : null,
        "hits" : [ ]
      }
    }

查询 ：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "match_phrase": { 
          "content": "three kingdoms "
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.55654144,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 0.55654144,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

## query\_string ##

### query\_string查询keyword ###

#### 不指定的话，query\_string是在所有字段（\_all）中搜索，范围更广泛。对于不分词字段做Query string 查询，查询串是不会分词的。 ####

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "query_string": { 
          "default_field": "title",
          "query": "three kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.6931471,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 0.6931471,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

查询：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "query_string": { 
          "default_field": "title",
          "query": "kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 0,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : null,
        "hits" : [ ]
      }
    }

### query\_string查询text ###

#### 对于分词的字段进行query\_string，条件非常宽松，查询串甚至可以调换顺序 ####

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "query_string": { 
          "default_field": "content",
          "query": "kingdoms three"
        }
      }
    }
    结果：
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 1.1130829,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 1.1130829,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

## simple\_query\_string ##

### simple\_query\_string是query\_string的另一种版本，其更适合为用户提供一个搜索框中，因为其使用+/|/- 分别替换AND/OR/NOT，如果用输入了错误的查询，其直接忽略这种情况而不是抛出异常，（simple\_query\_string不支持AND OR NOT ，query\_string也支持±等写法（如查询二）） ###

增加一条数据：

POST /book/_doc/3
    { 
      "title":"four kingdoms ",
      "content":"xixixixi"
    }

query\_string：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "query_string": { 
          "query": "period AND kingdoms AND "
        }
      }
    }
    结果：报错
    { 
      "error" : { 
        "root_cause" : [
          { 
            "type" : "query_shard_exception",
            "reason" : "Failed to parse query [period AND kingdoms AND ]",
            "index_uuid" : "ZMWrkkbtRbKfAlJrz8G5nA",
            "index" : "book"
          }
        ],
        "type" : "search_phase_execution_exception",
        "reason" : "all shards failed",
        "phase" : "query",
        "grouped" : true,
        "failed_shards" : [
          { 
            "shard" : 0,
            "index" : "book",
            "node" : "ics3XBHSTme-yCdJi6jR4Q",
            "reason" : { 
              "type" : "query_shard_exception",
              "reason" : "Failed to parse query [period AND kingdoms AND ]",
              "index_uuid" : "ZMWrkkbtRbKfAlJrz8G5nA",
              "index" : "book",
              "caused_by" : { 
                "type" : "parse_exception",
                "reason" : "Cannot parse 'period AND kingdoms AND ': Encountered \"<EOF>\" at line 1, column 24.\r\nWas expecting one of:\r\n <NOT> ...\r\n \"+\" ...\r\n \"-\" ...\r\n <BAREOPER> ...\r\n \"(\" ...\r\n \"*\" ...\r\n <QUOTED> ...\r\n <TERM> ...\r\n <PREFIXTERM> ...\r\n <WILDTERM> ...\r\n <REGEXPTERM> ...\r\n \"[\" ...\r\n \"{\" ...\r\n <NUMBER> ...\r\n <TERM> ...\r\n \"*\" ...\r\n ",
                "caused_by" : { 
                  "type" : "parse_exception",
                  "reason" : "Encountered \"<EOF>\" at line 1, column 24.\r\nWas expecting one of:\r\n <NOT> ...\r\n \"+\" ...\r\n \"-\" ...\r\n <BAREOPER> ...\r\n \"(\" ...\r\n \"*\" ...\r\n <QUOTED> ...\r\n <TERM> ...\r\n <PREFIXTERM> ...\r\n <WILDTERM> ...\r\n <REGEXPTERM> ...\r\n \"[\" ...\r\n \"{\" ...\r\n <NUMBER> ...\r\n <TERM> ...\r\n \"*\" ...\r\n "
                }
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "status" : 400
    }

simple\_query\_string:

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "simple_query_string": { 
          "query": "started+kingdoms+-N"
          , "fields": ["content"]
        }
      }
    }
    结果:不会报错
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 1,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 2.2979393,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1",
            "_score" : 2.2979393,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "three kingdoms",
              "content" : "the three kingdoms period started with the end of the Han dynasty"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

查询二：

GET /book/_search
    { 
      "query": { 
        "query_string": { 
          "query": "-period+kingdoms"
        }
      }
    }
    结果:
    { 
      "took" : 0,
      "timed_out" : false,
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 1,
        "successful" : 1,
        "skipped" : 0,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "hits" : { 
        "total" : { 
          "value" : 2,
          "relation" : "eq"
        },
        "max_score" : 0.0,
        "hits" : [
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "2",
            "_score" : 0.0,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "journey to the west",
              "content" : "awakened to emptiness"
            }
          },
          { 
            "_index" : "book",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "3",
            "_score" : 0.0,
            "_source" : { 
              "title" : "four kingdoms ",
              "content" : "xixixixi"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }