Python3️⃣：0小白小进阶之——类和对象

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-12-30 15:52 112阅读 0赞

[Python4️⃣：0小白小进阶之——小案列][Python4_0]

[Python3️⃣：0小白小进阶之——类和对象][Python3_0]

[Python2️⃣：0小白小进阶之——函数][Python2_0]

[Python1️⃣：0小白小进阶之——数字&字符串][Python1_0]

1、用`callable` 检查对象是否可调用

print(callable(str))
    class Student():
        def __init__(self,id,name):
            self.id = id
            self.name = name
            
        def __repr__(self):
            return 'id = '+self.id + ', name = ' +self.name
        
    #     def __call__(self):
    #         print('I can be called') 
    #         print(f'my name is {self.name}')
            
    t = Student('001','xiaoming')
    print(callable(t)) # 注释掉 __call__ 会显示Flase
    # t()

**2、`ascii` 展示对象**  
调用对象的 **repr** 方法，获得该方法的返回值，如下例子返回值为字符串.

xiaoming = Student(id='1',name='xiaoming')
    print(xiaoming)
    print(ascii(xiaoming))
    
    # 3、动态删除属性
    print(hasattr(xiaoming,'id'))
    print(delattr(xiaoming,'id'))
    
    # 4、动态获取对象属性
    print(getattr(xiaoming,'name'))
    # 获取xiaoming这个实例的name属性值
    
    # 5、对象是否有这个属性
    print(hasattr(xiaoming,'name'))
    print(hasattr(xiaoming,'address'))
    
    # 6、对象门牌号, 返回对象的内存地址
    print(id(xiaoming))
    
    # 7、查看对象类型
    print(type(xiaoming))

**8、一键查看对象所有方法**  
不带 **参数** 时返回当前范围内的变量、方法和定义的类型列表；带参数时返回 **参数** 的属性，方法列表。  
`print(dir(xiaoming))`

**9、判断是否是子父类的关系**

class undergraduate(Student):
        def studyClass(self): 
            pass
        
    print(issubclass(undergraduate,Student)) # (子,父) True
    print(issubclass(object,Student))    # (父,子) False
    print(issubclass(Student,object))
    # 注意：object 是所有类的基类

[Python4_0]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44775255/article/details/112002696
[Python3_0]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44775255/article/details/111768021
[Python2_0]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44775255/article/details/111730671
[Python1_0]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44775255/article/details/111717773