Java IO流开荒

╰半橙微兮° 2022-12-29 12:53 18阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1 File类的使用
 *   *  1.2 常用方法
 *  2 IO流原理及流的分类
 *   *  2.1 流的分类
 *  3 节点流(或文件流)
 *   *  3.1 读数据
     *   *  3.1.1 fileReader
         *  3.1.2 对read()升级
     *  3.2 写数据
     *  3.3 读入写出文件
     *  3.4 图片的写入写出
 *  4 缓冲流
 *  5 转换流(装换流)
 *   *  5.2 字符集
 *  6 标准输入、输出流
 *  7 打印流
 *  8 数据流
 *  9 对象流
 *   *  9.1 序列化的理解
     *  9.2 使用对象流序列化对象
     *  9.3 对象可序列化
 *  10 随机存取文件流
 *  11 NIO2中Path、Paths File类的使用
 *   *  11.1 NIO
     *  11.2 Path Paths Files 核心API
     *   *  commons.io

# 1 File类的使用 #

*  Java.io.File：文件&文件路径的抽象形式，与平台无关
 *  File能创建、删除、重命名文件和目录，但是File不能访问文件内容本身，需要用到IO流
 *  想要在Java程序中表示一个真实存在的文件或目录，必须有一个FIle对象，但是一个java对象不一定真实存在一个文件
 *  File对象可以作为参数传递给contractor

**File构造器**  
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//构造器1
            File file1 = new File("./data/hello.txt");
            File file2 = new File("D:\\workplace\\JavaTrain\\JavaSenior\\src\\main\\java\\JavaSenior\\d09\\data\\hello.txt");
    
            System.out.println(file1);
            System.out.println(file2);
    
            //构造器2
            File file3 = new File("D:\\workplace\\JavaTrain\\JavaSenior\\src\\main\\java\\JavaSenior\\", "data");
            System.out.println(file3);
    
            //构造器3
            File file4 = new File(file3, "hello.txt");
            System.out.println(file4);

*  路径中每级目录之间用一个路径分隔符隔开
 *  路径分隔符与系统有关
    
     *  windows DOS 用”\\“来分隔
     *  Unix URL 用”/“来分隔
 *  java程序支持跨平台性，因此路径分隔符要慎重
 *  为解决这个隐患 File类提供一个常量：

public static final String sqparator //根据操作系统，动态提供分隔符

![在这里插入图片描述][20201223120236380.png]

## 1.2 常用方法 ##

@Test
        public void test3() throws IOException {
        
            File file = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/test");//Test中相对于当前Modul，Mian相对于工程
            if(!file.exists()){
        
                System.out.println(file.createNewFile());
                file.mkdir();
            }
            System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
    
            File file2 = new File(file, "file2");
    
            File file3 = new File(file, "file2/file3");
    
            File file4 = new File(file, "file3/test.txt");
    
            if(!file4.exists()){
        
                file4.createNewFile();//createNewFile 为创建文件所用
            }
    
        }
    }

# 2 IO流原理及流的分类 #

## 2.1 流的分类 ##

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# 3 节点流(或文件流) #

## 3.1 读数据 ##

### 3.1.1 fileReader ###

直接作用在文件之上的流  
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* **********流的体系结构
    * 抽象基类                  节点流(文件流)                缓冲流(处理流的一种)
    * InputStream              FileInputStream             BufferedInputStream
    * OutputStream             FileOutPutStream            BufferedOutputStream
    * Reader                   FileReader                  BufferReader
    * Writer                   FileWriter                  BufferWriter

/*
        * 将hello.txt 内容输出到控制台(内存)
        * */
        @Test
        public void testFileReader() throws IOException {
        
            //TODO 1 实例化对象 指明操作的文件
            File file = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello.txt");//相较于当前modle
            //TODO 2 提供具体的流
            FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);
            //TODO 3 数据的读入过程
            int read = fileReader.read();//read()返回读入的一个字符。文件末尾-1
            while (read != -1){
        
                System.out.print((char)read);
                read = fileReader.read();
            }
    
            //方式2
            int read;
            while ((read = fileReader.read()) != -1){
        
                System.out.println((char) read);
            }
            //TODO 4 流的关闭操作
            fileReader.close();
    
        }

### 3.1.2 对read()升级 ###

//对read()升级，使用read的重载方法
        @Test
        public void testFileReader1() throws IOException {
        
            FileReader fr = null;
            try {
        
                //TODO 1 File类的实例化
                File file = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello.txt");//相较于当前modle
                //TODO 2 FileReader流的实例化
                fr = new FileReader(file);
                //TODO 3 读入的操作
                //read(char[] cbub):返回每次读入到cbuf数组中的字符个数
                char[] cbuf = new char[5];
                int len;
                while((len = fr.read(cbuf)) !=-1 ){
        
                    //错误写法
    //                for(int i = 0; i < cbuf.length ; i++){
        
    //                    System.out.println(cbuf[i]);
    //                }
    //                //正确写法：
    //                for(int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++){
        
    //                    System.out.println(cbuf[i]);
    //                }
    
                    //方式二：
                    //错误
    //                String s = new String(cbuf);
    //                System.out.println(s);
                    
                    //正确
                    String s = new String(cbuf,0,len);
                    System.out.println(s);
                    
    
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
        
                //TODO 4 资源的关闭
                fr.close();
            }

## 3.2 写数据 ##

@Test
        public void testWriter() throws IOException {
        
            //TODO 1 提供File类的对象，指明写出到的文件
            File file = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/Writer2.txt");
    
            //TODO 2 提供一个FileWriter对象，用于写出
            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file,true);//false会覆盖原文件
    
            //TODO 3 写出的操作
            fileWriter.write("I have a dream!\n");
            fileWriter.write("U have a dream!");
    
            //TODO 4 流资源的关闭
            fileWriter.close();

## 3.3 读入写出文件 ##

@Test
        public void testRW() throws IOException {
        
            //TODO 1 创建File类的对象，读入和写出文件
            File srcFile = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/Writer2.txt");
            File destFile = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/Writer3.txt");
    
    
            //TODO 2 创建输入流 和 输出流的对象
            FileReader fr = new FileReader(srcFile);
            FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(destFile);
    
            //TODO 3 数据读入和写出操作
            try {
        
                char[] cbuf = new char[5];
                int len;//记录每次读入到cbuf数组中的字符的个数
                while ((len = fr.read(cbuf)) != -1){
        
                    fw.write(cbuf,0,len);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
        
                //TODO 4 关闭资源
                fw.close();
                fr.close();
            }

## 3.4 图片的写入写出 ##

@Test
        public void photoRW() throws IOException {
        
            //todo 1 文件对象
            File srcFile = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/LOL.PNG");
            File destFile = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/PHOTO2.PNG");
            FileInputStream is = null;
            FileOutputStream os = null;
    
            try {
        
                //todo 2 创建字节流
                is = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
                os = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
    
                //todo 3 写入写出
                byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while (-1 != (len = is.read(buf))){
        
                    os.write(buf,0,len);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
        
                //todo 4 关闭资源
                is.close();
                os.close();
            }

# 4 缓冲流 #

提高数据读取速度，Java提供了带换成功能的流，会创建一个内部缓冲区数组，缺省8192个字节(8kb)缓冲区

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@Test
        public void BufferedStreamTest() throws IOException {
        
            //TODO 1 文件
            File srcFile = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello.txt");
            File descFile = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello22.txt");
    
            //TODO 2 节点流
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream((srcFile));
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream((descFile));
            // todo 2.2 缓冲流
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
    
            //TODO 3 复制的细节：读取、写入
            byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
            int len;
            while (-1 != (len = bis.read(buffer))){
        
                bos.write(buffer,0,len);
                bos.flush();//不满的话也写出去
            }
    
            //TODO 4 资源关闭
            bos.close();
            bis.close();
            //外层关闭之后，内层也会直接关闭
    //        fileOutputStream.close();
    //        fileInputStream.close();

# 5 转换流(装换流) #

字节流 & 字符流之间的转换

*  InputStreamReader:将InputStream转换为Reader
 *  OutputStreamWriter：将Writer转换为OutputStream

字节流中的数据都是字符时，转换成字符流更加高效  
转换流尝试解决乱码问题，实现编码&解码功能

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTM4MTgzMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
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@Test
        public void test() throws IOException {
        
            File file = new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello.txt");
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            //参数2指明字符集，
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"UTF-8");//使用系统默认的字符集
    
            char[] chars = new char[1024];
            int len;
            while (-1 != (len = isr.read(chars))){
        
                String s = new String(chars, 0, len);
                System.out.println(s);
            }
            isr.close();

## 5.2 字符集 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTM4MTgzMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
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# 6 标准输入、输出流 #

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# 7 打印流 #

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PrintStream ps = null;
    try {
        
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\IO\\text.txt"));
    // 创建打印输出流,设置为自动刷新模式(写入换行符或字节 '\n' 时都会刷新输出缓冲区)
    ps = new PrintStream(fos, true);
    if (ps != null) {
        // 把标准输出流(控制台输出)改成文件
    System.setOut(ps);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
         // 输出ASCII字符
    System.out.print((char) i);
    if (i % 50 == 0) {
         // 每50个数据一行
    System.out.println(); // 换行
    }
    }
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        
    if (ps != null) {
        
    ps.close();
    }
    }

# 8 数据流 #

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# 9 对象流 #

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## 9.1 序列化的理解 ##

*  对象序列化机制：把内存中的java对象----- 序列化 --> 二进制流 ，从而允许这种二进制流保存在磁盘上，或传输到另外网络节点 ，其他节点 ------反序列化-------> Java对象
 *  序列化可以将任何实现了Serializable接口的对象---------->字节数据，
 *  序列化是RMI(Remote Method Invoke) 过程参数&返回值都必须有的机制，序列化 --> RMI —> JavaEE
 *  对象可序列化 —> 对象的类 对象的属性 都可序列化 。 类序列化 —> Serializable Externalizable 接口

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## 9.2 使用对象流序列化对象 ##

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/*
        * 序列化过程：内存对象存储到磁盘
        * ObjectOutputStream使用
        * */
        @Test
        public void testObjectOutputStream() throws IOException {
        
            ObjectOutputStream oops = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.txt"));
    
            oops.writeObject(new String("hello world"));
    
            oops.flush();
            oops.close();
        }
    
    
        /*
        反序列化：从文件中的数据还原为内存中的对象
        * */
        @Test
        public void testObjectInputStream() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.txt"));
    
            Object o = ois.readObject();
            String str = (String) o;
            System.out.println(str);
    
            ois.close();
    
        }

## 9.3 对象可序列化 ##

1 . 需要实现Serializable接口  
2 . 需要当前类提供一个全局常量serialVersionUID

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ObjectOutputStream和ObjectInputStream不能序列化static和transient修  
饰的成员变量

# 10 随机存取文件流 #

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/*
    直接继承与Object ，实现了DataInput 、DataOutput接口
    * 2.姐可以作为一个输入流，又可以作为一个输出流
    
      3. 如果Random文件已经存在，从头覆盖
    * */
    public class RandomAccessFileTest {
        
    
        @Test
        public void test1() throws IOException {
        
            RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile1 = new RandomAccessFile(new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello.txt"),"r");
            RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile2 = new RandomAccessFile(new File("src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/helloR.txt"),"rw");
    
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = randomAccessFile1.read(bytes)) != -1 ){
        
                randomAccessFile2.write(bytes,0,len);
            }
    
            randomAccessFile1.close();
            randomAccessFile2.close();
    
        }
    
    }

# 11 NIO2中Path、Paths File类的使用 #

## 11.1 NIO ##

New IO, Non-Blocking IO从Java1.4开始引入的一套新的IO API，可以替代标准版的Java IO API  
NIO将以更加高效的方式进行文件的读写操作 ，NIO支持面向缓冲区，IO支持面向流的

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 随着 JDK 7 的发布，Java对NIO进行了极大的扩展，增强了对  
文件处理和文件系统特性的支持，以至于我们称他们为 NIO.2。  
因为 NIO 提供的一些功能，NIO已经成为文件处理中越来越重要  
的部分。

## 11.2 Path Paths Files 核心API ##

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### commons.io ###

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public class FileUtilsTest {
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        
            File file1 = new File("JavaSenior/src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/hello.txt");
            File file2 = new File("JavaSenior/src/main/java/JavaSenior/d09/data/commonsIO.txt");
            FileUtils.copyFile(file1,file2);

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