4.6 计算机网络之网络层IP组播（IGMP、组播路由选择协议、组播地址）

系统管理员 2022-12-29 06:48 240阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  [0.思维导图][0.]
     *  [1.IP数据报的三种传输方式][1.IP]
     *  [2.IP组播地址][2.IP]
     *  [3.IGMP协议与组播路由选择协议][3.IGMP]
     *   *  [（1）网际组管理协议---IGMP][1_---IGMP]
         *  [（2）IGMP工作的两个阶段][2_IGMP]
         *  [（3）组播路由选择协议][3]
         *  [（4）组播路由选择选择协议常用的三种路由算法][4]

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## 0.思维导图 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 1.IP数据报的三种传输方式 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

*  以用户看视频为例，进一步了解单播、广播和多播三种传输方式
 *  为了能够支持像视频点播和视频会议这样的多媒体应用，网络必须实施某种有效的组播机制。
 *  使用多个单播传送来仿真组播总是可能的，但这会引起主机上大量的处理开销和网络上太多的交通量。
 *  `人们所需要的组播机制是让源计算机一次发送的单个分组可以抵达用一个组地址标识的若干目标主机，并被它们正确接收`。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

## 2.IP组播地址 ##

*  上文我们已经知道了`多播`，那么如何才能发给同一组主机相同的数据呢？这就需要了解一下IP组播地址，他就是干这个的。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

## 3.IGMP协议与组播路由选择协议 ##

### （1）网际组管理协议—IGMP ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

### （2）IGMP工作的两个阶段 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

### （3）组播路由选择协议 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

### （4）组播路由选择选择协议常用的三种路由算法 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkxNDYwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

[0.]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#0_2
[1.IP]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#1IP_4
[2.IP]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#2IP_12
[3.IGMP]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#3IGMP_15
[1_---IGMP]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#1IGMP_16
[2_IGMP]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#2IGMP_18
[3]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#3_20
[4]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43914604/article/details/105318560#4_23
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