k8s教程

迈不过友情╰ 2022-12-29 04:58 134阅读 0赞

# 01-1-二进制方式安装 #

## 1. 实验环境 ##

![image][]

![image][image 1]

![image][image 2]

## 2. 安装前准备 ##

### 2.1. 环境准备 ###

**所有机器**都需要执行

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# setenforce 0
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# sed -ir '/^SELINUX=/s/=.+/=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# yum install -y epel-release
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# yum install -y wget net-tools telnet tree nmap sysstat lrzsz dos2unix bind-utils vim less

### 2.2. bind安装 ###

2.2.1. hdss7-11 安装bind

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# yum install -y bind

2.2.2. hdss7-11 配置bind

*  主配置文件

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /etc/named.conf  # 确保以下配置正确
      listen-on port 53 { 10.4.7.11; };
        directory   "/var/named";
        allow-query     { any; };
      forwarders      { 10.4.7.254; };
      recursion yes;
      dnssec-enable no;
      dnssec-validation no;

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 配置区域文件

# 增加两个zone配置，od.com为业务域，host.com.zone为主机域
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones  
    zone "host.com" IN {
            type  master;
            file  "host.com.zone";
            allow-update { 10.4.7.11; };
    };
    
    zone "od.com" IN {
            type  master;
            file  "od.com.zone";
            allow-update { 10.4.7.11; };
    };

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 配置主机域文件

# line6中时间需要修改
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /var/named/host.com.zone
    $ORIGIN host.com.
    $TTL 600    ; 10 minutes
    @       IN SOA  dns.host.com. dnsadmin.host.com. (
                    2020010501 ; serial
                    10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                    900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                    604800     ; expire (1 week)
                    86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                    )
                NS   dns.host.com.
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
    dns                A    10.4.7.11
    HDSS7-11           A    10.4.7.11
    HDSS7-12           A    10.4.7.12
    HDSS7-21           A    10.4.7.21
    HDSS7-22           A    10.4.7.22
    HDSS7-200          A    10.4.7.200

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 配置业务域文件

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone
    $ORIGIN od.com.
    $TTL 600    ; 10 minutes
    @           IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                    2020010501 ; serial
                    10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                    900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                    604800     ; expire (1 week)
                    86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                    )
                    NS   dns.od.com.
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
    dns                A    10.4.7.11

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 启动bind服务，并测试

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# named-checkconf  # 检查配置文件
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl start named ; systemctl enable named
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# host HDSS7-200 10.4.7.11
    Using domain server:
    Name: 10.4.7.11
    Address: 10.4.7.11#53
    Aliases: 
    
    HDSS7-200.host.com has address 10.4.7.200

2.2.3. 修改主机DNS

*  修改**所有主机**的dns服务器地址

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# sed -i '/DNS1/s/10.4.7.254/10.4.7.11/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl restart network
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
    # Generated by NetworkManager
    search host.com
    nameserver 10.4.7.11

*  本次实验环境使用的是虚拟机，因此也要对windows宿主机NAT网卡DNS进行修改

![image][image 3]

![image][image 4]

### 2.3. 根证书准备 ###

*  在 hdss7-200 下载工具

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-json
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# chmod u+x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*

*  在 hdss7-200 签发根证书

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# mkdir /opt/certs/ ; cd /opt/certs/
    # 根证书配置：
    # CN 一般写域名，浏览器会校验
    # names 为地区和公司信息
    # expiry 为过期时间
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# vim /opt/certs/ca-csr.json
    {
        "CN": "OldboyEdu",
        "hosts": [
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "beijing",
                "L": "beijing",
                "O": "od",
                "OU": "ops"
            }
        ],
        "ca": {
            "expiry": "175200h"
        }
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssl-json -bare ca
    2020/01/05 10:42:07 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
    2020/01/05 10:42:07 [INFO] generate received request
    2020/01/05 10:42:07 [INFO] received CSR
    2020/01/05 10:42:07 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
    2020/01/05 10:42:08 [INFO] encoded CSR
    2020/01/05 10:42:08 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 451005524427475354617025362003367427117323539780
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ls -l ca*
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  993 Jan  5 10:42 ca.csr
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  328 Jan  5 10:39 ca-csr.json
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan  5 10:42 ca-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1346 Jan  5 10:42 ca.pem

### 2.4. docker环境准备 ###

需要安装docker的机器：hdss7-21 hdss7-22 hdss7-200，以hdss7-21为例

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# yum install -y docker-ce
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# mkdir /etc/docker/
    # 不安全的registry中增加了harbor地址
    # 各个机器上bip网段不一致，bip中间两段与宿主机最后两段相同，目的是方便定位问题 
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
    {
      "graph": "/data/docker",
      "storage-driver": "overlay2",
      "insecure-registries": ["registry.access.redhat.com","quay.io","harbor.od.com"],
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
      "bip": "172.7.21.1/24",
      "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
      "live-restore": true
    }
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# mkdir /data/docker
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# systemctl start docker ; systemctl enable docker

### 2.5. harbor安装 ###

参考地址：[https://www.yuque.com/duduniao/trp3ic/ohrxds\#9Zpxx][https_www.yuque.com_duduniao_trp3ic_ohrxds_9Zpxx]

官方地址：[https://goharbor.io/][https_goharbor.io]

下载地址：[https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases][https_github.com_goharbor_harbor_releases]

2.5.1. hdss7-200 安装harbor

# 目录说明：
    # /opt/src : 源码、文件下载目录
    # /opt/release : 各个版本软件存放位置
    # /opt/apps : 各个软件当前版本的软链接
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/src
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v1.9.4/harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# mv harbor /opt/release/harbor-v1.9.4
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# ln -s /opt/release/harbor-v1.9.4 /opt/apps/harbor
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# ll /opt/apps/
    total 0
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Jan  5 11:13 harbor -> /opt/release/harbor-v1.9.4
    # 实验环境仅修改以下配置项，生产环境还得修改密码
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# vim /opt/apps/harbor/harbor.yml
    hostname: harbor.od.com
    http:
      port: 180
    data_volume: /data/harbor
    location: /data/harbor/logs
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# yum install -y docker-compose
    [root@hdss7-200 src]# cd /opt/apps/harbor/
    [root@hdss7-200 harbor]# ./install.sh 
    ......
    ✔ ----Harbor has been installed and started successfully.----
    [root@hdss7-200 harbor]# docker-compose ps 
          Name                     Command               State             Ports          
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    harbor-core         /harbor/harbor_core              Up                               
    harbor-db           /docker-entrypoint.sh            Up      5432/tcp                 
    harbor-jobservice   /harbor/harbor_jobservice  ...   Up                               
    harbor-log          /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ...   Up      127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
    harbor-portal       nginx -g daemon off;             Up      8080/tcp                 
    nginx               nginx -g daemon off;             Up      0.0.0.0:180->8080/tcp    
    redis               redis-server /etc/redis.conf     Up      6379/tcp                 
    registry            /entrypoint.sh /etc/regist ...   Up      5000/tcp                 
    registryctl         /harbor/start.sh                 Up

*  设置harbor开机启动

[root@hdss7-200 harbor]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local  # 增加以下内容
    # start harbor
    cd /opt/apps/harbor
    /usr/bin/docker-compose stop
    /usr/bin/docker-compose start

2.5.2. hdss7-200 安装nginx

*  安装Nginx反向代理harbor

# 当前机器中Nginx功能较少，使用yum安装即可。如有多个harbor考虑源码编译且配置健康检查
    # nginx配置此处忽略，仅仅使用最简单的配置。
    [root@hdss7-200 harbor]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/harbor.conf
    [root@hdss7-200 harbor]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/harbor.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  harbor.od.com;
        # 避免出现上传失败的情况
        client_max_body_size 1000m;
    
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:180;
        }
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 harbor]# systemctl start nginx ; systemctl enable nginx

*  hdss7-11 配置DNS解析

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone  # 序列号需要滚动一个
    $ORIGIN od.com.
    $TTL 600    ; 10 minutes
    @           IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                    2020010502 ; serial
                    10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                    900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                    604800     ; expire (1 week)
                    86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                    )
                    NS   dns.od.com.
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
    dns                A    10.4.7.11
    harbor             A    10.4.7.200
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl restart named.service  # reload 无法使得配置生效
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# host harbor.od.com
    harbor.od.com has address 10.4.7.200

![image][image 5]

*  新建项目: public

![image][image 6]

*  测试harbor

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# docker image tag nginx:latest harbor.od.com/public/nginx:latest
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# docker login -u admin harbor.od.com
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# docker image push harbor.od.com/public/nginx:latest
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# docker logout

![image][image 7]

## 3. 主控节点安装 ##

### 3.1. etcd安装 ###

etcd 的leader选举机制，要求至少为3台或以上的奇数台。本次安装涉及：hdss7-12，hdss7-21，hdss7-22

3.1.1. 签发etcd证书

证书签发服务器 hdss7-200:

*  创建ca的json配置: /opt/certs/ca-config.json

*   *  server 表示服务端连接客户端时携带的证书，用于客户端验证服务端身份
     *  client 表示客户端连接服务端时携带的证书，用于服务端验证客户端身份
     *  peer 表示相互之间连接时使用的证书，如etcd节点之间验证

{
        "signing": {
            "default": {
                "expiry": "175200h"
            },
            "profiles": {
                "server": {
                    "expiry": "175200h",
                    "usages": [
                        "signing",
                        "key encipherment",
                        "server auth"
                    ]
                },
                "client": {
                    "expiry": "175200h",
                    "usages": [
                        "signing",
                        "key encipherment",
                        "client auth"
                    ]
                },
                "peer": {
                    "expiry": "175200h",
                    "usages": [
                        "signing",
                        "key encipherment",
                        "server auth",
                        "client auth"
                    ]
                }
            }
        }
    }

*  创建etcd证书配置：/opt/certs/etcd-peer-csr.json

重点在hosts上，将所有可能的etcd服务器添加到host列表，不能使用网段，新增etcd服务器需要重新签发证书

{
        "CN": "k8s-etcd",
        "hosts": [
            "10.4.7.11",
            "10.4.7.12",
            "10.4.7.21",
            "10.4.7.22"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "beijing",
                "L": "beijing",
                "O": "od",
                "OU": "ops"
            }
        ]
    }

*  签发证书

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=peer etcd-peer-csr.json |cfssl-json -bare etcd-peer
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ll etcd-peer*
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062 Jan  5 17:01 etcd-peer.csr
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  363 Jan  5 16:59 etcd-peer-csr.json
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan  5 17:01 etcd-peer-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1428 Jan  5 17:01 etcd-peer.pem

3.1.2. 安装etcd

etcd地址：[https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/][https_github.com_etcd-io_etcd]

实验使用版本: [etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz][]

本次安装涉及：hdss7-12，hdss7-21，hdss7-22

*  下载etcd

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M etcd
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# cd /opt/src/
    [root@hdss7-12 src]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.1.20/etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@hdss7-12 src]# tar -xf etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
    [root@hdss7-12 src]# mv etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64 /opt/release/etcd-v3.1.20
    [root@hdss7-12 src]# ln -s /opt/release/etcd-v3.1.20 /opt/apps/etcd
    [root@hdss7-12 src]# ll /opt/apps/etcd
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Jan  5 17:56 /opt/apps/etcd -> /opt/release/etcd-v3.1.20
    [root@hdss7-12 src]# mkdir -p /opt/apps/etcd/certs /data/etcd /data/logs/etcd-server

*  下发证书到各个etcd上

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# for i in 12 21 22;do scp ca.pem etcd-peer.pem etcd-peer-key.pem hdss7-${i}:/opt/apps/etcd/certs/ ;done

[root@hdss7-12 src]# md5sum /opt/apps/etcd/certs/*
    8778d0c3411891af61a287e49a70c89a  /opt/apps/etcd/certs/ca.pem
    7918783c2f6bf69e96edf03e67d04983  /opt/apps/etcd/certs/etcd-peer-key.pem
    d4d849751a834c7727d42324fdedf92d  /opt/apps/etcd/certs/etcd-peer.pem

*  创建启动脚本(部分参数每台机器不同)

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# vim /opt/apps/etcd/etcd-server-startup.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    # listen-peer-urls etcd节点之间通信端口
    # listen-client-urls 客户端与etcd通信端口
    # quota-backend-bytes 配额大小
    # 需要修改的参数：name,listen-peer-urls,listen-client-urls,initial-advertise-peer-urls
    
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/etcd/etcd --name etcd-server-7-12 \
        --data-dir /data/etcd/etcd-server \
        --listen-peer-urls https://10.4.7.12:2380 \
        --listen-client-urls https://10.4.7.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
        --quota-backend-bytes 8000000000 \
        --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://10.4.7.12:2380 \
        --advertise-client-urls https://10.4.7.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
        --initial-cluster  etcd-server-7-12=https://10.4.7.12:2380,etcd-server-7-21=https://10.4.7.21:2380,etcd-server-7-22=https://10.4.7.22:2380 \
        --ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --cert-file ./certs/etcd-peer.pem \
        --key-file ./certs/etcd-peer-key.pem \
        --client-cert-auth  \
        --trusted-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --peer-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --peer-cert-file ./certs/etcd-peer.pem \
        --peer-key-file ./certs/etcd-peer-key.pem \
        --peer-client-cert-auth \
        --peer-trusted-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --log-output stdout

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/etcd/etcd-server-startup.sh
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# chown -R etcd.etcd /opt/apps/etcd/ /data/etcd /data/logs/etcd-server

3.1.3. 启动etcd

因为这些进程都是要启动为后台进程，要么手动启动，要么采用后台进程管理工具，实验中使用后台管理工具

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# yum install -y supervisor
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# systemctl start supervisord ; systemctl enable supervisord
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/etcd-server.ini
    [program:etcd-server-7-12]
    command=/opt/apps/etcd/etcd-server-startup.sh         ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
    numprocs=1                                            ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
    directory=/opt/apps/etcd                              ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
    autostart=true                                        ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
    autorestart=true                                      ; retstart at unexpected quit (default: true)
    startsecs=30                                          ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1)
    startretries=3                                        ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
    exitcodes=0,2                                         ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)
    stopsignal=QUIT                                       ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
    stopwaitsecs=10                                       ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
    user=etcd                                             ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
    redirect_stderr=true                                  ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/etcd-server/etcd.stdout.log ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB                          ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
    stdout_logfile_backups=5                              ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB                           ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
    stdout_events_enabled=false                           ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl update
    etcd-server-7-12: added process group

*  etcd 进程状态查看

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl status  # supervisorctl 状态
    etcd-server-7-12                 RUNNING   pid 22375, uptime 0:00:39
    
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# netstat -lntp|grep etcd
    tcp        0      0 10.4.7.12:2379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22379/etcd          
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:2379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22379/etcd          
    tcp        0      0 10.4.7.12:2380          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22379/etcd
    
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# /opt/apps/etcd/etcdctl member list # 随着etcd重启，leader会变化
    988139385f78284: name=etcd-server-7-22 peerURLs=https://10.4.7.22:2380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:2379,https://10.4.7.22:2379 isLeader=false
    5a0ef2a004fc4349: name=etcd-server-7-21 peerURLs=https://10.4.7.21:2380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:2379,https://10.4.7.21:2379 isLeader=true
    f4a0cb0a765574a8: name=etcd-server-7-12 peerURLs=https://10.4.7.12:2380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:2379,https://10.4.7.12:2379 isLeader=false
    
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# /opt/apps/etcd/etcdctl cluster-health
    member 988139385f78284 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
    member 5a0ef2a004fc4349 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
    member f4a0cb0a765574a8 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
    cluster is healthy

*  etcd 启停方式

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl start etcd-server-7-12
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl stop etcd-server-7-12
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl restart etcd-server-7-12
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl status etcd-server-7-12

### 3.2. apiserver 安装 ###

3.2.1. 下载kubernetes服务端

aipserver 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

下载 kubernetes 二进制版本包需要科学上网工具

*  进入kubernetes的github页面: [https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes][https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes]
 *  进入tags页签: [https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tags][https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes_tags]
 *  选择要下载的版本: [https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases/tag/v1.15.2][https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes_releases_tag_v1.15.2]
 *  点击 CHANGELOG-$\{version\}.md  进入说明页面: [https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md\#downloads-for-v1152][https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes_blob_master_CHANGELOG-1.15.md_downloads-for-v1152]
 *  下载Server Binaries: [https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_dl.k8s.io_v1.15.2_kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# cd /opt/src
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# mv kubernetes /opt/release/kubernetes-v1.15.2
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# ln -s /opt/release/kubernetes-v1.15.2 /opt/apps/kubernetes
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# ll /opt/apps/kubernetes
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Jan  6 12:59 /opt/apps/kubernetes -> /opt/release/kubernetes-v1.15.2
    
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# cd /opt/apps/kubernetes
    [root@hdss7-21 kubernetes]# rm -f kubernetes-src.tar.gz 
    [root@hdss7-21 kubernetes]# cd server/bin/
    [root@hdss7-21 bin]# rm -f *.tar *_tag  # *.tar *_tag 镜像文件
    [root@hdss7-21 bin]# ll
    total 884636
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  43534816 Aug  5 18:01 apiextensions-apiserver
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100548640 Aug  5 18:01 cloud-controller-manager
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 200648416 Aug  5 18:01 hyperkube
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  40182208 Aug  5 18:01 kubeadm
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 164501920 Aug  5 18:01 kube-apiserver
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 116397088 Aug  5 18:01 kube-controller-manager
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  42985504 Aug  5 18:01 kubectl
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 119616640 Aug  5 18:01 kubelet
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  36987488 Aug  5 18:01 kube-proxy
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  38786144 Aug  5 18:01 kube-scheduler
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1648224 Aug  5 18:01 mounter

3.2.2. 签发证书

签发证书 涉及的服务器：hdss7-200

*  签发client证书（apiserver和etcd通信证书）

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# vim /opt/certs/client-csr.json
    {
        "CN": "k8s-node",
        "hosts": [
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "beijing",
                "L": "beijing",
                "O": "od",
                "OU": "ops"
            }
        ]
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=client client-csr.json |cfssl-json -bare client
    2020/01/06 13:42:47 [INFO] generate received request
    2020/01/06 13:42:47 [INFO] received CSR
    2020/01/06 13:42:47 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
    2020/01/06 13:42:47 [INFO] encoded CSR
    2020/01/06 13:42:47 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 268276380983442021656020268926931973684313260543
    2020/01/06 13:42:47 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
    websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
    of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
    specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ls client* -l
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  993 Jan  6 13:42 client.csr
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  280 Jan  6 13:42 client-csr.json
    -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jan  6 13:42 client-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1363 Jan  6 13:42 client.pem

*  签发server证书（apiserver和其它k8s组件通信使用）

# hosts中将所有可能作为apiserver的ip添加进去，VIP 10.4.7.10 也要加入
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# vim /opt/certs/apiserver-csr.json
    {
        "CN": "k8s-apiserver",
        "hosts": [
            "127.0.0.1",
            "192.168.0.1",
            "kubernetes.default",
            "kubernetes.default.svc",
            "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
            "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local",
            "10.4.7.10",
            "10.4.7.21",
            "10.4.7.22",
            "10.4.7.23"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "beijing",
                "L": "beijing",
                "O": "od",
                "OU": "ops"
            }
        ]
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=server apiserver-csr.json |cfssl-json -bare apiserver
    2020/01/06 13:46:56 [INFO] generate received request
    2020/01/06 13:46:56 [INFO] received CSR
    2020/01/06 13:46:56 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
    2020/01/06 13:46:56 [INFO] encoded CSR
    2020/01/06 13:46:56 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 573076691386375893093727554861295529219004473872
    2020/01/06 13:46:56 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
    websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
    of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
    specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ls apiserver* -l
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1249 Jan  6 13:46 apiserver.csr
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  566 Jan  6 13:45 apiserver-csr.json
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan  6 13:46 apiserver-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1598 Jan  6 13:46 apiserver.pem

*  证书下发

[root@hdss7-200 certs]# for i in 21 22;do echo hdss7-$i;ssh hdss7-$i "mkdir /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs";scp apiserver-key.pem apiserver.pem ca-key.pem ca.pem client-key.pem client.pem hdss7-$i:/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/;done

3.2.3. 配置apiserver日志审计

aipserver 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

[root@hdss7-21 bin]# mkdir /opt/apps/kubernetes/conf
    [root@hdss7-21 bin]# vim /opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/audit.yaml # 打开文件后，设置 :set paste，避免自动缩进
    apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1 # This is required.
    kind: Policy
    # Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
    omitStages:
      - "RequestReceived"
    rules:
      # Log pod changes at RequestResponse level
      - level: RequestResponse
        resources:
        - group: ""
          # Resource "pods" doesn't match requests to any subresource of pods,
          # which is consistent with the RBAC policy.
          resources: ["pods"]
      # Log "pods/log", "pods/status" at Metadata level
      - level: Metadata
        resources:
        - group: ""
          resources: ["pods/log", "pods/status"]
    
      # Don't log requests to a configmap called "controller-leader"
      - level: None
        resources:
        - group: ""
          resources: ["configmaps"]
          resourceNames: ["controller-leader"]
    
      # Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services
      - level: None
        users: ["system:kube-proxy"]
        verbs: ["watch"]
        resources:
        - group: "" # core API group
          resources: ["endpoints", "services"]
    
      # Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
      - level: None
        userGroups: ["system:authenticated"]
        nonResourceURLs:
        - "/api*" # Wildcard matching.
        - "/version"
    
      # Log the request body of configmap changes in kube-system.
      - level: Request
        resources:
        - group: "" # core API group
          resources: ["configmaps"]
        # This rule only applies to resources in the "kube-system" namespace.
        # The empty string "" can be used to select non-namespaced resources.
        namespaces: ["kube-system"]
    
      # Log configmap and secret changes in all other namespaces at the Metadata level.
      - level: Metadata
        resources:
        - group: "" # core API group
          resources: ["secrets", "configmaps"]
    
      # Log all other resources in core and extensions at the Request level.
      - level: Request
        resources:
        - group: "" # core API group
        - group: "extensions" # Version of group should NOT be included.
    
      # A catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level.
      - level: Metadata
        # Long-running requests like watches that fall under this rule will not
        # generate an audit event in RequestReceived.
        omitStages:
          - "RequestReceived"

3.2.4. 配置启动脚本

aipserver 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

*  创建启动脚本

[root@hdss7-21 bin]# vim /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver-startup.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver \
        --apiserver-count 2 \
        --audit-log-path /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-apiserver/audit-log \
        --audit-policy-file ../../conf/audit.yaml \
        --authorization-mode RBAC \
        --client-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --requestheader-client-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --enable-admission-plugins NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota \
        --etcd-cafile ./certs/ca.pem \
        --etcd-certfile ./certs/client.pem \
        --etcd-keyfile ./certs/client-key.pem \
        --etcd-servers https://10.4.7.12:2379,https://10.4.7.21:2379,https://10.4.7.22:2379 \
        --service-account-key-file ./certs/ca-key.pem \
        --service-cluster-ip-range 192.168.0.0/16 \
        --service-node-port-range 3000-29999 \
        --target-ram-mb=1024 \
        --kubelet-client-certificate ./certs/client.pem \
        --kubelet-client-key ./certs/client-key.pem \
        --log-dir  /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-apiserver \
        --tls-cert-file ./certs/apiserver.pem \
        --tls-private-key-file ./certs/apiserver-key.pem \
        --v 2

*  配置supervisor启动配置

[root@hdss7-21 bin]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/kube-apiserver.ini
    [program:kube-apiserver-7-21]
    command=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver-startup.sh
    numprocs=1
    directory=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin
    autostart=true
    autorestart=true
    startsecs=30
    startretries=3
    exitcodes=0,2
    stopsignal=QUIT
    stopwaitsecs=10
    user=root
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/kubernetes/kube-apiserver/apiserver.stdout.log
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB
    stdout_logfile_backups=5
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB
    stdout_events_enabled=false
    [root@hdss7-21 bin]# supervisorctl update
    [root@hdss7-21 bin]# supervisorctl status
    etcd-server-7-21                 RUNNING   pid 23637, uptime 22:26:08
    kube-apiserver-7-21              RUNNING   pid 32591, uptime 0:05:37

*  启停apiserver

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl start kube-apiserver-7-21
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl stop kube-apiserver-7-21
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl restart kube-apiserver-7-21
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# supervisorctl status kube-apiserver-7-21

*  查看进程

[root@hdss7-21 bin]# netstat -lntp|grep api
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8080          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      32595/kube-apiserve 
    tcp6       0      0 :::6443                 :::*                    LISTEN      32595/kube-apiserve 
    [root@hdss7-21 bin]# ps uax|grep kube-apiserver|grep -v grep
    root      32591  0.0  0.0 115296  1476 ?        S    20:17   0:00 /bin/bash /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver-startup.sh
    root      32595  3.0  2.3 402720 184892 ?       Sl   20:17   0:16 /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver --apiserver-count 2 --audit-log-path /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-apiserver/audit-log --audit-policy-file ../../conf/audit.yaml --authorization-mode RBAC --client-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem --enable-admission-plugins NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota --etcd-cafile ./certs/ca.pem --etcd-certfile ./certs/client.pem --etcd-keyfile ./certs/client-key.pem --etcd-servers https://10.4.7.12:2379,https://10.4.7.21:2379,https://10.4.7.22:2379 --service-account-key-file ./certs/ca-key.pem --service-cluster-ip-range 192.168.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range 3000-29999 --target-ram-mb=1024 --kubelet-client-certificate ./certs/client.pem --kubelet-client-key ./certs/client-key.pem --log-dir /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-apiserver --tls-cert-file ./certs/apiserver.pem --tls-private-key-file ./certs/apiserver-key.pem --v 2

### 3.3. 配置apiserver L4代理 ###

3.3.1. nginx配置

L4 代理涉及的服务器：hdss7-11，hdss7-12

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# yum install -y nginx
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  
    # 末尾加上以下内容，stream 只能加在 main 中
    # 此处只是简单配置下nginx，实际生产中，建议进行更合理的配置
    stream {
        log_format proxy '$time_local|$remote_addr|$upstream_addr|$protocol|$status|'
                         '$session_time|$upstream_connect_time|$bytes_sent|$bytes_received|'
                         '$upstream_bytes_sent|$upstream_bytes_received' ;
    
        upstream kube-apiserver {
            server 10.4.7.21:6443     max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
            server 10.4.7.22:6443     max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        }
        server {
            listen 7443;
            proxy_connect_timeout 2s;
            proxy_timeout 900s;
            proxy_pass kube-apiserver;
            access_log /var/log/nginx/proxy.log proxy;
        }
    }
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl start nginx; systemctl enable nginx
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:7443  # 测试几次
    Client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server.
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# cat /var/log/nginx/proxy.log 
    06/Jan/2020:21:00:27 +0800|127.0.0.1|10.4.7.21:6443|TCP|200|0.001|0.000|76|78|78|76
    06/Jan/2020:21:05:03 +0800|127.0.0.1|10.4.7.22:6443|TCP|200|0.020|0.019|76|78|78|76
    06/Jan/2020:21:05:04 +0800|127.0.0.1|10.4.7.21:6443|TCP|200|0.001|0.001|76|78|78|76

3.3.2. keepalived配置

aipserver L4 代理涉及的服务器：hdss7-11，hdss7-12

*  安装keepalive

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# yum install -y keepalived
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_port.sh # 配置检查脚本
    #!/bin/bash
    if [ $# -eq 1 ] && [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+ ]];then
        [ $(netstat -lntp|grep ":$1 " |wc -l) -eq 0 ] && echo "[ERROR] nginx may be not running!" && exit 1 || exit 0
    else
        echo "[ERROR] need one port!"
        exit 1
    fi
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_port.sh

*  配置主节点：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

**主节点中，必须加上** **nopreempt**

因为一旦因为网络抖动导致VIP漂移，不能让它自动飘回来，必须要分析原因后手动迁移VIP到主节点！如主节点确认正常后，重启备节点的keepalive，让VIP飘到主节点.

keepalived 的日志输出配置此处省略，生产中需要进行处理。

! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
       router_id 10.4.7.11
    }
    vrrp_script chk_nginx {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_port.sh 7443"
        interval 2
        weight -20
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER
        interface ens32
        virtual_router_id 251
        priority 100
        advert_int 1
        mcast_src_ip 10.4.7.11
        nopreempt
    
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 11111111
        }
        track_script {
             chk_nginx
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.4.7.10
        }
    }

*  配置备节点：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
        router_id 10.4.7.12
    }
    vrrp_script chk_nginx {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_port.sh 7443"
        interval 2
        weight -20
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface ens32
        virtual_router_id 251
        mcast_src_ip 10.4.7.12
        priority 90
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 11111111
        }
        track_script {
            chk_nginx
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.4.7.10
        }
    }

*  启动keepalived

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl start keepalived ; systemctl enable keepalived
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# ip addr show ens32
    2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:6d:b8:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.4.7.11/24 brd 10.4.7.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet 10.4.7.10/32 scope global ens32
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    ......

### 3.4. controller-manager 安装 ###

controller-manager 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

controller-manager 设置为只调用当前机器的 apiserver，走127.0.0.1网卡，因此不配制SSL证书

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-controller-manager-startup.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-controller-manager \
        --cluster-cidr 172.7.0.0/16 \
        --leader-elect true \
        --log-dir /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager \
        --master http://127.0.0.1:8080 \
        --service-account-private-key-file ./certs/ca-key.pem \
        --service-cluster-ip-range 192.168.0.0/16 \
        --root-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --v 2
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-controller-manager-startup.sh

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/kube-controller-manager.ini
    [program:kube-controller-manager-7-21]
    command=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-controller-manager-startup.sh                     ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
    numprocs=1                                                                        ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
    directory=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin                                              ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
    autostart=true                                                                    ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
    autorestart=true                                                                  ; retstart at unexpected quit (default: true)
    startsecs=30                                                                      ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1)
    startretries=3                                                                    ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
    exitcodes=0,2                                                                     ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)
    stopsignal=QUIT                                                                   ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
    stopwaitsecs=10                                                                   ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
    user=root                                                                         ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
    redirect_stderr=true                                                              ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager/controller.stdout.log  ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB                                                      ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
    stdout_logfile_backups=4                                                          ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB                                                       ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
    stdout_events_enabled=false                                                       ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl update
    kube-controller-manager-7-21: stopped
    kube-controller-manager-7-21: updated process group
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl status
    etcd-server-7-21                 RUNNING   pid 23637, uptime 1 day, 0:16:54
    kube-apiserver-7-21              RUNNING   pid 32591, uptime 1:56:23
    kube-controller-manager-7-21     RUNNING   pid 33357, uptime 0:00:38

### 3.5. kube-scheduler安装 ###

kube-scheduler 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

kube-scheduler 设置为只调用当前机器的 apiserver，走127.0.0.1网卡，因此不配制SSL证书

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-scheduler-startup.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-scheduler \
        --leader-elect  \
        --log-dir /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-scheduler \
        --master http://127.0.0.1:8080 \
        --v 2
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-scheduler-startup.sh
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# mkdir -p /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-scheduler

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/kube-scheduler.ini
    [program:kube-scheduler-7-21]
    command=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-scheduler-startup.sh                     
    numprocs=1                                                               
    directory=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin                                     
    autostart=true                                                           
    autorestart=true                                                         
    startsecs=30                                                             
    startretries=3                                                           
    exitcodes=0,2                                                            
    stopsignal=QUIT                                                          
    stopwaitsecs=10                                                          
    user=root                                                                
    redirect_stderr=true                                                     
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/kubernetes/kube-scheduler/scheduler.stdout.log 
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB                                             
    stdout_logfile_backups=4                                                 
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB                                              
    stdout_events_enabled=false

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl update
    kube-scheduler-7-21: stopped
    kube-scheduler-7-21: updated process group
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl status 
    etcd-server-7-21                 RUNNING   pid 23637, uptime 1 day, 0:26:53
    kube-apiserver-7-21              RUNNING   pid 32591, uptime 2:06:22
    kube-controller-manager-7-21     RUNNING   pid 33357, uptime 0:10:37
    kube-scheduler-7-21              RUNNING   pid 33450, uptime 0:01:18

### 3.6. 检查主控节点状态 ###

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# ln -s /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kubectl /usr/local/bin/
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get cs
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE              ERROR
    scheduler            Healthy   ok                   
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok                   
    etcd-1               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   
    etcd-0               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   
    etcd-2               Healthy   {"health": "true"}

[root@hdss7-22 ~]# ln -s /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kubectl /usr/local/bin/
    [root@hdss7-22 ~]# kubectl get cs
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE              ERROR
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok                   
    scheduler            Healthy   ok                   
    etcd-2               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   
    etcd-1               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   
    etcd-0               Healthy   {"health": "true"}

--------------------

## 4. 运算节点部署 ##

### 4.1. kubelet 部署 ###

4.1.1. 签发证书

证书签发在 hdss7-200 操作

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# vim kubelet-csr.json # 将所有可能的kubelet机器IP添加到hosts中
    {
        "CN": "k8s-kubelet",
        "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
        "10.4.7.10",
        "10.4.7.21",
        "10.4.7.22",
        "10.4.7.23",
        "10.4.7.24",
        "10.4.7.25",
        "10.4.7.26",
        "10.4.7.27",
        "10.4.7.28"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "beijing",
                "L": "beijing",
                "O": "od",
                "OU": "ops"
            }
        ]
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=server kubelet-csr.json | cfssl-json -bare kubelet
    2020/01/06 23:10:56 [INFO] generate received request
    2020/01/06 23:10:56 [INFO] received CSR
    2020/01/06 23:10:56 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
    2020/01/06 23:10:56 [INFO] encoded CSR
    2020/01/06 23:10:56 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 61221942784856969738771370531559555767101820379
    2020/01/06 23:10:56 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
    websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
    of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
    specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ls kubelet* -l
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1115 Jan  6 23:10 kubelet.csr
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  452 Jan  6 23:10 kubelet-csr.json
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan  6 23:10 kubelet-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1468 Jan  6 23:10 kubelet.pem
    
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp kubelet.pem kubelet-key.pem hdss7-21:/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp kubelet.pem kubelet-key.pem hdss7-22:/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/

4.1.2. 创建kubelet配置

kubelet配置在 hdss7-21 hdss7-22 操作

*  set-cluster  \# 创建需要连接的集群信息，可以创建多个k8s集群信息

*  set-credentials  \# 创建用户账号，即用户登陆使用的客户端私有和证书，可以创建多个证书

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config set-credentials k8s-node \
    --client-certificate=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/client.pem \
    --client-key=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/client-key.pem \
    --embed-certs=true \
    --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.kubeconfig

*  set-context  \# 设置context，即确定账号和集群对应关系

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config set-context myk8s-context \
    --cluster=myk8s \
    --user=k8s-node \
    --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.kubeconfig

*  use-context  \# 设置当前使用哪个context

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config use-context myk8s-context --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.kubeconfig

4.1.3. 授权k8s-node用户

**此步骤只需要在一台master节点执行**

授权 k8s-node 用户绑定集群角色 system:node ，让 k8s-node 成为具备运算节点的权限。

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim k8s-node.yaml
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: k8s-node
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: system:node
    subjects:
    - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: User
      name: k8s-node
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl create -f k8s-node.yaml 
    clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/k8s-node created
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get clusterrolebinding k8s-node
    NAME       AGE
    k8s-node   36s

4.1.4. 装备pause镜像

将pause镜像放入到harbor私有仓库中，仅在 hdss7-200 操作：

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image pull kubernetes/pause
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image tag kubernetes/pause:latest harbor.od.com/public/pause:latest
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker login -u admin harbor.od.com
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image push harbor.od.com/public/pause:latest

4.1.5. 创建启动脚本

在node节点创建脚本并启动kubelet，涉及服务器： hdss7-21  hdss7-22

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet-startup.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet \
        --anonymous-auth=false \
        --cgroup-driver systemd \
        --cluster-dns 192.168.0.2 \
        --cluster-domain cluster.local \
        --runtime-cgroups=/systemd/system.slice \
        --kubelet-cgroups=/systemd/system.slice \
        --fail-swap-on="false" \
        --client-ca-file ./certs/ca.pem \
        --tls-cert-file ./certs/kubelet.pem \
        --tls-private-key-file ./certs/kubelet-key.pem \
        --hostname-override hdss7-21.host.com \
        --image-gc-high-threshold 20 \
        --image-gc-low-threshold 10 \
        --kubeconfig ../../conf/kubelet.kubeconfig \
        --log-dir /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-kubelet \
        --pod-infra-container-image harbor.od.com/public/pause:latest \
        --root-dir /data/kubelet
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet-startup.sh
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# mkdir -p /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-kubelet /data/kubelet
    
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/kube-kubelet.ini
    [program:kube-kubelet-7-21]
    command=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet-startup.sh
    numprocs=1
    directory=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin
    autostart=true
    autorestart=true
    startsecs=30
    startretries=3
    exitcodes=0,2
    stopsignal=QUIT
    stopwaitsecs=10
    user=root
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/kubernetes/kube-kubelet/kubelet.stdout.log
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB
    stdout_logfile_backups=5
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB
    stdout_events_enabled=false

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl update
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl status
    etcd-server-7-21                 RUNNING   pid 23637, uptime 1 day, 14:56:25
    kube-apiserver-7-21              RUNNING   pid 32591, uptime 16:35:54
    kube-controller-manager-7-21     RUNNING   pid 33357, uptime 14:40:09
    kube-kubelet-7-21                RUNNING   pid 37232, uptime 0:01:08
    kube-scheduler-7-21              RUNNING   pid 33450, uptime 14:30:50
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get node
    NAME                STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
    hdss7-21.host.com   Ready    <none>   3m13s   v1.15.2
    hdss7-22.host.com   Ready    <none>   3m13s   v1.15.2

4.1.6. 修改节点角色

使用 kubectl get nodes 获取的Node节点角色为空，可以按照以下方式修改

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get node
    NAME                STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
    hdss7-21.host.com   Ready    <none>   3m13s   v1.15.2
    hdss7-22.host.com   Ready    <none>   3m13s   v1.15.2
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl label node hdss7-21.host.com node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
    node/hdss7-21.host.com labeled
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl label node hdss7-21.host.com node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
    node/hdss7-21.host.com labeled
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl label node hdss7-22.host.com node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
    node/hdss7-22.host.com labeled
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl label node hdss7-22.host.com node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
    node/hdss7-22.host.com labeled
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get node
    NAME                STATUS   ROLES         AGE     VERSION
    hdss7-21.host.com   Ready    master,node   7m44s   v1.15.2
    hdss7-22.host.com   Ready    master,node   7m44s   v1.15.2

### 4.2. kube-proxy部署 ###

4.2.1. 签发证书

证书签发在 hdss7-200 操作

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# vim kube-proxy-csr.json  # CN 其实是k8s中的角色
    {
        "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "ST": "beijing",
                "L": "beijing",
                "O": "od",
                "OU": "ops"
            }
        ]
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=client kube-proxy-csr.json |cfssl-json -bare kube-proxy-client
    2020/01/07 21:45:53 [INFO] generate received request
    2020/01/07 21:45:53 [INFO] received CSR
    2020/01/07 21:45:53 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
    2020/01/07 21:45:53 [INFO] encoded CSR
    2020/01/07 21:45:53 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 620191685968917036075463174423999296907693104226
    2020/01/07 21:45:53 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
    websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
    of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ls kube-proxy-c* -l  # 因为kube-proxy使用的用户是kube-proxy，不能使用client证书，必须要重新签发自己的证书
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1005 Jan  7 21:45 kube-proxy-client.csr
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan  7 21:45 kube-proxy-client-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1375 Jan  7 21:45 kube-proxy-client.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  267 Jan  7 21:45 kube-proxy-csr.json
    
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp kube-proxy-client-key.pem kube-proxy-client.pem hdss7-21:/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/                                                                         100% 1375   870.6KB/s   00:00    
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp kube-proxy-client-key.pem kube-proxy-client.pem hdss7-22:/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/

4.2.2. 创建kube-proxy配置

在所有node节点创建，涉及服务器：hdss7-21 ，hdss7-22

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config set-cluster myk8s \
    --certificate-authority=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/ca.pem \
    --embed-certs=true \
    --server=https://10.4.7.10:7443 \
    --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
      
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
    --client-certificate=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/kube-proxy-client.pem \
    --client-key=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/certs/kube-proxy-client-key.pem \
    --embed-certs=true \
    --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
      
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config set-context myk8s-context \
    --cluster=myk8s \
    --user=kube-proxy \
    --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
      
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config use-context myk8s-context --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

4.2.3. 加载ipvs模块

kube-proxy 共有3种流量调度模式，分别是 namespace，iptables，ipvs，其中ipvs性能最好。

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# lsmod | grep ip_vs  # 查看ipvs模块

4.2.4. 创建启动脚本

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy-startup.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy \
      --cluster-cidr 172.7.0.0/16 \
      --hostname-override hdss7-21.host.com \
      --proxy-mode=ipvs \
      --ipvs-scheduler=nq \
      --kubeconfig ../../conf/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy-startup.sh
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# mkdir -p /data/logs/kubernetes/kube-proxy
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/kube-proxy.ini
    [program:kube-proxy-7-21]
    command=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy-startup.sh                
    numprocs=1                                                      
    directory=/opt/apps/kubernetes/server/bin                            
    autostart=true                                                  
    autorestart=true                                                
    startsecs=30                                                    
    startretries=3                                                  
    exitcodes=0,2                                                   
    stopsignal=QUIT                                                 
    stopwaitsecs=10                                                 
    user=root                                                       
    redirect_stderr=true                                            
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/kubernetes/kube-proxy/proxy.stdout.log
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB                                    
    stdout_logfile_backups=5                                       
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB                                     
    stdout_events_enabled=false
    
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl update

4.2.5. 验证集群

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# supervisorctl status
    etcd-server-7-21                 RUNNING   pid 23637, uptime 2 days, 0:27:18
    kube-apiserver-7-21              RUNNING   pid 32591, uptime 1 day, 2:06:47
    kube-controller-manager-7-21     RUNNING   pid 33357, uptime 1 day, 0:11:02
    kube-kubelet-7-21                RUNNING   pid 37232, uptime 9:32:01
    kube-proxy-7-21                  RUNNING   pid 47088, uptime 0:06:19
    kube-scheduler-7-21              RUNNING   pid 33450, uptime 1 day, 0:01:43
    
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# yum install -y ipvsadm
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    TCP  192.168.0.1:443 nq
      -> 10.4.7.21:6443               Masq    1      0          0         
      -> 10.4.7.22:6443               Masq    1      0          0

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# curl -I 172.7.21.2
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.17.6
    Date: Tue, 07 Jan 2020 14:28:46 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 612
    Last-Modified: Tue, 19 Nov 2019 12:50:08 GMT
    Connection: keep-alive
    ETag: "5dd3e500-264"
    Accept-Ranges: bytes
    
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# curl -I 172.7.22.2  # 缺少网络插件，无法跨节点通信

--------------------

## 5. 核心插件部署 ##

### 5.1. CNI网络插件 ###

kubernetes设计了网络模型，但是pod之间通信的具体实现交给了CNI往插件。常用的CNI网络插件有：Flannel 、Calico、Canal、Contiv等，其中Flannel和Calico占比接近80%，Flannel占比略多于Calico。本次部署使用Flannel作为网络插件。涉及的机器 hdss7-21,hdss7-22

5.1.1. 安装Flannel

github地址：[https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases][https_github.com_coreos_flannel_releases]

涉及的机器 hdss7-21,hdss7-22

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# cd /opt/src/
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.11.0/flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# mkdir /opt/release/flannel-v0.11.0 # 因为flannel压缩包内部没有套目录
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# tar -xf flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/release/flannel-v0.11.0 
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# ln -s /opt/release/flannel-v0.11.0 /opt/apps/flannel
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# ll /opt/apps/flannel
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Jan  9 22:33 /opt/apps/flannel -> /opt/release/flannel-v0.11.0

5.1.2. 拷贝证书

# flannel 需要以客户端的身份访问etcd，需要相关证书
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# mkdir /opt/apps/flannel/certs
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp ca.pem client-key.pem client.pem hdss7-21:/opt/apps/flannel/certs/

5.1.3. 创建启动脚本

涉及的机器 hdss7-21,hdss7-22

[root@hdss7-21 src]# vim /opt/apps/flannel/subnet.env # 创建子网信息，7-22的subnet需要修改
    FLANNEL_NETWORK=172.7.0.0/16
    FLANNEL_SUBNET=172.7.21.1/24
    FLANNEL_MTU=1500
    FLANNEL_IPMASQ=false
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# /opt/apps/etcd/etcdctl set /coreos.com/network/config '{"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}'
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# /opt/apps/etcd/etcdctl get /coreos.com/network/config # 只需要在一台etcd机器上设置就可以了
    {"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}

# public-ip 为本机IP，iface 为当前宿主机对外网卡
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# vim /opt/apps/flannel/flannel-startup.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    
    WORK_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && cd $WORK_DIR || exit
    
    /opt/apps/flannel/flanneld \
        --public-ip=10.4.7.21 \
        --etcd-endpoints=https://10.4.7.12:2379,https://10.4.7.21:2379,https://10.4.7.22:2379 \
        --etcd-keyfile=./certs/client-key.pem \
        --etcd-certfile=./certs/client.pem \
        --etcd-cafile=./certs/ca.pem \
        --iface=ens32 \
        --subnet-file=./subnet.env \
        --healthz-port=2401
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/flannel/flannel-startup.sh

[root@hdss7-21 src]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/flannel.ini
    [program:flanneld-7-21]
    command=/opt/apps/flannel/flannel-startup.sh                 ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
    numprocs=1                                                   ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
    directory=/opt/apps/flannel                                  ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
    autostart=true                                               ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
    autorestart=true                                             ; retstart at unexpected quit (default: true)
    startsecs=30                                                 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1)
    startretries=3                                               ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
    exitcodes=0,2                                                ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)
    stopsignal=QUIT                                              ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
    stopwaitsecs=10                                              ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
    user=root                                                    ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
    redirect_stderr=true                                         ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
    stdout_logfile=/data/logs/flanneld/flanneld.stdout.log       ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
    stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB                                 ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
    stdout_logfile_backups=5                                     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
    stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB                                  ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
    stdout_events_enabled=false                                  ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# mkdir -p /data/logs/flanneld/
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# supervisorctl update
    flanneld-7-21: added process group
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# supervisorctl status
    etcd-server-7-21                 RUNNING   pid 1058, uptime -1 day, 16:33:25
    flanneld-7-21                    RUNNING   pid 13154, uptime 0:00:30
    kube-apiserver-7-21              RUNNING   pid 1061, uptime -1 day, 16:33:25
    kube-controller-manager-7-21     RUNNING   pid 1068, uptime -1 day, 16:33:25
    kube-kubelet-7-21                RUNNING   pid 1052, uptime -1 day, 16:33:25
    kube-proxy-7-21                  RUNNING   pid 1082, uptime -1 day, 16:33:25
    kube-scheduler-7-21              RUNNING   pid 1089, uptime -1 day, 16:33:25

5.1.4. 验证跨网络访问

[root@hdss7-21 src]# kubectl get pods -o wide
    NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    nginx-ds-7db29   1/1     Running   1          2d    172.7.22.2   hdss7-22.host.com   <none>           <none>
    nginx-ds-vvsz7   1/1     Running   1          2d    172.7.21.2   hdss7-21.host.com   <none>           <none>
    [root@hdss7-21 src]# curl -I 172.7.22.2
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.17.6
    Date: Thu, 09 Jan 2020 14:55:21 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 612
    Last-Modified: Tue, 19 Nov 2019 12:50:08 GMT
    Connection: keep-alive
    ETag: "5dd3e500-264"
    Accept-Ranges: bytes

5.1.5. 解决pod间IP透传问题

所有Node上操作，即优化NAT网络

# 从pod a跨宿主机访问pod b时，在pod b中能看到的地址为 pod a 宿主机地址
    [root@nginx-ds-jdp7q /]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
    10.4.7.22 - - [13/Jan/2020:13:13:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    10.4.7.22 - - [13/Jan/2020:13:14:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    10.4.7.22 - - [13/Jan/2020:13:54:20 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    10.4.7.22 - - [13/Jan/2020:13:54:25 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables-save |grep POSTROUTING|grep docker # 引发问题的规则
    -A POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# yum install -y iptables-services
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# systemctl start iptables.service ; systemctl enable iptables.service
    # 需要处理的规则：
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables-save |grep POSTROUTING|grep docker
    -A POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables-save | grep -i reject
    -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    # 处理方式：
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -d 172.7.0.0/16 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
    
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables -t filter -D INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables -t filter -D FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# 此时跨宿主机访问pod时，显示pod的IP
    [root@nginx-ds-jdp7q /]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  
    172.7.22.2 - - [13/Jan/2020:14:15:39 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    172.7.22.2 - - [13/Jan/2020:14:15:47 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    172.7.22.2 - - [13/Jan/2020:14:15:48 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
    172.7.22.2 - - [13/Jan/2020:14:15:48 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

### 5.2. CoreDNS ###

CoreDNS用于实现 service --> cluster IP 的DNS解析。以容器的方式交付到k8s集群，由k8s自行管理，降低人为操作的复杂度。

5.2.1. 配置yaml文件库

在hdss7-200中配置yaml文件库，后期通过Http方式去使用yaml清单文件。

*  配置nginx虚拟主机( hdss7-200 )

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/k8s-yaml.od.com.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  k8s-yaml.od.com;
    
        location / {
            autoindex on;
            default_type text/plain;
            root /data/k8s-yaml;
        }
    }
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# mkdir /data/k8s-yaml;
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# nginx -qt && nginx -s reload

*  配置dns解析(hdss7-11)

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone 
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# cat /var/named/od.com.zone
    $ORIGIN od.com.
    $TTL 600    ; 10 minutes
    @           IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                    2020011301 ; serial
                    10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                    900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                    604800     ; expire (1 week)
                    86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                    )
                    NS   dns.od.com.
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
    dns                A    10.4.7.11
    harbor             A    10.4.7.200
    k8s-yaml           A    10.4.7.200
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl restart named

5.2.2. coredns的资源清单文件

清单文件存放到 hdss7-200:/data/k8s-yaml/coredns/coredns\_1.6.1/

*  rabc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: coredns
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
          kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
          addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRole
    metadata:
      labels:
        kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
      name: system:coredns
    rules:
    - apiGroups:
      - ""
      resources:
      - endpoints
      - services
      - pods
      - namespaces
      verbs:
      - list
      - watch
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      annotations:
        rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
      labels:
        kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
      name: system:coredns
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: system:coredns
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: coredns
      namespace: kube-system

*  configmap.yaml

apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: coredns
      namespace: kube-system
    data:
      Corefile: |
        .:53 {
            errors
            log
            health
            ready
            kubernetes cluster.local 192.168.0.0/16
            forward . 10.4.7.11
            cache 30
            loop
            reload
            loadbalance
        }

*  deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: coredns
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: coredns
        kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: coredns
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: coredns
        spec:
          priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
          serviceAccountName: coredns
          containers:
          - name: coredns
            image: harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
            args:
            - -conf
            - /etc/coredns/Corefile
            volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/coredns
            ports:
            - containerPort: 53
              name: dns
              protocol: UDP
            - containerPort: 53
              name: dns-tcp
              protocol: TCP
            - containerPort: 9153
              name: metrics
              protocol: TCP
            livenessProbe:
              httpGet:
                path: /health
                port: 8080
                scheme: HTTP
              initialDelaySeconds: 60
              timeoutSeconds: 5
              successThreshold: 1
              failureThreshold: 5
          dnsPolicy: Default
          volumes:
            - name: config-volume
              configMap:
                name: coredns
                items:
                - key: Corefile
                  path: Corefile

*  service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: coredns
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: coredns
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
        kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
    spec:
      selector:
        k8s-app: coredns
      clusterIP: 192.168.0.2
      ports:
      - name: dns
        port: 53
        protocol: UDP
      - name: dns-tcp
        port: 53
      - name: metrics
        port: 9153
        protocol: TCP

5.2.3. 交付coredns到K8s

# 准备镜像
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker pull coredns/coredns:1.6.1
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image tag coredns/coredns:1.6.1 harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image push harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1

# 交付coredns
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/coredns_1.6.1/rbac.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/coredns_1.6.1/configmap.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/coredns_1.6.1/deployment.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/coredns_1.6.1/service.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get all -n kube-system -o wide
    NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    pod/coredns-6b6c4f9648-4vtcl   1/1     Running   0          38s   172.7.21.3   hdss7-21.host.com   <none>           <none>
    
    NAME              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE   SELECTOR
    service/coredns   ClusterIP   192.168.0.2   <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   29s   k8s-app=coredns
    
    NAME                      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                                SELECTOR
    deployment.apps/coredns   1/1     1            1           39s   coredns      harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1   k8s-app=coredns
    
    NAME                                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                                SELECTOR
    replicaset.apps/coredns-6b6c4f9648   1         1         1       39s   coredns      harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1   k8s-app=coredns,pod-template-hash=6b6c4f9648

5.2.4. 测试dns

# 创建service
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx-web --image=harbor.od.com/public/nginx:src_1.14.2
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-web --port=80 --target-port=80 
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get svc
    NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
    kubernetes   ClusterIP   192.168.0.1       <none>        443/TCP   8d
    nginx-web    ClusterIP   192.168.164.230   <none>        80/TCP    8s
    # 测试DNS，集群外必须使用FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)，全域名
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# dig -t A nginx-web.default.svc.cluster.local @192.168.0.2 +short # 内网解析OK
    192.168.164.230
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# dig -t A www.baidu.com @192.168.0.2 +short # 外网解析OK
    www.a.shifen.com.
    180.101.49.11
    180.101.49.12

### 5.3. Ingress-Controller ###

service是将一组pod管理起来，提供了一个cluster ip和service name的统一访问入口，屏蔽了pod的ip变化。        ingress 是一种基于七层的流量转发策略，即将符合条件的域名或者location流量转发到特定的service上，而ingress仅仅是一种规则，k8s内部并没有自带代理程序完成这种规则转发。

ingress-controller 是一个代理服务器，将ingress的规则能真正实现的方式，常用的有 nginx,traefik,haproxy。但是在k8s集群中，建议使用traefik，性能比haroxy强大，更新配置不需要重载服务，是首选的ingress-controller。github地址：[https://github.com/containous/traefik][https_github.com_containous_traefik]

5.3.1. 配置traefik资源清单

清单文件存放到 hdss7-200:/data/k8s-yaml/traefik/traefik\_1.7.2

*  rbac.yaml

apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: ClusterRole
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - services
          - endpoints
          - secrets
        verbs:
          - get
          - list
          - watch
      - apiGroups:
          - extensions
        resources:
          - ingresses
        verbs:
          - get
          - list
          - watch
    ---
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
      namespace: kube-system

*  daemonset.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: DaemonSet
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress
    spec:
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: traefik-ingress
            name: traefik-ingress
        spec:
          serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
          terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
          containers:
          - image: harbor.od.com/public/traefik:v1.7.2
            name: traefik-ingress
            ports:
            - name: controller
              containerPort: 80
              hostPort: 81
            - name: admin-web
              containerPort: 8080
            securityContext:
              capabilities:
                drop:
                - ALL
                add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            args:
            - --api
            - --kubernetes
            - --logLevel=INFO
            - --insecureskipverify=true
            - --kubernetes.endpoint=https://10.4.7.10:7443
            - --accesslog
            - --accesslog.filepath=/var/log/traefik_access.log
            - --traefiklog
            - --traefiklog.filepath=/var/log/traefik.log
            - --metrics.prometheus

*  service.yaml

kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-service
      namespace: kube-system
    spec:
      selector:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress
      ports:
        - protocol: TCP
          port: 80
          name: controller
        - protocol: TCP
          port: 8080
          name: admin-web

*  ingress.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: traefik-web-ui
      namespace: kube-system
      annotations:
        kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
    spec:
      rules:
      - host: traefik.od.com
        http:
          paths:
            - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: traefik-ingress-service
              servicePort: 8080

*  准备镜像

[root@hdss7-200 traefik_1.7.2]# docker pull traefik:v1.7.2-alpine
    [root@hdss7-200 traefik_1.7.2]# docker image tag traefik:v1.7.2-alpine harbor.od.com/public/traefik:v1.7.2
    [root@hdss7-200 traefik_1.7.2]# docker push harbor.od.com/public/traefik:v1.7.2

5.3.2. 交付traefik到k8s

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/traefik_1.7.2/rbac.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/traefik_1.7.2/daemonset.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/traefik_1.7.2/service.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/traefik_1.7.2/ingress.yaml

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
    NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    coredns-6b6c4f9648-4vtcl   1/1     Running   1          24h   172.7.21.3   hdss7-21.host.com   <none>           <none>
    traefik-ingress-4gm4w      1/1     Running   0          77s   172.7.21.5   hdss7-21.host.com   <none>           <none>
    traefik-ingress-hwr2j      1/1     Running   0          77s   172.7.22.3   hdss7-22.host.com   <none>           <none>
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get ds -n kube-system 
    NAME              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
    traefik-ingress   2         2         2       2            2           <none>          107s

5.3.3. 配置外部nginx负载均衡

*  在hdss7-11,hdss7-12 配置nginx L7转发

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/od.com.conf
    server {
        server_name *.od.com;
      
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://default_backend_traefik;
            proxy_set_header Host       $http_host;
            proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
    
    upstream default_backend_traefik {
        # 所有的nodes都放到upstream中
        server 10.4.7.21:81    max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
        server 10.4.7.22:81    max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
    }
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# nginx -tq && nginx -s reload

*  配置dns解析

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone 
    $ORIGIN od.com.
    $TTL 600    ; 10 minutes
    @           IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                    2020011302 ; serial
                    10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                    900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                    604800     ; expire (1 week)
                    86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                    )
                    NS   dns.od.com.
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
    dns                A    10.4.7.11
    harbor             A    10.4.7.200
    k8s-yaml           A    10.4.7.200
    traefik            A    10.4.7.10
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl restart named

*  查看traefik网页

![image][image 8]

### 5.4. dashboard ###

5.4.1. 配置资源清单

清单文件存放到 hdss7-200:/data/k8s-yaml/dashboard/dashboard\_1.10.1

*  准备镜像

# 镜像准备       
    # 因不可描述原因，无法访问k8s.gcr.io，改成registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image tag f9aed6605b81 harbor.od.com/public/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
    [root@hdss7-200 ~]# docker image push harbor.od.com/public/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1

*  rbac.yaml

# 当前为dashboard的默认权限
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    kind: Role
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
      namespace: kube-system
    rules:
      # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["secrets"]
      resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
      verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
      # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["configmaps"]
      resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
      verbs: ["get", "update"]
      # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["services"]
      resourceNames: ["heapster"]
      verbs: ["proxy"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["services/proxy"]
      resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
      verbs: ["get"]
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: RoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: Role
      name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system

*  deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
          annotations:
            scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
        spec:
          priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
          containers:
          - name: kubernetes-dashboard
            image: harbor.od.com/public/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
            resources:
              limits:
                cpu: 100m
                memory: 300Mi
              requests:
                cpu: 50m
                memory: 100Mi
            ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
            args:
              # PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ARGS HERE
              - --auto-generate-certificates
            volumeMounts:
            - name: tmp-volume
              mountPath: /tmp
            livenessProbe:
              httpGet:
                scheme: HTTPS
                path: /
                port: 8443
              initialDelaySeconds: 30
              timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumes:
          - name: tmp-volume
            emptyDir: {}
          serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
          tolerations:
          - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
            operator: "Exists"

*  service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
        addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    spec:
      selector:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      ports:
      - port: 443
        targetPort: 8443

*  ingress.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system
      annotations:
        kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
    spec:
      rules:
      - host: dashboard.od.com
        http:
          paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
              servicePort: 443

5.4.2. 交付dashboard到k8s

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/rbac.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/deployment.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/service.yaml
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/ingress.yaml

5.4.3. 配置DNS解析

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone 
    $ORIGIN od.com.
    $TTL 600    ; 10 minutes
    @           IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                    2020011303 ; serial
                    10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                    900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                    604800     ; expire (1 week)
                    86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                    )
                    NS   dns.od.com.
    $TTL 60 ; 1 minute
    dns                A    10.4.7.11
    harbor             A    10.4.7.200
    k8s-yaml           A    10.4.7.200
    traefik            A    10.4.7.10
    dashboard          A    10.4.7.10
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# systemctl restart named.service

5.4.4. 签发SSL证书

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out dashboard.od.com.key 2048)
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.od.com.key -out dashboard.od.com.csr -subj "/CN=dashboard.od.com/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=Beijing/O=OldboyEdu/OU=ops"
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# openssl x509 -req -in dashboard.od.com.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out dashboard.od.com.crt -days 3650
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# ll dashboard.od.com.*
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1196 Jan 29 20:52 dashboard.od.com.crt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1005 Jan 29 20:51 dashboard.od.com.csr
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan 29 20:51 dashboard.od.com.key
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp dashboard.od.com.key dashboard.od.com.crt hdss7-11:/etc/nginx/certs/  
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# scp dashboard.od.com.key dashboard.od.com.crt hdss7-12:/etc/nginx/certs/

5.4.5. 配置Nginx

# hdss7-11和hdss7-12都需要操作
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dashborad.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  dashboard.od.com;
        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://${server_name}$1 permanent;
    }
    
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  dashboard.od.com;
    
        ssl_certificate "certs/dashboard.od.com.crt";
        ssl_certificate_key "certs/dashboard.od.com.key";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://default_backend_traefik;
            proxy_set_header Host       $http_host;
            proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
    [root@hdss7-11 ~]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload

![image][image 9]

5.4.6. 测试token登陆

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep kubernetes-dashboard-token
    kubernetes-dashboard-token-hr5rj         kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      17m
    [root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-hr5rj -n kube-system|grep ^token
    token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.SDUZEkH_N0B6rjm6bW_jN03F4pHCPafL3uKD2HU0ksM0oenB2425jxvfi16rUbTRCsfcGqYXRrE2x15gpb03fb3jJy-IhnInUnPrw6ZwEdqWagen_Z4tdFhUgCpdjdShHy40ZPfql_iuVKbvv7ASt8w8v13Ar3FxztyDyLScVO3rNEezT7JUqMI4yj5LYQ0IgpSXoH12tlDSTyX8Rk2a_3QlOM_yT5GB_GEZkwIESttQKVr7HXSCrQ2tEdYA4cYO2AbF1NgAo_CVBNNvZLvdDukWiQ_b5zwOiO0cUbbiu46x_p6gjNWzVb7zHNro4gh0Shr4hIhiRQot2DJ-sq94Ag

![image][image 10]

参考资料：

# 01-1-二进制方式安装 #

## 1. 实验环境 ##

![image][]

![image][image 1]

![image][image 2]

## 2. 安装前准备 ##

### 2.1. 环境准备 ###

**所有机器**都需要执行

### 2.2. bind安装 ###

2.2.1. hdss7-11 安装bind

[root@hdss7-11 ~]# yum install -y bind

2.2.2. hdss7-11 配置bind

*  主配置文件

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 配置区域文件

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 配置主机域文件

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 配置业务域文件

*  在 hdss7-11.host.com 启动bind服务，并测试

2.2.3. 修改主机DNS

*  修改**所有主机**的dns服务器地址

*  本次实验环境使用的是虚拟机，因此也要对windows宿主机NAT网卡DNS进行修改

![image][image 3]

![image][image 4]

### 2.3. 根证书准备 ###

*  在 hdss7-200 下载工具

*  在 hdss7-200 签发根证书

### 2.4. docker环境准备 ###

需要安装docker的机器：hdss7-21 hdss7-22 hdss7-200，以hdss7-21为例

### 2.5. harbor安装 ###

参考地址：[https://www.yuque.com/duduniao/trp3ic/ohrxds\#9Zpxx][https_www.yuque.com_duduniao_trp3ic_ohrxds_9Zpxx]

官方地址：[https://goharbor.io/][https_goharbor.io]

下载地址：[https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases][https_github.com_goharbor_harbor_releases]

2.5.1. hdss7-200 安装harbor

*  设置harbor开机启动

[root@hdss7-200 harbor]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local  # 增加以下内容
    # start harbor
    cd /opt/apps/harbor
    /usr/bin/docker-compose stop
    /usr/bin/docker-compose start

2.5.2. hdss7-200 安装nginx

*  安装Nginx反向代理harbor

*  hdss7-11 配置DNS解析

![image][image 5]

*  新建项目: public

![image][image 6]

*  测试harbor

![image][image 7]

## 3. 主控节点安装 ##

### 3.1. etcd安装 ###

etcd 的leader选举机制，要求至少为3台或以上的奇数台。本次安装涉及：hdss7-12，hdss7-21，hdss7-22

3.1.1. 签发etcd证书

证书签发服务器 hdss7-200:

*  创建ca的json配置: /opt/certs/ca-config.json

*  创建etcd证书配置：/opt/certs/etcd-peer-csr.json

重点在hosts上，将所有可能的etcd服务器添加到host列表，不能使用网段，新增etcd服务器需要重新签发证书

*  签发证书

3.1.2. 安装etcd

etcd地址：[https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/][https_github.com_etcd-io_etcd]

实验使用版本: [etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz][]

本次安装涉及：hdss7-12，hdss7-21，hdss7-22

*  下载etcd

*  下发证书到各个etcd上

[root@hdss7-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
    [root@hdss7-200 certs]# for i in 12 21 22;do scp ca.pem etcd-peer.pem etcd-peer-key.pem hdss7-${i}:/opt/apps/etcd/certs/ ;done

*  创建启动脚本(部分参数每台机器不同)

[root@hdss7-12 ~]# chmod u+x /opt/apps/etcd/etcd-server-startup.sh
    [root@hdss7-12 ~]# chown -R etcd.etcd /opt/apps/etcd/ /data/etcd /data/logs/etcd-server

3.1.3. 启动etcd

因为这些进程都是要启动为后台进程，要么手动启动，要么采用后台进程管理工具，实验中使用后台管理工具

*  etcd 进程状态查看

*  etcd 启停方式

### 3.2. apiserver 安装 ###

3.2.1. 下载kubernetes服务端

aipserver 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

下载 kubernetes 二进制版本包需要科学上网工具

3.2.2. 签发证书

签发证书 涉及的服务器：hdss7-200

*  签发client证书（apiserver和etcd通信证书）

*  签发server证书（apiserver和其它k8s组件通信使用）

*  证书下发

3.2.3. 配置apiserver日志审计

aipserver 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

3.2.4. 配置启动脚本

aipserver 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

*  创建启动脚本

*  配置supervisor启动配置

*  启停apiserver

*  查看进程

### 3.3. 配置apiserver L4代理 ###

3.3.1. nginx配置

L4 代理涉及的服务器：hdss7-11，hdss7-12

3.3.2. keepalived配置

aipserver L4 代理涉及的服务器：hdss7-11，hdss7-12

*  安装keepalive

*  配置主节点：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

**主节点中，必须加上** **nopreempt**

keepalived 的日志输出配置此处省略，生产中需要进行处理。

*  配置备节点：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

*  启动keepalived

### 3.4. controller-manager 安装 ###

controller-manager 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

controller-manager 设置为只调用当前机器的 apiserver，走127.0.0.1网卡，因此不配制SSL证书

### 3.5. kube-scheduler安装 ###

kube-scheduler 涉及的服务器：hdss7-21，hdss7-22

kube-scheduler 设置为只调用当前机器的 apiserver，走127.0.0.1网卡，因此不配制SSL证书

### 3.6. 检查主控节点状态 ###

--------------------

## 4. 运算节点部署 ##

### 4.1. kubelet 部署 ###

4.1.1. 签发证书

证书签发在 hdss7-200 操作

4.1.2. 创建kubelet配置

kubelet配置在 hdss7-21 hdss7-22 操作

*  set-cluster  \# 创建需要连接的集群信息，可以创建多个k8s集群信息

*  set-credentials  \# 创建用户账号，即用户登陆使用的客户端私有和证书，可以创建多个证书

*  set-context  \# 设置context，即确定账号和集群对应关系

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config set-context myk8s-context \
    --cluster=myk8s \
    --user=k8s-node \
    --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.kubeconfig

*  use-context  \# 设置当前使用哪个context

[root@hdss7-21 ~]# kubectl config use-context myk8s-context --kubeconfig=/opt/apps/kubernetes/conf/kubelet.kubeconfig

4.1.3. 授权k8s-node用户

**此步骤只需要在一台master节点执行**

授权 k8s-node 用户绑定集群角色 system:node ，让 k8s-node 成为具备运算节点的权限。

4.1.4. 装备pause镜像

将pause镜像放入到harbor私有仓库中，仅在 hdss7-200 操作：

4.1.5. 创建启动脚本

在node节点创建脚本并启动kubelet，涉及服务器： hdss7-21  hdss7-22

4.1.6. 修改节点角色

使用 kubectl get nodes 获取的Node节点角色为空，可以按照以下方式修改

### 4.2. kube-proxy部署 ###

4.2.1. 签发证书

证书签发在 hdss7-200 操作

4.2.2. 创建kube-proxy配置

在所有node节点创建，涉及服务器：hdss7-21 ，hdss7-22

4.2.3. 加载ipvs模块

kube-proxy 共有3种流量调度模式，分别是 namespace，iptables，ipvs，其中ipvs性能最好。

4.2.4. 创建启动脚本

4.2.5. 验证集群

--------------------

## 5. 核心插件部署 ##

### 5.1. CNI网络插件 ###

5.1.1. 安装Flannel

github地址：[https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases][https_github.com_coreos_flannel_releases]

涉及的机器 hdss7-21,hdss7-22

5.1.2. 拷贝证书

5.1.3. 创建启动脚本

涉及的机器 hdss7-21,hdss7-22

5.1.4. 验证跨网络访问

5.1.5. 解决pod间IP透传问题

所有Node上操作，即优化NAT网络

### 5.2. CoreDNS ###

CoreDNS用于实现 service --> cluster IP 的DNS解析。以容器的方式交付到k8s集群，由k8s自行管理，降低人为操作的复杂度。

5.2.1. 配置yaml文件库

在hdss7-200中配置yaml文件库，后期通过Http方式去使用yaml清单文件。

*  配置nginx虚拟主机( hdss7-200 )

*  配置dns解析(hdss7-11)

5.2.2. coredns的资源清单文件

清单文件存放到 hdss7-200:/data/k8s-yaml/coredns/coredns\_1.6.1/

*  rabc.yaml

*  configmap.yaml

*  deployment.yaml

*  service.yaml

5.2.3. 交付coredns到K8s

5.2.4. 测试dns

### 5.3. Ingress-Controller ###

5.3.1. 配置traefik资源清单

清单文件存放到 hdss7-200:/data/k8s-yaml/traefik/traefik\_1.7.2

*  rbac.yaml

*  daemonset.yaml

*  service.yaml

*  ingress.yaml

*  准备镜像

5.3.2. 交付traefik到k8s

5.3.3. 配置外部nginx负载均衡

*  在hdss7-11,hdss7-12 配置nginx L7转发

*  配置dns解析

*  查看traefik网页

![image][image 8]

### 5.4. dashboard ###

5.4.1. 配置资源清单

清单文件存放到 hdss7-200:/data/k8s-yaml/dashboard/dashboard\_1.10.1

*  准备镜像

*  rbac.yaml

*  deployment.yaml

*  service.yaml

*  ingress.yaml

5.4.2. 交付dashboard到k8s

5.4.3. 配置DNS解析

5.4.4. 签发SSL证书

5.4.5. 配置Nginx

![image][image 9]

5.4.6. 测试token登陆

![image][image 10]

*  参考资料：[https://www.yuque.com/docs/share/2d564ecf-df70-4765-81c7-21d0e00773f0][https_www.yuque.com_docs_share_2d564ecf-df70-4765-81c7-21d0e00773f0]

[image]: /images/20221120/4252571878a549a3855c1e1d83149383.png
[image 1]: /images/20221120/13584ba2828946378d8b7de2627f9fa1.png
[image 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0c84d525c840bc4714f156332f91aed3.png
[image 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4134c4b6434448b272a9e9360fa01309.png
[image 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4214319b73c578fe1fc0228aad34f6b0.png
[https_www.yuque.com_duduniao_trp3ic_ohrxds_9Zpxx]: https://www.yuque.com/duduniao/trp3ic/ohrxds#9Zpxx
[https_goharbor.io]: https://goharbor.io/
[https_github.com_goharbor_harbor_releases]: https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases
[image 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/11d25e51996bf2e93794f72ebc427ea5.png
[image 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/198a1de4d12a9b2b8b26503c7478cfdc.png
[image 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/edaf6634f87417286f127753694a1ffb.png
[https_github.com_etcd-io_etcd]: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/
[etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.1.20/etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes_tags]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tags
[https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes_releases_tag_v1.15.2]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases/tag/v1.15.2
[https_github.com_kubernetes_kubernetes_blob_master_CHANGELOG-1.15.md_downloads-for-v1152]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md#downloads-for-v1152
[https_dl.k8s.io_v1.15.2_kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[https_github.com_coreos_flannel_releases]: https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases
[https_github.com_containous_traefik]: https://github.com/containous/traefik
[image 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ec71899faa671bec5e201673952e1653.png
[image 9]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0c90de43ee1f2f211d88d6bc384801b4.png
[image 10]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9c20364b9afed5c4cf79c8425a7865c7.png
[https_www.yuque.com_docs_share_2d564ecf-df70-4765-81c7-21d0e00773f0]: https://www.yuque.com/docs/share/2d564ecf-df70-4765-81c7-21d0e00773f0