OrangePi PC 玩Linux主线内核踩坑之旅（二）之制作镜像后的查遗补缺

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2022-12-29 04:54 205阅读 0赞

# 一、查遗补缺之SSH连接到香橙派 #

上一篇我们讲到，为了可以使用SSH连接到香橙派，我们勾选了dropbear软件包，这是一个轻量级的SSH软件，包含了客户端和服务端\[1\]。如何使用呢？在上一篇的末尾，PuTTY界面上，我们输入root并回车登录香橙派，然后立即修改root的密码

Starting network: [    2.671965] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: PHY [0.1:01] driver [Generic PHY] (irq=POLL)
    [    2.698792] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: No Safety Features support found
    [    2.706155] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: No MAC Management Counters available
    [    2.715218] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: PTP not supported by HW
    [    2.721938] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: configuring for phy/mii link mode
    [    2.730703] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control off
    udhcpc: started, v1.32.0
    udhcpc: sending discover
    udhcpc: sending discover
    udhcpc: sending select for 192.168.1.53
    udhcpc: lease of 192.168.1.53 obtained, lease time 86400
    deleting routers
    adding dns 192.168.1.1
    OK
    Starting dropbear sshd: OK
    
    Welcome to Buildroot for the Orange Pi PC
    OrangePi_PC login: root
    # passwd root
    Changing password for root
    New password:
    Bad password: too short
    Retype password:
    passwd: password for root changed by root
    #

由上面可以看出，网卡已经启动并成功动态获取到了IP地址。下面使用dropbearkey来生成key文件。

# dropbearkey -t rsa -f /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key
    Generating 2048 bit rsa key, this may take a while...
    Public key portion is:
    ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCAla4zmSlhrhIoN9MG1U4lNfdtNl7AVdTc9UazlsHZ7nfIargg6mtt4FTI+Xktfq+xWnvT+9m8lwgLblybYjYn95BG48cOEeZsIG1x6gmb35Gh21eql+xc8kvQ5ADKq3YSyfYgWvtNI9Eo2S3u+NJ+wbTHZbX/Up5pZUfbwbN2Hq2bX92ZWSWbGk4KCmtIItBmW05L0SZs9YO8CS7+vDF4jjZR0CuAVjkQJmHi8gYUMb56RR66lFp1C08vCBtZJnproxm60s6KPtDJ8C0r5L8BtA8FQZImfusNnDDqXbqxv+yIJi/7OIMiRVexkHKFlOYlDZpieWsP0QjTPLPoXAIL root@OrangePi_PC
    Fingerprint: sha1!! 56:3c:09:7a:31:55:dc:56:c5:6c:18:2e:e0:b9:91:f0:61:1a:6f:fb
    #

现在关闭PuTTY，打开终端使用SSH连接香橙派

dpmicro@dpmicro-PC:~/Desktop$ ssh 192.168.1.53 -l root
    The authenticity of host '192.168.1.53 (192.168.1.53)' can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:q7n7pkav3Ew2eAbuLir0/7E3BxJfH03GSMf+Yl/bxho.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
    Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.53' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
    root@192.168.1.53's password: 
    # pwd
    /root
    #

好了，可以甩开你的USB转串口线了！

# 二、查遗补缺之TF卡扩容 #

不知道大家发现没，不管你用多大容量的TF卡，写入镜像后可用空间似乎很小。

# df -h
    Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
    /dev/root                54.1M      5.1M     44.8M  10% /
    devtmpfs                494.1M         0    494.1M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                   502.6M         0    502.6M   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                   502.6M     36.0K    502.5M   0% /tmp
    tmpfs                   502.6M     24.0K    502.6M   0% /run

看上去只有40M多可以使用。

# fdisk -l
    Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7744 MB, 8120172544 bytes, 15859712 sectors
    247808 cylinders, 4 heads, 16 sectors/track
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    
    Device       Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
    /dev/mmcblk0p1 *  0,32,33     1,102,37          2048      22527      20480 10.0M  c Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
    /dev/mmcblk0p2    1,102,38    66,171,41        22528    1071103    1048576  512M 83 Linux

看到这里更觉着诡异，明明mmcblk0p2分区有512M的空间啊。可是也不对哦，我的TF卡可是8G的，上面也显示磁盘容量为7744MB。这些空间都去哪儿了呢？我们把TF卡插入读卡器，在电脑上一探究竟。

![20201220153717849.png][]

这个10MB卷倒是没有什么问题。rootfs卷显示总共512MB，已用5.1MB。我们使用分区编辑器进一步查看。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

这下真相大白了，是有7.05GB的空间压根没分配。我们再看sdc2分区，已用+未用=60M，这个数值似乎在哪里见过？没错，就是在下面的配置里

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

这个配置规定了文件系统的大小。那么512M又从何而来呢？查看buildroot-2020.11/board/orangepi/orangepi-pc/genimage.cfg文件

> \# Minimal SD card image for the OrangePi PC  
> \#  
> image boot.vfat \{  
>         vfat \{  
>                 files = \{  
>                         "zImage",  
>                         "sun8i-h3-orangepi-pc.dtb",  
>                         "boot.scr"  
>                 \}  
>         \}  
>         size = 10M  
> \}
> 
> image sdcard.img \{  
>         hdimage \{  
>         \}
> 
>         partition u-boot \{  
>                 in-partition-table = "no"  
>                 image = "u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin"  
>                 offset = 8192  
>                 size = 1040384 \# 1MB - 8192  
>         \}
> 
>         partition boot \{  
>                 partition-type = 0xC  
>                 bootable = "true"  
>                 image = "boot.vfat"  
>         \}
> 
>         partition rootfs \{  
>                 partition-type = 0x83  
>                 image = "rootfs.ext4"  
>                 size = 512M  
>         \}  
> \}

由此可见，512M是物理分区大小，而60M是逻辑分区大小。如何才能使用全部的容量呢？是不是需要修改上述配置呢？当然可以，但是换用不同容量的TF卡就修改一次配置文件并生成一次镜像未免有些费事。

在分区编辑器上右击sdc2选择卸载

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

再次右击选择检查，并点击应用。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

此时可以看到，sdc2空间已扩充至全部的512M。下面点击调整大小/移动

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

将新的容量修改为最大数值，点击调整大小/移动，最后点击应用。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

可以看到，至此已完成扩容。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

# 参考文献 #

\[1\][https://baike.baidu.com/item/dropbear][https_baike.baidu.com_item_dropbear]

[20201220153717849.png]: /images/20221120/016dc3ddfa11467aaeb2f1fd6ed7e951.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220154610146.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220155053768.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220160039780.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220160244106.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220160633138.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020122016083524.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220161033963.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3JlbnBlbmcwMDk2NzI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_dropbear]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/dropbear