(cobbler+pxe)集群快速部署linux(实战)

小灰灰 2022-12-25 04:55 247阅读 0赞

### cobbler+pxe实机部署 ###

*  需求场景
 *  网络环境
 *  cobbler所需组件介绍
 *   *  基本环境部署
     *  DHCP配置
     *  部署Centos7

# 需求场景 #

实验室有多台服务器在机柜里，如果一台一台装，会十分麻烦。给出解决方案。cobbler+pxe

# 网络环境 #

服务器由一台三层交换机管理,分2个vlan.
    如有使用路由器，记得关闭路由器dhcp功能
    地址段为，192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24
    服务器有2张网卡，默认使用第一张。
    在部署前需关闭交换机DHCP功能。

# cobbler所需组件介绍 #

`需部署的服务`

cobbler （cobbler 的核心）
    httpd （提供 cobbler 的 web 界面）
    dhcpd （为自动安装系统分配 IP 地址）
    epel-release（为之提供yum源）
    rsync （cobbler 需要同步信息）
    cobbler-web （cobbler 的一个 web 插件）
    xinetd （为 rsync 和 tftp 的守护进程）
    tftp （传送安装的一些文件的 类似ftp）

## 基本环境部署 ##

1.关闭防火墙和 selinux

systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

2.cobbler 安装

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd

3.加入开机自启并启动

systemctl enable httpd cobblerd
    systemctl start httpd cobblerd

4.满足部署要求

输入cobbler check，会出现很多提示，我们一一解决

如下:

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
    
    1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
    2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
    3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
    5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
    6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
    7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
    8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
    9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
    
    Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.</font>

这里我们设置为可以动态配置

sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/c\allow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings
    grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings 
    systemctl restart cobblerd
    
    开始解决问题
    1.`cobbler setting edit --name=server --value=你当前服务器ip地址`
    2.`cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=你当前服务器ip地址`
    3.sed -ri '/disable/c\disable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
      systemctl enable xinetd
      systemctl restart xinetd
    4. cobbler get-loaders
    5. systemctl start rsyncd
       systemctl enable rsyncd
    6.可选
    7.yum -y install pykickstart
    8.重装后系统的默认密码配置
      openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` '000000'(密码6个0)
      $1$5b2b9b6c$jS20zul6Vx0eoeu.ejFKo0(复制这个)
      cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value=''$1$5b2b9b6c$jS20zul6Vx0eoeu.ejFKo0"
    9.yum -y install fence-agents

## DHCP配置 ##

cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1
    vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

直接修改cobbler的dhcp配置，他会直接覆盖  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201206145341702.png]  
同步cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等

cobbler sync

这个时候可以新建一个虚拟机，桥接模式测试下是否出现如下页面,注意不要挂载光驱  
(此页面为成功页面)![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmdvZmxvbmdldml0eQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 部署Centos7 ##

首先你需要上传镜像
    我这里的镜像为:	Centos7-2009-x86_64
    挂载到任意目录

镜像导入cobbler命令

cobbler import --path=镜像路径 --name=centos7.9 --arch=x86_64

查看镜像

cobbler distro report --name=centos7.9-x86_64

写入安装脚本

vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

如下:

# Install OS instead of upgrade
    install
    # Use text mode install
    text
    # System keyboard
    keyboard us
    # System language
    lang en_US
    # System timezone
    timezone  Asia/ShangHai
    #Root password
    rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
    # System authorization information
    auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
    # Firewall configuration
    firewall --disabled
    # SELinux configuration
    selinux --disabled
    # Use network installation
    url --url=$tree
    
    # Clear the Master Boot Record
    zerombr
    # System bootloader configuration
    bootloader --location=mbr
    # Partition clearing information
    #建议自行修改分区
    clearpart --all --initlabel
    part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=1000
    part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048
    part / --fstype=xfs --grow --size=20000
    
    # If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
    $yum_repo_stanza
    # Network information
    $SNIPPET('network_config')
    # Do not configure the X Window System
    skipx
    # Run the Setup Agent on first boot
    firstboot --disable
    # Reboot after installation
    reboot
    
    
    %pre
    $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
    $SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
    $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
    # Enable installation monitoring
    $SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
    %end
    
    %packages
    $SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
    @core
    @base
    tree
    nmap
    wget
    lftp
    lrzsz
    telnet
    %end
    
    %post --nochroot
    $SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
    %end
    
    %post
    $SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
    # Start yum configuration
    $yum_config_stanza
    # End yum configuration
    $SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
    $SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
    $SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
    $SNIPPET('download_config_files')
    $SNIPPET('koan_environment')
    $SNIPPET('redhat_register')
    $SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
    # Enable post-install boot notification
    $SNIPPET('post_anamon')
    # Start final steps
    $SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
    # End final steps
    
    sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    %end

指定配置文件

cobbler profile edit --name=centos7.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

同步cobbler

cobbler sync

服务器重启BIOS开启pxe(测试机最低配置双核2G运)显示如下界面，回车，开始安装。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmdvZmxvbmdldml0eQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmdvZmxvbmdldml0eQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

[20201206145341702.png]: /images/20221120/b3d36cf2a2e44f328091b41169af1e65.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmdvZmxvbmdldml0eQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/5733a95f83c8472b8f5f0c687fa918ef.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmdvZmxvbmdldml0eQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221120/1ac7cf28198446b3919a917478bc6dc1.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmdvZmxvbmdldml0eQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221120/cea3f03bb93f40ea87d3895e5323762b.png