VC6实现OpenGL第一个例子

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-12-24 12:58 128阅读 0赞

有幸运在网上下载了一份 “OpenGL教程NeHe源代码1-48.zip“， 又恰好有NeHe的一份关于OpenGL的教材， 于是就用VC6开始实验，它其中的代码。

第一步：解压OpenGL教程NeHe源代码1-48.zip;

第二步：用VC6打开其中的Lesson01工程。

第三步：直接按F5键运行。

Lesson1.exe - 16 error(s), 0 warning(s)

直接显示16个错误。

那是什么原因呢？是因为工程在运行时没有OpenGL库的支持。 本来VC6是可以支持OpenGL的，但是你还得要把它链接上去才行，具体操作步骤是：

菜单---->Project---->Setings----> Object/library Modules -----> 在kernel32.lib的前面加上 OpenGL32.lib GLu32.lib GLaux.lib ，注意用空格隔开。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppbnRpbmdibw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

第四步：运行。还好，此时有两个错误。

Debug/Lesson1.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals  
Error executing link.exe.

Lesson1.exe - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)

产生错误的原因是：这个工程它只是一个console工程，不是一个win32的工程。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppbnRpbmdibw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

可以直接在Link中直接将它改为 win32的工程，具体的做法是：

将project- settings-link的project options里的 /subsystem:console改成 /subsystem:windows

再次运行：

我的屏幕分辨率被改了。 黑屏， 当然也说明成功了。 可以用ESC键退出，回到正常的屏幕状态。

成功！！！！附代码：

/\*  
\* This Code Was Created By Jeff Molofee 2000  
\* A HUGE Thanks To Fredric Echols For Cleaning Up  
\* And Optimizing This Code, Making It More Flexible!  
\* If You've Found This Code Useful, Please Let Me Know.  
\* Visit My Site At nehe.gamedev.net  
\*/

\#include <windows.h> // Header File For Windows  
\#include <gl\\gl.h> // Header File For The OpenGL32 Library  
\#include <gl\\glu.h> // Header File For The GLu32 Library  
\#include <gl\\glaux.h> // Header File For The Glaux Library

HDC hDC=NULL; // Private GDI Device Context  
HGLRC hRC=NULL; // Permanent Rendering Context  
HWND hWnd=NULL; // Holds Our Window Handle  
HINSTANCE hInstance; // Holds The Instance Of The Application

bool keys\[256\]; // Array Used For The Keyboard Routine  
bool active=TRUE; // Window Active Flag Set To TRUE By Default  
bool fullscreen=TRUE; // Fullscreen Flag Set To Fullscreen Mode By Default

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); // Declaration For WndProc

GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) // Resize And Initialize The GL Window  
\{  
if (height==0) // Prevent A Divide By Zero By  
\{  
height=1; // Making Height Equal One  
\}

glViewport(0,0,width,height); // Reset The Current Viewport

glMatrixMode(GL\_PROJECTION); // Select The Projection Matrix  
glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Projection Matrix

// Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window  
gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f);

glMatrixMode(GL\_MODELVIEW); // Select The Modelview Matrix  
glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Modelview Matrix  
\}

int InitGL(GLvoid) // All Setup For OpenGL Goes Here  
\{  
glShadeModel(GL\_SMOOTH); // Enable Smooth Shading  
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); // Black Background  
glClearDepth(1.0f); // Depth Buffer Setup  
glEnable(GL\_DEPTH\_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing  
glDepthFunc(GL\_LEQUAL); // The Type Of Depth Testing To Do  
glHint(GL\_PERSPECTIVE\_CORRECTION\_HINT, GL\_NICEST); // Really Nice Perspective Calculations  
return TRUE; // Initialization Went OK  
\}

int DrawGLScene(GLvoid) // Here's Where We Do All The Drawing  
\{  
glClear(GL\_COLOR\_BUFFER\_BIT | GL\_DEPTH\_BUFFER\_BIT); // Clear Screen And Depth Buffer  
glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix  
return TRUE; // Everything Went OK  
\}

GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid) // Properly Kill The Window  
\{  
if (fullscreen) // Are We In Fullscreen Mode?  
\{  
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0); // If So Switch Back To The Desktop  
ShowCursor(TRUE); // Show Mouse Pointer  
\}

if (hRC) // Do We Have A Rendering Context?  
\{  
if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL)) // Are We Able To Release The DC And RC Contexts?  
\{  
MessageBox(NULL,"Release Of DC And RC Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB\_OK | MB\_ICONINFORMATION);  
\}

if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) // Are We Able To Delete The RC?  
\{  
MessageBox(NULL,"Release Rendering Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB\_OK | MB\_ICONINFORMATION);  
\}  
hRC=NULL; // Set RC To NULL  
\}

if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC)) // Are We Able To Release The DC  
\{  
MessageBox(NULL,"Release Device Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB\_OK | MB\_ICONINFORMATION);  
hDC=NULL; // Set DC To NULL  
\}

if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd)) // Are We Able To Destroy The Window?  
\{  
MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Release hWnd.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB\_OK | MB\_ICONINFORMATION);  
hWnd=NULL; // Set hWnd To NULL  
\}

if (!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance)) // Are We Able To Unregister Class  
\{  
MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Unregister Class.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB\_OK | MB\_ICONINFORMATION);  
hInstance=NULL; // Set hInstance To NULL  
\}  
\}

/\* This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window. Parameters Are: \*  
\* title - Title To Appear At The Top Of The Window \*  
\* width - Width Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode \*  
\* height - Height Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode \*  
\* bits - Number Of Bits To Use For Color (8/16/24/32) \*  
\* fullscreenflag - Use Fullscreen Mode (TRUE) Or Windowed Mode (FALSE) \*/  
  
BOOL CreateGLWindow(char\* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag)  
\{  
GLuint PixelFormat; // Holds The Results After Searching For A Match  
WNDCLASS wc; // Windows Class Structure  
DWORD dwExStyle; // Window Extended Style  
DWORD dwStyle; // Window Style  
RECT WindowRect; // Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right Values  
WindowRect.left=(long)0; // Set Left Value To 0  
WindowRect.right=(long)width; // Set Right Value To Requested Width  
WindowRect.top=(long)0; // Set Top Value To 0  
WindowRect.bottom=(long)height; // Set Bottom Value To Requested Height

fullscreen=fullscreenflag; // Set The Global Fullscreen Flag

hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); // Grab An Instance For Our Window  
wc.style = CS\_HREDRAW | CS\_VREDRAW | CS\_OWNDC; // Redraw On Size, And Own DC For Window.  
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) WndProc; // WndProc Handles Messages  
wc.cbClsExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data  
wc.cbWndExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data  
wc.hInstance = hInstance; // Set The Instance  
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI\_WINLOGO); // Load The Default Icon  
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC\_ARROW); // Load The Arrow Pointer  
wc.hbrBackground = NULL; // No Background Required For GL  
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; // We Don't Want A Menu  
wc.lpszClassName = "OpenGL"; // Set The Class Name

if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) // Attempt To Register The Window Class  
\{  
MessageBox(NULL,"Failed To Register The Window Class.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}  
  
if (fullscreen) // Attempt Fullscreen Mode?  
\{  
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; // Device Mode  
memset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); // Makes Sure Memory's Cleared  
dmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings); // Size Of The Devmode Structure  
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; // Selected Screen Width  
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; // Selected Screen Height  
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits; // Selected Bits Per Pixel  
dmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM\_BITSPERPEL|DM\_PELSWIDTH|DM\_PELSHEIGHT;

// Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results. NOTE: CDS\_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar.  
if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS\_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP\_CHANGE\_SUCCESSFUL)  
\{  
// If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options. Quit Or Use Windowed Mode.  
if (MessageBox(NULL,"The Requested Fullscreen Mode Is Not Supported By\\nYour Video Card. Use Windowed Mode Instead?","NeHe GL",MB\_YESNO|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES)  
\{  
fullscreen=FALSE; // Windowed Mode Selected. Fullscreen = FALSE  
\}  
else  
\{  
// Pop Up A Message Box Letting User Know The Program Is Closing.  
MessageBox(NULL,"Program Will Now Close.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONSTOP);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}  
\}  
\}

if (fullscreen) // Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode?  
\{  
dwExStyle=WS\_EX\_APPWINDOW; // Window Extended Style  
dwStyle=WS\_POPUP; // Windows Style  
ShowCursor(FALSE); // Hide Mouse Pointer  
\}  
else  
\{  
dwExStyle=WS\_EX\_APPWINDOW | WS\_EX\_WINDOWEDGE; // Window Extended Style  
dwStyle=WS\_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; // Windows Style  
\}

AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle); // Adjust Window To True Requested Size

// Create The Window  
if (!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx( dwExStyle, // Extended Style For The Window  
"OpenGL", // Class Name  
title, // Window Title  
dwStyle | // Defined Window Style  
WS\_CLIPSIBLINGS | // Required Window Style  
WS\_CLIPCHILDREN, // Required Window Style  
0, 0, // Window Position  
WindowRect.right-WindowRect.left, // Calculate Window Width  
WindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top, // Calculate Window Height  
NULL, // No Parent Window  
NULL, // No Menu  
hInstance, // Instance  
NULL))) // Dont Pass Anything To WM\_CREATE  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Window Creation Error.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd= // pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be  
\{  
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor  
1, // Version Number  
PFD\_DRAW\_TO\_WINDOW | // Format Must Support Window  
PFD\_SUPPORT\_OPENGL | // Format Must Support OpenGL  
PFD\_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must Support Double Buffering  
PFD\_TYPE\_RGBA, // Request An RGBA Format  
bits, // Select Our Color Depth  
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Color Bits Ignored  
0, // No Alpha Buffer  
0, // Shift Bit Ignored  
0, // No Accumulation Buffer  
0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation Bits Ignored  
16, // 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer)  
0, // No Stencil Buffer  
0, // No Auxiliary Buffer  
PFD\_MAIN\_PLANE, // Main Drawing Layer  
0, // Reserved  
0, 0, 0 // Layer Masks Ignored  
\};  
  
if (!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd))) // Did We Get A Device Context?  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Device Context.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

if (!(PixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd))) // Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format?  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd)) // Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format?  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Set The PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

if (!(hRC=wglCreateContext(hDC))) // Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context?  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC)) // Try To Activate The Rendering Context  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

ShowWindow(hWnd,SW\_SHOW); // Show The Window  
SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); // Slightly Higher Priority  
SetFocus(hWnd); // Sets Keyboard Focus To The Window  
ReSizeGLScene(width, height); // Set Up Our Perspective GL Screen

if (!InitGL()) // Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window  
\{  
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display  
MessageBox(NULL,"Initialization Failed.","ERROR",MB\_OK|MB\_ICONEXCLAMATION);  
return FALSE; // Return FALSE  
\}

return TRUE; // Success  
\}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window  
UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window  
WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information  
LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information  
\{  
switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages  
\{  
case WM\_ACTIVATE: // Watch For Window Activate Message  
\{  
if (!HIWORD(wParam)) // Check Minimization State  
\{  
active=TRUE; // Program Is Active  
\}  
else  
\{  
active=FALSE; // Program Is No Longer Active  
\}

return 0; // Return To The Message Loop  
\}

case WM\_SYSCOMMAND: // Intercept System Commands  
\{  
switch (wParam) // Check System Calls  
\{  
case SC\_SCREENSAVE: // Screensaver Trying To Start?  
case SC\_MONITORPOWER: // Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave?  
return 0; // Prevent From Happening  
\}  
break; // Exit  
\}

case WM\_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message?  
\{  
PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message  
return 0; // Jump Back  
\}

case WM\_KEYDOWN: // Is A Key Being Held Down?  
\{  
keys\[wParam\] = TRUE; // If So, Mark It As TRUE  
return 0; // Jump Back  
\}

case WM\_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released?  
\{  
keys\[wParam\] = FALSE; // If So, Mark It As FALSE  
return 0; // Jump Back  
\}

case WM\_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window  
\{  
ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height  
return 0; // Jump Back  
\}  
\}

// Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc  
return DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);  
\}

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, // Instance  
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // Previous Instance  
LPSTR lpCmdLine, // Command Line Parameters  
int nCmdShow) // Window Show State  
\{  
MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure  
BOOL done=FALSE; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop

// Ask The User Which Screen Mode They Prefer  
if (MessageBox(NULL,"Would You Like To Run In Fullscreen Mode?", "Start FullScreen?",MB\_YESNO|MB\_ICONQUESTION)==IDNO)  
\{  
fullscreen=FALSE; // Windowed Mode  
\}

// Create Our OpenGL Window  
if (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's OpenGL Framework",640,480,16,fullscreen))  
\{  
return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created  
\}

while(!done) // Loop That Runs While done=FALSE  
\{  
if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM\_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting?  
\{  
if (msg.message==WM\_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message?  
\{  
done=TRUE; // If So done=TRUE  
\}  
else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages  
\{  
TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message  
DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message  
\}  
\}  
else // If There Are No Messages  
\{  
// Draw The Scene. Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene()  
if (active) // Program Active?  
\{  
if (keys\[VK\_ESCAPE\]) // Was ESC Pressed?  
\{  
done=TRUE; // ESC Signalled A Quit  
\}  
else // Not Time To Quit, Update Screen  
\{  
DrawGLScene(); // Draw The Scene  
SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering)  
\}  
\}

if (keys\[VK\_F1\]) // Is F1 Being Pressed?  
\{  
keys\[VK\_F1\]=FALSE; // If So Make Key FALSE  
KillGLWindow(); // Kill Our Current Window  
fullscreen=!fullscreen; // Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode  
// Recreate Our OpenGL Window  
if (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's OpenGL Framework",640,480,16,fullscreen))  
\{  
return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created  
\}  
\}  
\}  
\}

// Shutdown  
KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window  
return (msg.wParam); // Exit The Program  
\}

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppbnRpbmdibw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/bdc00ca0849244e3b51778d5799ac917.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppbnRpbmdibw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221120/998fed178ff1493eb60b49274d409b49.png

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