45-学生信息管理系统的编写（C++）

Bertha 。 2022-12-23 11:21 113阅读 0赞

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#include<iostream>
    #include<string>
    #include<fstream>						//文件的输出输出流操作
    #include<iomanip>
    #include <algorithm>	
    #include<vector>
    using namespace std;
    const char* filename = "Student.txt"; //学生信息记录的文件名称
    class CDate  // 定义日期类
    {
        
    private:
        unsigned short int year;   // 年
        unsigned short int month;  // 月
        unsigned short int day;    // 日
    public:
        CDate(int y=0,int m=0,int d=0);
        bool operator < (CDate d);  //成员函数，重载<运算符
        friend istream & operator >> (istream &in,CDate &d);    //重载输入运算符
        friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out,CDate &d);     //重载输出运算符
        friend bool CheckValid(CDate d);    //检查日期合法性
        friend bool LeapYear(int year);
        void SetDate(int y,int m,int d);
    };
    CDate::CDate(int y,int m,int d):year(y),month(m),day(d) {
        }
    // 设置日期
    void CDate::SetDate(int y,int m,int d)
    {
        
        year=y;
        month=m;
        day=d;
    }
    class Student
    {
        
    private:
    	string Name;		//姓名
    	long Number;		//学号
    	string Sex;			//性别
    	long Home;			//宿舍号
    	long Birthday;		//出生日期;
    	int year; 
    	Student* next;
    public:
    	Student(string na = "空", long num = 0, string sex = "男", long home=0,long birthday=0,int  year=20)
    	{
        
    		SetName(na);
    		SetNumber(num);
    		SetSex(sex);
    		SetHome(home);
    		SetBirthday(birthday);
    		Setyear(year);
    		next = NULL;
    	}
    	~Student()					//析构
    	{
        
    		Name = ""; Number = 0; Sex = "";Home = 0; Birthday = 0; next = NULL;
    	}
    	Student& operator =(const Student& T)
    	{
        
    		Name = T.Name;
    		Number = T.Number;
    		Sex = T.Sex;
    		Home = T.Home;
    		Birthday = T.Birthday;
    		year=T.year;
    		return *this;
    	}
    	void SetName(string name)	{
        Name = name;} //设置名字
    	void SetNumber(long num)	{
        Number = num;} //设置学号
    	void SetSex(string sex)		{
        Sex = sex;	}
    	void SetHome(int home)		{
        Home= home;}
    	void SetBirthday(int birthday)   {
        Birthday = birthday; }
    	void Setyear(int birthday){
        	 year=2020-birthday/10000;}
    	friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Student& T)//输入数据
    	{
        
    		string tmp;
    		long num,home,birthday;
    		cout << "请输入姓名：";		
    		is >> tmp;
    		T.SetName(tmp);
    		cout << "请输入学号：";
    		is >> tmp;
    		num = atol(tmp.c_str());		//字符型转化为长整形（解决了输入字符时会出现的bug）
    		T.SetNumber(num);
    		cout << "请输入性别：";
    		is >> tmp;
    		T.SetSex(tmp);
    		cout << "请输入宿舍号：";
    		is >> tmp;
    		home = atol(tmp.c_str());
    		T.SetHome(home);
    		cout << "请输入出生日期：";
    		is >> tmp;
    		birthday = atol(tmp.c_str());
    		T.SetBirthday(birthday);
    		T.Setyear(birthday); 
    		return is;
    	}
    	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Student& T)//输出数据
    	{
        
    		cout << left << setw(8) << T.Name << left << setw(15) << T.Number << left << setw(8) << T.Sex << left << setw(10) << T.Home << left << setw(10) << T.Birthday <<right<< setw(4)<<T.year<< endl;
    		return os;
    	}
    	friend class  student_List;		//友元类设置
    };
    class student_List					//学生的信息链表类，主要进行链表的操作，查找输出
    {
        
    private:
    	Student* head;
    public:
    	student_List()					//学生链表的初始化，建立头结点,并从文件中读取信息建立链表
    	{
        
    		head = new Student;
    		head->next = NULL;
    		ifstream ifs(filename);
    		if (!ifs)					//如果文件不存在
    		{
        
    			Filewrite();			//建立文件
    		}
    	}
    	~student_List()
    	{
        
    		Student* p = head->next, * q;
    		while (p != NULL)
    		{
        
    			q = p;
    			p = p->next;
    			delete q;
    		}
    		delete head;
    	}
    	void Fileread()					//读取文件中的信息建立链表
    	{
        
    		ifstream ifs(filename);
    		if (!ifs)
    		{
        
    			cout << "文件打开失败" << endl;
    			exit(0);
    		}
    		Student* q = head;
    		while (ifs.peek() != EOF)		//判断是否读取到文件末尾了 采用这个peek函数而不采用ifs.eof()是防止文件为空时还进入循环
    		{
        
    			Student* p = new Student;
    			ifs >> p->Name
    				>> ws
    				>> p->Number
    				>> ws
    				>> p->Sex
    				>> ws
    				>> p->Home
    				>> ws
    				>> p->Birthday
    				>> ws
    				>> p->year
    				>> ws;
    			q->next = p;
    			p->next = NULL;
    			q = p;
    		}
    	}
    	void Filewrite()				//通过文件的读写将链表中的内容写到文件中
    	{
        
    		Student* p = head->next;
    		ofstream ofs(filename);
    		if (!ofs)
    		{
        
    			cout << "文件打开失败" << endl;
    			exit(0);
    		}
    		while (p != NULL)
    		{
        
    			ofs << p->Name << '\t'
    				<< p->Number << '\t' << p->Sex << '\t' << p->Home << '\t' << p->Birthday << '\t' << p->year 
    				<< endl;
    			ofs << endl;
    			p = p->next;
    		}
    		ofs.close();
    	}
    	void Putin(int n = 1)			//输入,参数的含义是区别与是操作1的输入还是插入....默认是输入函数
    	{
        
    		char x = '0';
    		int i = 1;				//计数
    		int num_0, num_1;//插入位置
    		Student* q;
    		if (n == 1)				//这是操作输入数据是需要的，如果插入数据则不需要
    		{
        
    			cout << "是否清空原来数据 0.是的	1.否，增加信息		3.返回 ";
    			cin >> x;
    			if (x == '1')//添加进去
    			{
        
    				Fileread();				//读取文件形成链表
    				Putin(0);				//参数的改变,就是插入函数的调用
    				return;
    			}
    		}
    		if (x == '0')
    		{
        
    			while (x == '0')
    			{
        
    				cout << i++ << endl;
    				Student* p = new Student;
    				cin >> *p;
    				if (n != 3)//节点的插法
    				{
        
    					p->next = head->next;
    					head->next = p;
    				}
    				else//节点的任意位置插入
    				{
        
    					Display(2);
    					cout << "----------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    					cout << "请选择插入位置：";
    					cin >> x;
    					num_0 = x - '0';
    					q = head;
    					num_1 = 0;//寻找位置
    					while (q->next != NULL)
    					{
        
    						num_1++;
    						if (num_0 == num_1)			break;
    						q = q->next;
    					}
    					p->next = q->next;
    					q->next = p;
    					Display(2);
    				}
    				cout << "请问是要继续么？（0.是		1.否） "<<endl;
    				cin >> x;
    				cout << "----------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    			}
    			Filewrite();
    		}
    	}
    	void Display(int x = 1)				//显示输出cout<<left<<setw(40)<<"靠左输出"<<left<<setw(35)<<"靠左输出"<<endl;
    	{
        
    		if (x == 1)
    			Fileread();
    		cout << left << setw(5) << "| 序号 |" << left << setw(8) << "|  姓名 |" << left << setw(10) << "|  学号    |" << left << setw(9) << "| 性别 |" << left << setw(10) << "| 宿舍号 |" << left << setw(8) << "| 出生日期 |" << setw(8) << "| 年龄 |"<< endl;
    		Student * p = head->next;
    		int i = 1;
    		while (p != NULL)
    		{
        
    			cout << left << setw(3) << " " << left << setw(3) << i++ << "    " << *p;
    			p = p->next;
    		}
    		cin.get();
    		cin.get();
    		Filewrite();
    	}
    	void Insert()				//插入(添加)
    	{
        
    		Fileread();				//读取文件形成链表
    		Putin(3);				//参数的改变,就是插入函数的调用
    	}
    	void Delete()				//删除
    	{
        
    		Find(2);
    		Filewrite();		//写入文件
    	}
    	void Find(int i = 1)			//查找
    	{
        
    		Fileread();//读取文件形成链表
    		char x = '0';
    		while (x == '0')
    		{
        
    			cout << "选择查找方式：	1.姓名	 2.学号	  0.返回";
    			cin >> x;
    			switch (x)
    			{
        
    			case '1':
    				Find_01name(i);
    				break;
    			case '2':
    				Find_02number(i);
    				break;
    			case '0':return;
    			default:
    				cout << "选择错误！！！";
    			}
    			cout << "是否继续查找 0.继续 1.放弃  ";
    			cin >> x;
    		}
    		Filewrite();
    	}
    	void Find_01name(int x = 1)	//查找名字 参数 1.查找 2.删除 3.修改
    	{
        
    		int i = 0;
    		string na;
    		char x_0 = '1';
    		Student* p = head->next, * q = head;
    		cout << "请输入要查找的姓名：";
    		cin >> na;
    		cout << left << setw(5) << "| 序号 |" << left << setw(8) << "|  姓名 |" << left << setw(10) << "|  学号    |" << left << setw(9) << "| 性别 |" << left << setw(10) << "| 宿舍号 |" << left << setw(8) << "| 出生日期 |" << setw(8) << "| 年龄 |"<< endl;
    		while (p != NULL)
    		{
        
    			if (p->Name == na)
    			{
        
    				cout << left << setw(3) << " " << left << setw(3) << i++ << "    " << *p;
    				if (x == 2)//删除数据
    				{
        
    					cout << "是否删除这条数据 0.是 1.否";
    					cin >> x_0;
    					if (x_0 == '0')
    					{
        
    						q->next = p->next;
    						delete p;
    						p = q;
    					}
    				}
    				if (x == 3)//修改数据
    				{
        
    					cout << "是否修该这条数据	0.是		1.否";
    					cin >> x_0;
    					if (x_0 == '0')
    					{
        
    						Change_s(p);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    			q = p;
    			p = p->next;
    		}cout << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    		if (i == 0)
    			cout << "用点心叭，没有需要的数据" << endl;
    	}
    	void Find_02number(int x = 1)//学号查找
    	{
        
    		int i = 0;
    		long num;
    		string tmp;
    		char x_0 = '1';
    		Student* p = head->next, * q = head;
    		cout << "请输入要查找的学号：";
    		cin >> tmp;
    		num = atol(tmp.c_str());
    	cout << left << setw(5) << "| 序号 |" << left << setw(8) << "|  姓名 |" << left << setw(10) << "|  学号    |" << left << setw(9) << "| 性别 |" << left << setw(10) << "| 宿舍号 |" << left << setw(8) << "| 出生日期 |" << setw(8) << "| 年龄 |"<< endl;
    		while (p != NULL)
    		{
        
    			if (p->Number == num)
    			{
        
    				cout << left << setw(3) << " " << left << setw(3) << i++ << "    " << *p;
    				if (x == 2)//删除数据
    				{
        
    					cout << "是否删除这条数据 0.是 1.否";
    					cin >> x_0;
    					if (x_0 == '0')
    					{
        
    						q->next = p->next;
    						delete p;
    						p = q;
    					}
    				}
    				if (x == 3)//修改数据
    				{
        
    					cout << "是否修该这条数据	0.是		1.否";
    					cin >> x_0;
    					if (x_0 == '0')
    					{
        
    						Change_s(p);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    			q = p;
    			p = p->next;
    		}
    		cout << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    		if (i == 0)
    			cout << "用点心叭，没有需要的数据" << endl;
    	}
    	void Change()		//修改             
    	{
        
    		Find(3);
    		Filewrite();		//写入文件
    	}
    	void Change_s(Student * p)
    	{
        
    		char a = '0';
    		string tmp;
    		long num,home,birthday;
    		while (a == '0')
    		{
        
    			cout << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    			cout << "请选择修改选项   1.姓名 2.学号 3.性别 4.宿舍号 5.出生日期";
    			cin >> a;
    			cout << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    			switch (a)
    			{
        
    			case '1':
    				cout << "输入名字：";
    				cin >> tmp;
    				p->SetName(tmp);
    				break;
    			case '2':
    				cout << "输入学号：";
    				cin >> tmp;
    				num = atol(tmp.c_str());
    				p->SetNumber(num);
    				break;
    			case '3':
    				cout << "输入性别：";
    				cin >> tmp;
    				p->SetSex(tmp);
    				break;
    			case '4':
    				cout << "输入宿舍号：";
    				cin >> tmp;
    				home = atol(tmp.c_str());
    				p->SetHome(home);
    				break;
    			case '5':
    				cout << "请输入出生日期：";
    				cin >> tmp;
    				birthday = atol(tmp.c_str());
    				p->SetBirthday(birthday);
    				break;
    			default:
    				cout << "笨蛋，输错啦" << endl;
    			}
    			cout << *p;
    			cout << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;//美化视觉效果
    			cout << "是否继续修改其他选项 0.继续 1.不了";
    			cin >> a;
    		}
    	}
    	void Write()
    	{
        
    		cout<<"文件写入成功" <<endl;
    		Filewrite();
    	}
    };
    void Meue()				//主菜单界面
    {
        
    	while (1)
    	{
        
    		system("cls");
    		cout << "      	 	      欢迎使用学生信息管理系统		 		             " << endl;
    		cout << "*******************************************************************" << endl;
    		cout << "                           1.显示信息          			 		" << endl;
    		cout << "                           2.添加信息          				 	" << endl;
    		cout << "                           3.查找信息          					" << endl;
    		cout << "                           4.删除信息          				    " << endl;
    		cout << "                           5.修改信息		   				 		" << endl;	
    		cout << "                           6.保存信息          				    " << endl;
    		cout << "                           7.插入信息          					" << endl;
    		cout << "                           0.退出登陆          				 	" << endl;		
    		cout << "*******************************************************************" << endl;
    		student_List A;//建立链表,初始化
    		char t;
    		cin >> t;
    		system("cls");
    		switch (t)
    		{
        
    		case '1':
    			A.Display();
    			break;
    		case '2':
    			A.Insert();
    			break;
    		case '3':
    			A.Find();
    			break;
    		case '4':
    			A.Delete();
    			break;
    		case '5':
    			A.Change();
    			break;
    		case '6':
    			A.Write();
    			break;
    		case '7':
    			A.Putin();
    			break;
    		case '0': 
    			cout<<"系统结束，see you";
    			exit(0);
    		default: cout << "选择错误";
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    }
    int main()
    {
        
    	while (1)
    		 Meue();
    	return 0;
    }

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