Docker - Docker Image及Image命令详解

比眉伴天荒 2022-12-23 03:27 237阅读 0赞

## Docker - Docker Image及Image命令详解 ##

## 什么是镜像（Image） ##

Docker镜像（Docker Image）就是一个只读的模板。比如，一个镜像可以包含一个完整的Ubuntu操作系统环境。镜像可以用来创建Docker容器。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
在Docker的术语里，一个只读层被称为镜像，一个镜像是永远不会变的。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
由于Docker使用一个统一文件系统，Docker进程认为整个文件系统是以读写方式挂载的。 但是所有的变更都发生在顶层的可写层，而下层的原始的只读镜像文件并未变化。由于镜像不可写，所以镜像是无状态的。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 父镜像 ##

每一个镜像都可能依赖于由一个或多个下层镜像组成的另一个镜像。我们有时说，下层那个镜像是上层镜像的父镜像。而没有任何父镜像的镜像，谓之基础镜像（Base Image）。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
可以看一下这篇博客，会让你对Docker的整体架构有一个很清晰的了解：[Docker - 这应该就是你想要的Docker架构分析][Docker - _Docker]。

## Docker Image Help ##

通过该命令可以查看Image下有哪些命令。

docker image help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image help
    
    Usage:	docker image COMMAND
    
    Manage images
    
    Commands:
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      history     Show the history of an image
      import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
      inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
      load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
      ls          List images
      prune       Remove unused images
      pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
      push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
      rm          Remove one or more images
      save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
      tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
    
    Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

通过`docker image COMMAND --help`来知道每一个Image命令的详细信息。

Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

## Docker Image LS ##

docker image ls --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image ls --help
    
    Usage:	docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    
    List images
    
    Aliases:
      ls, images, list
    
    Options:
      -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
          --digests         Show digests
      -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
          --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
          --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      -q, --quiet           Only show numeric IDs

比如`docker image ls -a`，展示所有Image的关键信息。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image ls -a
    REPOSITORY                                                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    node                                                           latest              5377c9a2fb1f        5 weeks ago         943MB
    openzipkin/zipkin                                              latest              1850194f377c        3 months ago        160MB
    rancher/server                                                 stable              98d8bb571885        6 months ago        1.08GB
    redis                                                          5.0.7               7eed8df88d3b        8 months ago        98.2MB
    hello-world                                                    latest              bf756fb1ae65        10 months ago       13.3kB

`docker images`、`docker image ls`和`docker image ls -a`是一样的效果。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201122105430143.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201122135509294.png]

比如`docker image ls -q`，就只输出Image的IMAGE ID 。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image ls -q
    5377c9a2fb1f
    1850194f377c
    98d8bb571885
    7eed8df88d3b
    bf756fb1ae65

其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image Pull ##

拉取镜像。

docker image pull --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image pull --help
    
    Usage:	docker image pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
    
    Pull an image or a repository from a registry
    
    Options:
      -a, --all-tags                Download all tagged images in the repository
          --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
          --platform string         Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
      -q, --quiet                   Suppress verbose output

拉取`centos:7`镜像。

docker image pull centos:7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image pull centos:7
    7: Pulling from library/centos
    2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
    Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
    docker.io/library/centos:7

拉取`centos:6`镜像，只想要输出`pull`的简要信息，不输出`pull`的详细信息，如`Downloading`的进度。

docker image pull -q centos:6

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image pull -q centos:6
    docker.io/library/centos:6

![在这里插入图片描述][20201122111006894.png]

其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image Prune ##

此命令会把所有未使用的镜像进行删除（`Remove unused images`），慎用！

docker image prune --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image prune --help
    
    Usage:	docker image prune [OPTIONS]
    
    Remove unused images
    
    Options:
      -a, --all             Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones
          --filter filter   Provide filter values (e.g. 'until=<timestamp>')
      -f, --force           Do not prompt for confirmation

docker image prune

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image prune
    WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
    Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
    Total reclaimed space: 0B

## Docker Image RM ##

删除指定镜像。

docker image rm --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image rm --help
    
    Usage:	docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
    
    Remove one or more images
    
    Aliases:
      rm, rmi, remove
    
    Options:
      -f, --force      Force removal of the image
          --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents

删除`centos:7`。

docker image rm centos:7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image rm centos:7
    Untagged: centos:7
    Untagged: centos@sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
    Deleted: sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf
    Deleted: sha256:174f5685490326fc0a1c0f5570b8663732189b327007e47ff13d2ca59673db02

强制删除`centos:6`。

docker image rm -f centos:6

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image rm -f centos:6
    Untagged: centos:6
    Untagged: centos@sha256:dec8f471302de43f4cfcf82f56d99a5227b5ea1aa6d02fa56344986e1f4610e7
    Deleted: sha256:d0957ffdf8a2ea8c8925903862b65a1b6850dbb019f88d45e927d3d5a3fa0c31
    Deleted: sha256:af6bf1987c2eb07d73f33836b0d8fd825d7c785273526b077e46780e8b4b2ae9

其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image Tag ##

对原有镜像打`tag`，会生成新镜像。

docker image tag --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image tag --help
    
    Usage:	docker image tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
    
    Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

docker image tag centos:6 centos:kaven.blog

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

## Docker Image Save ##

保存镜像。

docker image save --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image save --help
    
    Usage:	docker image save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
    
    Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
    
    Options:
      -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

docker image save centos:kaven.blog > kaven.blog.tar

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image save centos:kaven.blog > kaven.blog.tar #保存到当前目录
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# ls kaven*
    kaven.blog.tar

docker image save centos:kaven.blog -o /usr/kaven.blog.tar

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image save centos:kaven.blog -o /usr/kaven.blog.tar #保存到别的目录
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# ls /usr/kaven*
    /usr/kaven.blog.tar

## Docker Image Load ##

加载镜像。

docker image load --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image load --help
    
    Usage:	docker image load [OPTIONS]
    
    Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
    
    Options:
      -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
      -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output

docker image load < kaven.blog.tar

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image rm centos:kaven.blog
    Untagged: centos:kaven.blog
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image load < kaven.blog.tar
    Loaded image: centos:kaven.blog

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

docker image load -i /usr/kaven.blog.tar

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image rm centos:kaven.blog
    Untagged: centos:kaven.blog
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image load -i /usr/kaven.blog.tar
    Loaded image: centos:kaven.blog

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image History ##

显示镜像的操作历史。

docker image history  --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image history --help
    
    Usage:	docker image history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
    
    Show the history of an image
    
    Options:
          --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      -H, --human           Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true)
          --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      -q, --quiet           Only show numeric IDs

docker image history centos:kaven.blog

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image history centos:kaven.blog
    IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
    d0957ffdf8a2        20 months ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B 
    <missing>           20 months ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B 
    <missing>           20 months ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:0065316a41144e95b… 194MB 
    <missing>           2 years ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER https://github… 0B

只想展示镜像操作历史的简要信息（IMAGE）。

docker image history -q centos:6

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image history -q centos:6
    d0957ffdf8a2
    <missing>
    <missing>
    <missing>

其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image Inspect ##

显示镜像的详细信息。

docker image inspect --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image inspect --help
    
    Usage:	docker image inspect [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
    
    Display detailed information on one or more images
    
    Options:
      -f, --format string   Format the output using the given Go template

docker image inspect centos:6

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image inspect centos:6
    [
        { 
            "Id": "sha256:d0957ffdf8a2ea8c8925903862b65a1b6850dbb019f88d45e927d3d5a3fa0c31",
            "RepoTags": [
                "centos:6",
                "centos:kaven.blog"
            ],
            "RepoDigests": [
                "centos@sha256:dec8f471302de43f4cfcf82f56d99a5227b5ea1aa6d02fa56344986e1f4610e7"
            ],
            "Parent": "",
            "Comment": "",
            "Created": "2019-03-14T21:20:11.486358099Z",
            "Container": "d519f3e5c41d16388d3fba0dac626427b21deb98cce150dee80c180b9baf9435",
            "ContainerConfig": { 
                "Hostname": "d519f3e5c41d",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "#(nop) ",
                    "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
                ],
                "ArgsEscaped": true,
                "Image": "sha256:143abcd43bce45f4fd9ba51c7361051d7ea9e9e1eadb66e5c94a9c1b7754524f",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181006",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
            "Author": "https://github.com/CentOS/sig-cloud-instance-images",
            "Config": { 
                "Hostname": "",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/bash"
                ],
                "ArgsEscaped": true,
                "Image": "sha256:143abcd43bce45f4fd9ba51c7361051d7ea9e9e1eadb66e5c94a9c1b7754524f",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181006",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "Architecture": "amd64",
            "Os": "linux",
            "Size": 193901906,
            "VirtualSize": 193901906,
            "GraphDriver": { 
                "Data": { 
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae0f8ac6c397e63561b52142c4e945909b8af2351d28e5af66f3490ff7078587/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae0f8ac6c397e63561b52142c4e945909b8af2351d28e5af66f3490ff7078587/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae0f8ac6c397e63561b52142c4e945909b8af2351d28e5af66f3490ff7078587/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "RootFS": { 
                "Type": "layers",
                "Layers": [
                    "sha256:af6bf1987c2eb07d73f33836b0d8fd825d7c785273526b077e46780e8b4b2ae9"
                ]
            },
            "Metadata": { 
                "LastTagTime": "2020-11-22T11:46:01.910880961+08:00"
            }
        }
    ]

其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image Import ##

从归档文件中创建镜像。

docker image import --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image import --help
    
    Usage:	docker image import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    
    Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
    
    Options:
      -c, --change list       Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
      -m, --message string    Set commit message for imported image
          --platform string   Set platform if server is multi-platform capable

docker image import  kaven.blog.tar centos:6.kaven

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image import kaven.blog.tar centos:6.kaven
    sha256:3a568400d73096f71c5f5165f110414bb83e8024bca2ee3eea77336a194e920f

![在这里插入图片描述][20201122122118111.png]  
其他的命令选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Image Push ##

上传镜像到仓库。

docker image push --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image push --help
    
    Usage:	docker image push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
    
    Push an image or a repository to a registry
    
    Options:
          --disable-content-trust   Skip image signing (default true)

## Docker Image Build ##

创建镜像。

docker image build --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image build --help
    
    Usage:	docker image build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
    
    Build an image from a Dockerfile
    
    Options:
          --add-host list           Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
          --build-arg list          Set build-time variables
          --cache-from strings      Images to consider as cache sources
          --cgroup-parent string    Optional parent cgroup for the container
          --compress                Compress the build context using gzip
          --cpu-period int          Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
          --cpu-quota int           Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      -c, --cpu-shares int          CPU shares (relative weight)
          --cpuset-cpus string      CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
          --cpuset-mems string      MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
          --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
      -f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
          --force-rm                Always remove intermediate containers
          --iidfile string          Write the image ID to the file
          --isolation string        Container isolation technology
          --label list              Set metadata for an image
      -m, --memory bytes            Memory limit
          --memory-swap bytes       Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
          --network string          Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
          --no-cache                Do not use cache when building the image
      -o, --output stringArray      Output destination (format: type=local,dest=path)
          --platform string         Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
          --progress string         Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container output (default "auto")
          --pull                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
      -q, --quiet                   Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
          --rm                      Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
          --secret stringArray      Secret file to expose to the build (only if BuildKit enabled): id=mysecret,src=/local/secret
          --security-opt strings    Security options
          --shm-size bytes          Size of /dev/shm
          --squash                  Squash newly built layers into a single new layer
          --ssh stringArray         SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (only if BuildKit enabled) (format: default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]])
          --stream                  Stream attaches to server to negotiate build context
      -t, --tag list                Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
          --target string           Set the target build stage to build.
          --ulimit ulimit           Ulimit options (default [])

这里会介绍将一个简单的C语言程序，Build成一个Image。

先在当前目录下创建一个`hello.c`程序。

vim hello.c

程序如下：

#include<stdio.h>
    
    int main()
    { 
      printf("hello kaven\n");
      printf("this is docker\n");
    }

不知道怎么退出VIM，可以看一下这篇博客：[怎么保存退出 vim 编辑][vim]。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# ls 
    hello.c  kaven.blog.tar  logs  mall.jar
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# gcc hello.c -o hello
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# ls
    hello  hello.c  kaven.blog.tar  logs  mall.jar
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# ./hello
    hello kaven
    this is docker

在当前目录下创建`Dockerfile`。

vim Dockerfile

输入：

FROM scratch
    ADD hello /
    CMD ["/hello"]

现在看不懂没关系，自己跟着体验一次，之后的博客会详细讲解这些`Dockerfile`操作。

docker image build -t kaven/hello:v1 .

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image build -t kaven/hello:v1 .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  564.4MB
    Step 1/3 : FROM scratch
     ---> 
    Step 2/3 : ADD hello /
     ---> 5d49f50c725b
    Step 3/3 : CMD ["/hello"]
     ---> Running in b0b3bdce9078
    Removing intermediate container b0b3bdce9078
     ---> b1013ca7925d
    Successfully built b1013ca7925d
    Successfully tagged kaven/hello:v1

这样`kaven/hello:v1`就有了。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201122125039867.png]  
Docker Image及Image命令详解就介绍到这里。

写博客是博主记录自己的学习过程，如果有错误，请指正，谢谢！

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[Docker - _Docker]: https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109900402
[20201122105430143.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122105430143.png
[20201122135509294.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122135509294.png
[20201122111006894.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122111006894.png
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[20201122122118111.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122122118111.png
[vim]: https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/82814939
[20201122125039867.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122125039867.png