Docker05_DockerFile介绍

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-12-22 08:50 205阅读 0赞

**使用 dockerfile 挂载目录**

在 **/home** 目录下新建 **docker-test-volume** 目录，进入该目录  
在 **/home/docker-test-volume** 目录下，创建 **dockerfile1** 文件，写入以下内容：

FROM centos
    
    VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
    
    CMD echo "----end----"
    CMD /bin/bash

# 根据 dockerfile1 中的脚本创建镜像，镜像名为 docker-blu/centos 版本为1.0
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz docker-test-volume]# docker build -f /home/docker-test-volume/dockerfile1 -t docker-blu/centos:1.0 .
    
    # 查看生成的镜像
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz docker-test-volume]# docker images
    REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    docker-blu/centos     1.0                 65d304aadb42        43 seconds ago      215MB
    
    # 启动自己创建的镜像
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz docker-test-volume]# docker run -it 65d304aadb42 /bin/bash
    
    # 查看目录，发现了挂载的目录 volume01 和 volume02
    [root@c1a21b8c0d30 /]# ls -l
    total 56
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7 May 11  2019 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root  360 Nov 18 11:31 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root 4096 Nov 18 11:31 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 May 11  2019 home
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7 May 11  2019 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    9 May 11  2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwx------  2 root root 4096 Aug  9 21:40 lost+found
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 May 11  2019 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 May 11  2019 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 May 11  2019 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 97 root root    0 Nov 18 11:31 proc
    dr-xr-x---  2 root root 4096 Aug  9 21:40 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Aug  9 21:40 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    8 May 11  2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 May 11  2019 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root    0 Nov 18 11:31 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root 4096 Aug  9 21:40 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Aug  9 21:40 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Aug  9 21:40 var
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov 18 11:31 volume01
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Nov 18 11:31 volume02
    
    # 在 volume01 中创建一个文件
    [root@c1a21b8c0d30 /]# cd volume01
    [root@c1a21b8c0d30 volume01]# touch a.txt

# 查看容器id
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    c1a21b8c0d30        65d304aadb42        "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes                            festive_cerf
    
    # 查看挂载点信息
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz ~]# docker inspect c1a21b8c0d30
    "Mounts": [
    	{ 
    		"Type": "volume",
    		"Name": "3dd6cd544b10b948ae38ce55a2b78c4a4c14945360867317fe8c7886e6141027",
    		"Source":"/var/lib/docker/volumes/3dd6cd544b10b948ae38ce55a2b78c4a4c14945360867317fe8c7886e6141027/_data",
    		"Destination": "volume01",
    		"Driver": "local",
    		"Mode": "",
    		"RW": true,
    		"Propagation": ""
    	},
    	{ 
    		"Type": "volume",
    		"Name": "61e4336db92d8dc970fbc407aa4bc19c5b059626745ef3e954f82c29af8e1342",
    		"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/61e4336db92d8dc970fbc407aa4bc19c5b059626745ef3e954f82c29af8e1342/_data",
    		"Destination": "volume02",
    		"Driver": "local",
    		"Mode": "",
    		"RW": true,
    		"Propagation": ""
    	}
    ]
    
    # 进入 volume01 挂载的主机目录，发现同步成功！ 
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/3dd6cd544b10b948ae38ce55a2b78c4a4c14945360867317fe8c7886e6141027/_data
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz _data]# ls
    a.txt
    
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz _data]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    c1a21b8c0d30        65d304aadb42        "/bin/bash"         24 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes                           festive_cerf
    
    # 再启动一个容器，卷继承上一个容器
    [root@izbp10tup89om84qulgxbsz _data]# docker run -it --name blu-centos02 --volumes-from c1a21b8c0d30 65d304aadb42 /bin/bash
    # 进入 volume01 目录，发现了a.txt
    [root@9740c6ea3675 volume01]# ls
    a.txt
    # 创建 b.txt
    [root@9740c6ea3675 volume01]# touch b.txt
    # 在之前的容器中发现了b.txt，同步成功！
    [root@c1a21b8c0d30 volume01]# ls
    a.txt  b.txt

--------------------

**实战：使用数据卷容器实现多个MySQL的数据同步**

docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
    
    docker run -d -p 3311:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7

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**DockerFile**

*  **DockerFile 就是一个命令参数脚本，是用来构建docker镜像的文件**
 *  **每个保留关键字（指令）都必须是大写字母**
 *  **\# 号表示注释**
 *  **每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层**

--------------------

**DockerFile 的指令**

FROM				# 指定基础镜像
    MAINTAINER			# 指定维护者信息（姓名+邮箱）
    RUN					# 镜像构建时需要运行的命令
    ADD					# 在镜像中添加内容
    WORKDIR				# 设置当前工作目录
    VOLUME				# 设置卷，挂载主机目录
    EXPOSE				# 指定暴露端口
    CMD					# 指定容器启动时要运行的命令（只有最后一个CMD指令会生效）
    ENTRYPOINT			# 指定容器启动时要运行的命令，启动时可以追加命令参数
    ONBUILD				# 当构建一个被继承 DockerFile 时会执行的指令
    COPY				# 类似ADD，将文件拷贝至镜像中
    ENV					# 构建时设置环境变量

--------------------

**使用 DockerFile 创建一个自己的 CentOS 镜像：**

[root@blu dockerfile]# vim mydockerfile-centos

FROM centos
    MAINTAINER BLU<2711978737@qq.com>
    
    ENV MYPATH /usr/local
    WORKDIR $MYPATH
    
    RUN yum -y install vim
    RUN yum -y install net-tools
    
    EXPOSE 80
    
    CMD echo $MYPATH
    CMD echo "----end----"
    CMD /bin/bash

[root@blu dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .

--------------------

**docker history 命令查看指定镜像的构建过程（以mysql:5.7为例）：**

[root@blu ~]# docker history mysql:5.7
    IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
    c791733bf9b7        4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["mysqld"] 0B 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 3306 33060 0B 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry… 0B 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entryp…   34B                 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:f9202f6b715c0e78… 13.1kB 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/var/lib/mysql] 0B 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c {    echo mysql-community-server m…   313MB               
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/a… 55B <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.32-… 0B <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 0B <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -ex; key='A4A9406876FCBD3C45… 2.61kB <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install… 52.2MB <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 0B <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-ma… 4.17MB <missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12        0B                  
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   9.34MB              
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -…   329kB               
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B 
    <missing>           4 days ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:d2abb0e4e7ac17737… 69.2MB

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**实战：使用 DockerFile 创建一个 Tomcat 镜像：**

FROM centos
    MAINTAINER BLU<2711978737@qq.com>
    COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
    ADD jdk-8u271-linux-aarch64.tar.gz /usr/local/
    ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.34.tar.gz /usr/local/
    RUN yum -y install vim
    ENV MYPATH /usr/local
    WORKDIR $MYPATH
    RUN chmod -R 777 /usr/local
    ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271
    ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
    ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.34
    ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.34
    ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
    EXPOSE 8080
    CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/logs/catalina.out

[root@blu tomcat]# docker build -t diytomcat .

[root@blu blu]# docker run -d -p 3001:8080 --name blu-diytomcat -v /usr/blu/tomcat/test/webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/webapps -v /usr/blu/tomcat/test/tomcatlogs：/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/logs diytomcat

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