Spring MVC框架搭建实例教程——你值得一看

柔情只为你懂 2022-12-19 00:57 139阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  Spring MVC的项目初体验
     *   *   *  准备工作
             *  创建一个spring MVC的项目

## Spring MVC的项目初体验 ##

#### 准备工作 ####

*  jdk1.8
 *  tomcat7
 *  eclipse开发工具
 *  jar包下载 [springMVC框架所需的jar包下载地址][springMVC_jar]

#### 创建一个spring MVC的项目 ####

jdk的安装不作描述。

1.  首先就是打开eclipse，左侧项目目录栏右键→new→other（或者使用快捷键，我的快捷键是ctrl+N），弹出如下对话框：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]
2.  文件类型的输入框中选择输入web,选择临时的web项目，然后点击next就可以了，如下图：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]
3.  弹出新的对话框，给项目起个名字，点击finish就可以了。如下图：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]
4.  在项目列表这就创建好了，如图：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]
5.  然后需要将jdk和tomcat引入到我们的项目中，选中项目右键，选择properties（或者使用快捷键alt+enter），弹出对话框：  
    如图，Java选项要跟jdk对应。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]  
    点击Java build path，配置上我们的jdk和tomcat。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]  
    Java Compiler（编译）选择jdk的版本。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]
6.  在项目架构的WebContent/WEB-INF/lib放入我们springMVC所需的jar包，上边有提供jar的下载地址哦。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]
7.  WEB-INF下新建web.xml文件和springMVC的核心文件springmvc-servlet.xml

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    		xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    		xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    		
    	<display-name>springMVC-test</display-name>
    	
    	
    	<servlet>
    		
    		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    		
    		
    		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    	</servlet>
    	
    	
    	<servlet-mapping>
    		
    		<servlet-name>srpingmvc</servlet-name>
    		
    		
    		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    	</servlet-mapping>
    	
    	
    	<welcome-file-list>
    		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    	</welcome-file-list>
    	
    </web-app>

springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        					http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
            				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
           					http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
            				http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
     
    	
    	<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.controller"></context:component-scan>
    	
    	
    	
    	
    	
    	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
    		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    	</bean>
    	
     </beans>

1.  Java Resources的src下创建mvc核心文件中配置的自动扫描路径的包com.spring.controller，如图：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]
2.  com.spring.controller包下新建控制层类，TestController.java如图：

package com.spring.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    //@Controller声明控制层的注解
    @Controller
    public class TestController { 
    
    	//@RequestMapping映射请求的url
    	@RequestMapping("click")
    	public String springTest(){ 
    		
    		System.out.println("springMVC框架能访问到这里");
    		//返回值会根据视图解析器解析为实际的物理视图
    		return "result";
    	}
    }

1.  接着新建index.jsp和result.jsp  
    index.jsp

> index.jsp是在WebContent目录下的。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    	<a href="click">springmvc初体验</a>
    </body>
    </html>

result.jsp

> 在WEB-INF目录下新建jsp文件夹（一个folder），在jsp下新建result.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    	<a>springMVC初体验成功了！！！</a>
    </body>
    </html>

1.  为项目配置tomcat容器，如图在server窗口选择右击→server弹出下图式样：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]  
    点击next。  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgzOTMyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]  
    选中我们的项目，双击便会进入到右侧框内，点击finish结束。
2.  启动tomcat，浏览器输入地址localhost:8080/springMVC-test  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20201106153320183.png_pic_center]  
    点击超链接，跳转页面  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20201106153400143.png_pic_center]

欧克，spring MVC初体验成功了。

[springMVC_jar]: https://repo.spring.io/libs-release-local/org/springframework/spring/
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[20201106153320183.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201106153320183.png#pic_center
[20201106153400143.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201106153400143.png#pic_center