Android 安卓从1.0到12.0总结（跟随Android官网实时更新）

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2022-12-18 06:55 119阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  对照表

--------------------

## 对照表 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Android版本</th> 
   <th>API级别</th> 
   <th>VERSION_CODE</th> 
   <th>重大改进或变更</th> 
   <th>开发注意事项</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android12.0</td> 
   <td>31</td> 
   <td>S</td> 
   <td>沉浸模式下的手势导航改进、前台服务通知延迟、对 Netlink MAC 地址的限制、不受信任的触摸事件被屏蔽、应用无法关闭系统对话框</td> 
   <td>《<a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/behavior-changes-12" rel="nofollow">行为变更：以 Android 12 为目标平台的应用</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 11.0</td> 
   <td>30</td> 
   <td>R</td> 
   <td>强制执行分区存储机制、单次授权、自动重置权限、后台位置信息访问权限、软件包可见性、前台服务</td> 
   <td>《<a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy" rel="nofollow">Android 11 隐私设置更新</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 10.0</td> 
   <td>29</td> 
   <td>Q</td> 
   <td>引入分区存储</td> 
   <td>可能会遇到无法保存图片到本地，或者造成Permission denied等问题，具体解决方案参考：《<a href="https://myhub.blog.csdn.net/article/details/108701706" rel="nofollow">关于安卓open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 9.0</td> 
   <td>28</td> 
   <td>P</td> 
   <td>网络连接变更</td> 
   <td>自9.0起，默认不再支持http请求，如果需要支持，需要按 《<a href="https://codechina.csdn.net/qq_40881680/android/-/blob/master/Android9_Solution.md" rel="nofollow">Android9.0 http无法访问的解决方案</a> 》进行修改和编辑</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 8.1</td> 
   <td>27</td> 
   <td>O_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 8.0</td> 
   <td>26</td> 
   <td>O</td> 
   <td>8.0系统的通知栏适配</td> 
   <td>参考 郭霖的 《<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/79854070" rel="nofollow">8.0系统的通知栏适配</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 7.1.1 &amp; Android 7.1</td> 
   <td>25</td> 
   <td>N_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 7.0</td> 
   <td>24</td> 
   <td>N</td> 
   <td>系统权限更改</td> 
   <td>参考《<a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0-changes?hl=zh-cn#permfilesys" rel="nofollow">Android 7.0 行为变更</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 6.0</td> 
   <td>23</td> 
   <td>M</td> 
   <td>运行时权限</td> 
   <td>需要动态申请权限，对于以 Android 6.0（API 级别 23）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，请务必在运行时检查和请求权限。要确定您的应用是否已被授予权限，请调用新增的 checkSelfPermission( ) 方法。要请求权限，请调用新增的 requestPermissions( ) 方法。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 5.1</td> 
   <td>22</td> 
   <td>LOLLIPOP_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 5.0</td> 
   <td>21</td> 
   <td>LOLLIPOP</td> 
   <td>Android 5.0 新增了material design样式的支持</td> 
   <td>参考《<a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0-changes#BehaviorNotifications" rel="nofollow">Android 5.0 变更</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.4W</td> 
   <td>20</td> 
   <td>KITKAT_WATCH</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>仅限 KitKat for Wearables</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.4</td> 
   <td>19</td> 
   <td>KITKAT</td> 
   <td>外部存储空间读取权限、使用WebView、使用 AlarmManager、使用ContentResolver同步数据</td> 
   <td>参考《<a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-4.4#Behaviors" rel="nofollow">Android 4.4 重要行为变更</a>》</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.3</td> 
   <td>18</td> 
   <td>JELLY_BEAN_MR2</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.2、4.2.2</td> 
   <td>17</td> 
   <td>JELLY_BEAN_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.1、4.1.1</td> 
   <td>16</td> 
   <td>JELLY_BEAN</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.0.3、4.0.4</td> 
   <td>15</td> 
   <td>ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 4.0、4.0.1、4.0.2</td> 
   <td>14</td> 
   <td>ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 3.2</td> 
   <td>13</td> 
   <td>HONEYCOMB_MR2</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 3.1.x</td> 
   <td>12</td> 
   <td>HONEYCOMB_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 3.0.x</td> 
   <td>11</td> 
   <td>HONEYCOMB</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 2.3.4<br>Android 2.3.3</td> 
   <td>10</td> 
   <td>GINGERBREAD_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 2.3.2<br>Android 2.3.1<br>Android 2.3</td> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td>GINGERBREAD</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 2.2.x</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>FROYO</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 2.1.x</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>ECLAIR_MR1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 2.0.1</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>ECLAIR_0_1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 2.0</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>ECLAIR</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 1.6</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>DONUT</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 1.5</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>CUPCAKE</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 1.1</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>BASE_1_1</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Android 1.0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>BASE</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

以上重大改进和变更只是举例最有可能遇到的问题！并非全面，具体可参考以下内容

[Android官网-https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element][Android_-https_developer.android.com_guide_topics_manifest_uses-sdk-element]

--------------------

[Android_-https_developer.android.com_guide_topics_manifest_uses-sdk-element]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element