【Java GUI 编程】Swing 用户界面开发工具包

ゝ一世哀愁。 2022-12-16 09:27 199阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  Swing
     *  窗口
     *  弹窗
     *  标签
     *  面板
     *  滚动条
     *  按钮
     *  列表
     *  文本框

## Swing ##

用户界面开发工具包，比 AWT 更加高级一点，Swing 可以使用任何可插拔的外观风格 ，用很少的代码就可以创建优雅的用户界面，工具包中所有的包都是以swing作为名称

## 窗口 ##

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    
    /** * @Title: Test13JFrame * @Package JavaGUI * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 13:57 */
    public class Test13JFrame { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new MyJFrame().init();
        }
    }
    
    class MyJFrame extends JFrame{ 
        public void init(){ 
            // 获得一个容器
            Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
            contentPane.setBackground(Color.red);
    
            JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到 Java !");
            this.add(label);
    
            // 水平居中标签
            label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setBounds(1,1,200,200);
        }
    }

## 弹窗 ##

JDialog 用来被弹出窗口

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    
    /** * @Title: Test15Dialog * @Package JavaGUI * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 17:31 */
    public class Test15Dialog extends JFrame{ 
        public Test15Dialog(){ 
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(700,500);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            // 放东西,容器
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            container.setLayout(null); // 绝对布局
    
            JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
            button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
            // 当点击这个按钮的时候弹窗,监听器
            button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { 
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { 
                    new MyDialogDemo();
                }
            });
            container.add(button);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test15Dialog();
        }
    }
    
    // 弹窗的窗口
    class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{ 
        public MyDialogDemo(){ 
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            container.setLayout(null); //绝对定位
            container.add(new Label("学 Java GUI 编程"));
        }
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

## 标签 ##

label

画了一个圆作为标签

public class Test16IconDemo1 extends JFrame implements Icon { 
    
        private int width;
        private int height;
        
        public Test16IconDemo1(){  }
        
        public Test16IconDemo1(int width,int height){ 
            this.width = width;
            this.height = height;
        }
        public void init(){ 
            Test16IconDemo1 iconDemo1 = new Test16IconDemo1(15,15);
            // 图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
            JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo1,SwingConstants.CENTER);
    
            Container container = getContentPane();
            container.add(jLabel);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        }
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test16IconDemo1().init();
        }
    
        // 画了一个圆作为标签
        @Override
        public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) { 
            g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getIconWidth() { 
            return this.width;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getIconHeight() { 
            return this.height;
        }
    }

效果如下

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

自定以图片作为标签

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /** * @Title: * @Package * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 18:10 */
    public class Test16IconDemo1 extends JFrame{ 
        public void init(){ 
            JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest");
            // 获取图片地址 
            URL url = Test16IconDemo1.class.getResource("1.png");
            // 加载 url
            ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
            
            // 设置标签属性
            jLabel.setIcon(icon);
            jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            
            // 把标签添加到容器中
            Container container = getContentPane();
            container.add(jLabel);
    
            // 设置 JFrame 窗口 
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test16IconDemo1().init();
        }
    }

如图所示

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

## 面板 ##

JPainel

public class Test17JPanelDemo1 extends JFrame { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test17JPanelDemo1();
        }
        public Test17JPanelDemo1() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
    
            JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
            JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
            JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,3));
            panel.add(new JButton("1"));
            panel.add(new JButton("1"));
            panel.add(new JButton("1"));
            panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
            panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
            container.add(panel);
            container.add(panel2);
            container.add(panel3);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(500,500);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    }

## 滚动条 ##

JScrollPanel

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    
    /** * @Title: Test18JScrollPanel * @Package JavaGUI * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 21:54 */
    public class Test18JScrollPanel extends JFrame { 
        public Test18JScrollPanel() { 
            // 容器
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            //文本域
            TextArea area = new TextArea(20,100);
            area.setText("欢迎来到 Java 的世界,这里是 GUI Swing 工具包的滚动条实现！\n" +
                    " Java是目前最为广泛的网络编程语言。它具有简单,面向对象,稳定等特点。\n" +
                    " 2.Java 语言简单是指这门语言既易学好用。不要将简单误解为这门语言很干瘪。\n" +
                    "如果你学习过 C++语言,你会感觉 Java很眼熟,因为 Java中许多基本语句的语法和 C++一样\n" +
                    "。如果从语言的简单性方面看...nhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh");
    
            // 添加一个Scroll 面板
            JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area);
            container.add(scrollPane);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test18JScrollPanel();
        }
    }

如下图

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

## 按钮 ##

*  图片按钮

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /** * @Title: Test19JButton * @Package JavaGUI * @Description: 实现一个图片按钮 * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 22:38 */
    public class Test19JButton extends JFrame { 
    
        public Test19JButton() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            // 将一个图片变成图标
            URL url = Test19JButton.class.getResource("1.png");
            ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
    
            // 把这个图标放在按钮上
            JButton button = new JButton();
            button.setIcon(imageIcon);
            button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
    
            //add
            container.add(button);
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(50,30);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test19JButton();
        }
    }

*  单选按钮

将三个按钮放在一个组里，在组里只能有一个被选中

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /** * @Title: Test20Button * @Package * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 22:49 */
    public class Test20Button extends JFrame{ 
    
        public Test20Button() throws HeadlessException { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            // 将一个图片变成图标
            URL url = Test19JButton.class.getResource("1.png");
            ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
    
            //单选框
            JRadioButton radioButton01 = new JRadioButton("男");
            JRadioButton radioButton02 = new JRadioButton("女");
            JRadioButton radioButton03 = new JRadioButton("未知");
            // 由于是单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
            ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
            group.add(radioButton01);
            group.add(radioButton02);
            group.add(radioButton03);
    
            container.add(radioButton01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
            container.add(radioButton02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
            container.add(radioButton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(50,30);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test20Button();
        }
    }

如下图

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

*  复选按钮

去掉分组框，就变成复选按钮了

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /** * @Title: Test20Button * @Package * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 22:49 */
    public class Test20Button extends JFrame{ 
    
        public Test20Button() throws HeadlessException { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            // 将一个图片变成图标
            URL url = Test19JButton.class.getResource("1.png");
            ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
    
            //单选框
            JRadioButton radioButton01 = new JRadioButton("写代码");
            JRadioButton radioButton02 = new JRadioButton("读书");
            JRadioButton radioButton03 = new JRadioButton("陪女朋友逛街");
            JRadioButton radioButton04 = new JRadioButton("打游戏");
    
            // 由于是单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
            container.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,4));
            container.add(radioButton01);
            container.add(radioButton02);
            container.add(radioButton03);
            container.add(radioButton04);
            this.pack();
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(50,30);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test20Button();
        }
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

## 列表 ##

package JavaGUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    
    /** * @Title: Test21Combobox * @Package JavaGUI * @Description: * @author: maze * @date 2020/10/20下午 23:29 */
    public class Test21Combobox extends JFrame { 
        public Test21Combobox() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
    
            JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
            comboBox.addItem(null);
            comboBox.addItem("正在上映");
            comboBox.addItem("即将上映");
            comboBox.addItem("已下架");
            container.add(comboBox);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(500,350);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test21Combobox();
        }
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_1_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNzYzMzQ0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

列表框

public class Test21Combobox extends JFrame { 
        public Test21Combobox() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
    
            // 生成列表内容
            String[] contents = { "1","2","3"};
            // 列表中需要放入的内容
            JList jList = new JList(contents);
            container.add(jList);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(500,350);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test21Combobox();
        }
    }

## 文本框 ##

*  文本框

public class Test21Combobox extends JFrame { 
        public Test21Combobox() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
    
            JTextField field1 = new JTextField("hello");
            JTextField field2 = new JTextField("hello",20);
            container.add(field1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
            container.add(field2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(500,350);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test21Combobox();
        }
    }

*  密码框

public class Test21Combobox extends JFrame { 
        public Test21Combobox() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
    
            JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
            passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
            container.add(passwordField);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(500,350);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test21Combobox();
        }
    }

*  文本域

public class Test21Combobox extends JFrame { 
        public Test21Combobox() { 
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
    
            JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
            textArea.setText("欢迎来到 Java GUI 系列的学习");
    
            //面板
            JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
            container.add(scrollPane);
    
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(500,350);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            new Test21Combobox();
        }
    }

到这里 GUI 的重点知识就差不多了

写一篇博客是，利用 GUI 编程实现一个贪吃蛇游戏

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