HttpClient、okhttp和RestTemplate的区别

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2022-12-16 09:21 237阅读 0赞

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一、HttpClient

1、pom依赖

  1. <!--HttpClient-->
  2. <dependency>
  3.     <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
  4.     <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
  5.     <version>3.1</version>
  6. </dependency>

2、HttpClient代码实现

  1. public class HttpClientUtil { 
  2.     /** * httpClient的get请求方式 * 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤： * 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数； * 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数； * 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法； * 4.处理响应状态码； * 5.若响应正常，处理HTTP响应内容； * 6.释放连接。 * @param url * @param charset * @return */
  3.     public static String doGet(String url, String charset) { 
  4.         //1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数
  5.         HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  6.         //设置Http连接超时为5秒
  7.         httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);
  8.         //2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数
  9.         GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
  10.         //设置get请求超时为5秒
  11.         getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
  12.         //设置请求重试处理，用的是默认的重试处理：请求三次
  13.         getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
  14.         String response = "";
  15.         //3.执行HTTP GET 请求
  16.         try { 
  17.             int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
  18.             //4.判断访问的状态码
  19.             if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { 
  20.                 System.err.println("请求出错：" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
  21.             }
  22.             //5.处理HTTP响应内容
  23.             //HTTP响应头部信息，这里简单打印
  24.             Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
  25.             for(Header h : headers) { 
  26.                 System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
  27.             }
  28.             //读取HTTP响应内容，这里简单打印网页内容
  29.             //读取为字节数组
  30.             byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
  31.             response = new String(responseBody, charset);
  32.             System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
  33.             //读取为InputStream，在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用
  34.             //InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
  35.         } catch (HttpException e) { 
  36.             //发生致命的异常，可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
  37.             System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");
  38.             e.printStackTrace();
  39.         } catch (IOException e) { 
  40.             //发生网络异常
  41.             System.out.println("发生网络异常!");
  42.         } finally { 
  43.             //6.释放连接
  44.             getMethod.releaseConnection();
  45.         }
  46.         return response;
  47.     }
  49.     /** * post请求 * @param url * @param json * @return */
  50.     public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){ 
  51.         HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  52.         PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
  54.         postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
  55.         postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
  56.         //设置json格式传送
  57.         postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK");
  58.         //必须设置下面这个Header
  59.         postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
  60.         //添加请求参数
  61.         postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));
  63.         String res = "";
  64.         try { 
  65.             int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
  66.             if (code == 200){ 
  67.                 res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
  68.                 System.out.println(res);
  69.             }
  70.         } catch (IOException e) { 
  71.             e.printStackTrace();
  72.         }
  73.         return res;
  74.     }
  76.     public static void main(String[] args) { 
  77.         System.out.println(doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "GBK"));
  78.         System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
  79.         System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
  80.         System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
  82.         JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
  83.         jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");
  84.         System.out.println(doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject));
  85.     }
  86. }

3、建议

代码复杂，还得操心资源回收等。代码很复杂，冗余代码多，不建议直接使用。

二、okhttp

1、简介

OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端，允许所有同一个主机地址的请求共享同一个socket连接；连接池减少请求延时；透明的GZIP压缩减少响应数据的大小；缓存响应内容，避免一些完全重复的请求

当网络出现问题的时候OkHttp依然坚守自己的职责，它会自动恢复一般的连接问题，如果你的服务有多个IP地址，当第一个IP请求失败时，OkHttp会交替尝试你配置的其他IP，OkHttp使用现代TLS技术(SNI, ALPN)初始化新的连接，当握手失败时会回退到TLS 1.0。

2、pom依赖

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
  4.     <version>3.10.0</version>
  5. </dependency>

它的请求/响应 API 使用构造器模式builders来设计，它支持阻塞式的同步请求和带回调的异步请求。

3、配置文件

  1. @Configuration
  2. public class OkHttpConfig { 
  3.     @Bean
  4.     public OkHttpClient okHttpClient() { 
  5.         return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
  6.                 //.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory(), x509TrustManager())
  7.                 .retryOnConnectionFailure(false)
  8.                 .connectionPool(pool())
  9.                 .connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  10.                 .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  11.                 .writeTimeout(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  12.                 .build();
  13.     }
  15.     @Bean
  16.     public X509TrustManager x509TrustManager() { 
  17.         return new X509TrustManager() { 
  18.             @Override
  19.             public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException { 
  20.             }
  21.             @Override
  22.             public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException { 
  23.             }
  24.             @Override
  25.             public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { 
  26.                 return new X509Certificate[0];
  27.             }
  28.         };
  29.     }
  31.     @Bean
  32.     public SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory() { 
  33.         try { 
  34.             //信任任何链接
  35.             SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
  36.             sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{ x509TrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());
  37.             return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
  38.         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 
  39.             e.printStackTrace();
  40.         } catch (KeyManagementException e) { 
  41.             e.printStackTrace();
  42.         }
  43.         return null;
  44.     }
  46.     /** * Create a new connection pool with tuning parameters appropriate for a single-user application. * The tuning parameters in this pool are subject to change in future OkHttp releases. Currently */
  47.     @Bean
  48.     public ConnectionPool pool() { 
  49.         return new ConnectionPool(200, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
  50.     }
  51. }

4、客户端工具

  1. @Slf4j
  2. public class OkHttpClient { 
  3.     private static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
  5.     private volatile static okhttp3.OkHttpClient client;
  7.     private static final int MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION = Integer
  8.             .parseInt(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.max_idle_connection"));
  10.     private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION = Long
  11.             .parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.keep_alive_duration"));
  13.     private static final long CONNECT_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.connectTimeout"));
  15.     private static final long READ_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient. "));
  17.     /** * 单例模式(双重检查模式) 获取类实例 * * @return client */
  18.     private static okhttp3.OkHttpClient getInstance() { 
  19.         if (client == null) { 
  20.             synchronized (okhttp3.OkHttpClient.class) { 
  21.                 if (client == null) { 
  22.                     client = new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder()
  23.                             .connectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  24.                             .readTimeout(READ_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  25.                             .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION, KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION,
  26.                                     TimeUnit.MINUTES))
  27.                             .build();
  28.                 }
  29.             }
  30.         }
  31.         return client;
  32.     }
  34.     public static String syncPost(String url, String json) throws IOException { 
  35.         RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json);
  36.         Request request = new Request.Builder()
  37.                 .url(url)
  38.                 .post(body)
  39.                 .build();
  40.         try { 
  41.             Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute();
  42.             if (response.isSuccessful()) { 
  43.                 String result = response.body().string();
  44.                 log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result);
  45.                 return result;
  46.             }
  47.             String result = response.body().string();
  48.             log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result);
  49.             throw new IOException("三方接口返回http状态码为" + response.code());
  50.         } catch (Exception e) { 
  51.             log.error("syncPost() url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e);
  52.             throw new RuntimeException("syncPost() have a ecxeption {}" + e.getMessage());
  53.         }
  54.     }
  56.     public static String syncGet(String url, Map<String, Object> headParamsMap) throws IOException { 
  57.         Request request;
  58.         final Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(url);
  59.         try { 
  60.             if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headParamsMap)) { 
  61.                 final Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> iterator = headParamsMap.entrySet()
  62.                         .iterator();
  63.                 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 
  64.                     final Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = iterator.next();
  65.                     builder.addHeader(entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue());
  66.                 }
  67.             }
  68.             request = builder.build();
  69.             Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute();
  70.             String result = response.body().string();
  71.             log.info("syncGet response = {},responseBody= {}", response, result);
  72.             if (!response.isSuccessful()) { 
  73.                 throw new IOException("三方接口返回http状态码为" + response.code());
  74.             }
  75.             return result;
  76.         } catch (Exception e) { 
  77.             log.error("remote interface url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e);
  78.             throw new RuntimeException("三方接口返回异常");
  79.         }
  80.     }
  82. }

三、RestTemplate

1、pom依赖

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>

2、get请求（不带参的即把参数取消即可）

  1. // 1-getForObject()
  2. User user1 = this.restTemplate.getForObject(uri, User.class);
  4. // 2-getForEntity()
  5. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, User.class);
  6. HttpStatus statusCode = responseEntity1.getStatusCode();
  7. HttpHeaders header = responseEntity1.getHeaders();
  8. User user2 = responseEntity1.getBody();
  10. // 3-exchange()
  11. RequestEntity requestEntity = RequestEntity.get(new URI(uri)).build();
  12. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);
  13. User user3 = responseEntity2.getBody();

方式一：

  1. Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/{1}/{2}"
  2.                 , Notice.class,1,5);

方式二：

  1. Map<String,String> map = new HashMap();
  2. map.put("start","1");
  3. map.put("page","5");
  4. Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/"
  5.         , Notice.class,map);

3、post请求

  1. // 1-postForObject()
  2. User user1 = this.restTemplate.postForObject(uri, user, User.class);
  4. // 2-postForEntity()
  5. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.postForEntity(uri, user, User.class);
  7. // 3-exchange()
  8. RequestEntity<User> requestEntity = RequestEntity.post(new URI(uri)).body(user);
  9. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);

方式一：

  1. String url = "http://demo/api/book/";
  2. HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
  3. MediaType type = MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
  4. headers.setContentType(type);
  5. String requestJson = "{...}";
  6. HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(requestJson,headers);
  7. String result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, entity, String.class);
  8. System.out.println(result);

方式二：

  1. @Test
  2. public void rtPostObject(){ 
  3.     RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
  4.     String url = "http://47.xxx.xxx.96/register/checkEmail";
  5.     HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
  6.     headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
  7.     MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
  8.     map.add("email", "844072586@qq.com");
  10.     HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
  11.     ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class );
  12.     System.out.println(response.getBody());
  13. }

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