简单Python爬虫获取指定网页内容示例

清疚 2022-12-15 06:06 272阅读 0赞

本文使用BeautifulSoup工具，根据网页源码字段并分析指定网页，爬取对应字段并储存到文件中，供参考。

刚开始参考了一篇文章：[Python获取网页指定内容(BeautifulSoup工具的使用方法)][Python_BeautifulSoup]，自己尝试后，发现出现错误：*urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 418*，查询后发现是：某些网页有反爬虫的机制。解决方法参考：[Python爬虫的urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 418错误][Python_urllib.error.HTTPError_ HTTP Error 418]，可以设置一个Headers信息（User-Agent）,模拟成浏览器去访问这些网站，从而获得数据。  
       爬取的网站为：豆瓣电影（[https://movie.douban.com/top250?format=text][https_movie.douban.com_top250_format_text]）

![在这里插入图片描述][20201015171122484.png_pic_center]

查看网页源码：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201015171039703.png_pic_center]

结合文中两篇文章的代码，整理代码后如下：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from pandas import DataFrame
    
    
    url = 'http://movie.douban.com/top250?format=text'
    headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'}
    ret = Request(url, headers=headers)
    res = urlopen(ret)
    contents = res.read()
    
    soup = BeautifulSoup(contents, "html.parser")
    print("豆瓣电影TOP250" + "\n" + " 影片名 评分 评价人数 链接 ")
    
    df_ret = DataFrame(columns=[" 影片名","评分","评价人数","链接 "])
    
    count =0
    for tag in soup.find_all('div', class_='info'):
        m_name = tag.find('span', class_='title').get_text()
        m_rating_score = float(tag.find('span', class_='rating_num').get_text())
        m_people = tag.find('div', class_="star")
        m_span = m_people.findAll('span')
        m_peoplecount = m_span[3].contents[0]
        m_url = tag.find('a').get('href')
        print(m_name + " " + str(m_rating_score) + " " + m_peoplecount + " " + m_url)
        df_ret.loc[count] = [m_name, str(m_rating_score),m_peoplecount, m_url]
        count = count +1
        # 保存输出结果到csv
        df_ret.to_csv('movies_names_set.csv', encoding= 'gbk')
    print(df_ret.head())

输出csv文件格式如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201015170235180.png_pic_center]

[Python_BeautifulSoup]: https://blog.csdn.net/danielntz/article/details/51861168
[Python_urllib.error.HTTPError_ HTTP Error 418]: https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_37812785/article/details/104247874
[https_movie.douban.com_top250_format_text]: https://movie.douban.com/top250?format=text
[20201015171122484.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/9543e8333b704b39b828db0392baeb9b.png
[20201015171039703.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/cf389eb037ff4f7bb8dfa1a370cbb34a.png
[20201015170235180.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/fc7b226171e84065b26e1dd92cd277f6.png