【ArcGIS】修改mdb/gdb要素类字段顺序脚本

青旅半醒 2022-12-15 03:30 421阅读 0赞

# 一、修改思路 #

1.  将需要修改字段顺序要素类的所有字段信息导出，形成字段信息文本文件
2.  打开字段信息文本，手动添加字段顺序
3.  新建空白要素类，读取字段信息文本，按照字段顺序新建与原数据一致的字段。字段新建完毕后，将数据逐个复制到新建的要素类中。

# 二、脚本实现 #

## 2.1 导出字段信息 ##

# s1_exportField.py
    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import argparse, sys
    import arcpy
    
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
    
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Input argument')
    parser.add_argument('--featureClassPath', '-fc', help='featureClassPath: 必要参数，待修改字段顺序要素类', required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--fieldExportPath', '-fe', help='fieldExportPath：必要参数，要素类字段保存位置，默认值为fields.txt', required=True, default='./fields.txt')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    try:
        fields = arcpy.ListFields(args.featureClassPath)
        with open(args.fieldExportPath, "w") as wf:
            for field in fields:
                if field.name not in ["Shape", "OBJECTID", "OID", "Shape_Area", "Shape_Length"]:
                    line = field.name + ", " + field.aliasName + ", " + field.type + ", " + str(field.length) + ", " + str(field.precision) + ", " + str(field.scale) + ", \n"
                    wf.write(line)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

## 2.2 读取字段信息，新建字段并复制要素 ##

# s2_adjustFieldOrder.py
    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import argparse, os, sys
    import arcpy
    
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
    arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True
    
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Input argument')
    parser.add_argument('--featureClassPath', '-fc', help='featureClassPath: 必要参数，待修改字段顺序要素类', required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--fieldSavePath', '-fs', help='fieldSavePath：必要参数，要素类字段保存位置', required=True)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    try:
        workspace = os.path.split(args.featureClassPath)[0]
        arcpy.env.workspace = workspace
    
        fc_new_name = os.path.split(args.featureClassPath)[1] + '_new'
        geometry_type = "POLYGON"
        template = ""
        has_m = "DISABLED"
        has_z = "DISABLED"
        spatial_reference = arcpy.Describe(args.featureClassPath).spatialReference
    
        arcpy.CreateFeatureclass_management(workspace, fc_new_name, geometry_type, template, has_m, has_z, spatial_reference)
    
        fields = []
        with open(args.fieldSavePath, "r") as rf:
            for line in rf:
                line = line.strip()
                line = line.split(", ")
                field_name = line[0]
                field_aliasName = line[1]
                field_type = line[2]
                filed_length = int(line[3])
                filed_precision = int(line[4])
                field_scale = int(line[5])
                field_order = float(line[6])
                fields.append([field_name, field_aliasName, field_type, filed_length, filed_precision, field_scale, field_order])
            fields = sorted(fields, key=lambda x: x[6])
    
        for field in fields:
            field_name = field[0]
            field_aliasName = field[1]
            field_type = field[2]
            field_length = field[3]
            field_precision = field[4]
            field_scale = field[5]
    
            field_type = field_type.upper()
            if field_type=="STRING":
                field_type="TEXT"
            elif field_type=="SMALLINTEGER":
                field_type="SHORT"
            elif field_type=="INTEGER":
                field_type="LONG"
            
            if field_precision == 0:
                field_precision = ""
            if field_scale == 0:
                field_scale = ""
            
            if field_type=="FLOAT" or field_type=="DOUBLE":
                arcpy.AddField_management(fc_new_name, field_name, field_type, field_precision, field_scale, "",field_aliasName)
            elif field_type=="TEXT":
                arcpy.AddField_management(fc_new_name, field_name, field_type, "", "", field_length, field_aliasName)
            else:
                arcpy.AddField_management(fc_new_name, field_name, field_type, "", "", "", field_aliasName)
    
    
        arcpy.Append_management(args.featureClassPath, fc_new_name, "NO_TEST")
    
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

# 三、使用方法 #

两段脚本分别保存为`s1_exportField.py`和`s2_adjustFieldOrder.py`。  
首先，运行`s1_exportField.py`，读取待排序要素类test，生成字段文件test.txt。

python s1_exportField.py -fc ./test.mdb/test -fe test.txt

接着，打开test.txt，按照需要，在字段文件每一行末尾添加数字，数字大小代表字段顺序。  
最后，运行`s2_adjustFieldOrder.py`，读取编辑过的字段文件，自动生成带有重新排序字段的新要素类，同时将原要素类内的所有要素复制到新要素类中。

python s2_adjustFieldOrder.py -fc ./test.mdb/test -fs test.txt