Java入门学习笔记（十二）——图形界面设计基础、AWT、组件、容器、|| 布局管理器、流式布局管理器、边界布局管理器、卡式布局管理器、|| Java事件处理、事件适配器

布满荆棘的人生 2022-12-12 12:26 222阅读 0赞

# 一、AWT简单介绍 #

> AWT组件包含本地代码，与硬件平台密切相关。  
> Swing组件不含本地代码，可以不受硬件平台的限制。  
> Swing组件属于JFC，主要帮助我们建立图形用户界面。

## 1. 列出本地所有字体的名称等信息 ##

> GraphicsEnvironment类是抽象类，描述了Java应用程序在特定平台上可用的GraphicsDevice和Font对象的集合。

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.Font;
    import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
    
    public class Fonts {
        
    	public static void printFont(Font f)
    	{
        
    		System.out.println("系列名称: "+f.getFamily());
    		System.out.println("字体外观名称: "+f.getFontName());
    		System.out.println("逻辑名称："+f.getName()+"\n");
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		GraphicsEnvironment ge;
    		ge=GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
    		Font[] fonts=ge.getAllFonts();
    		for(Font font:fonts)
    		{
        
    			printFont(font);
    		}
    	}
    }

### 部分运行结果 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

## 2.使用JFrame创建一个简单的Hello应用程序 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Container;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    
    public class HelloJFrame {
        
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		// 创建窗口实例，并设置标题
    		JFrame f=new JFrame("hello 系统");
    		// 
    		JButton b=new JButton("进入系统");
    		Container c=null;
    		JLabel lb=new JLabel("欢迎使用本系统");
    		lb.setForeground(Color.BLUE);
    		c=f.getContentPane();
    		c.add(lb,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    		c.add(b,BorderLayout.EAST);
    		f.setSize(300,150);
    		f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    		// 显示窗口
    		f.setVisible(true);
    	}
    }

### 结果展示 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006204726829.png_pic_center]

## 3.关于窗格的简单程序 ##

### （1）MessagePanel类 ###

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.Graphics;
    
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    
    public class MessagePanel extends JPanel{
        
    	//重载方法
    	protected  void paintComponent(Graphics g)
    	{
        
    		super.paintComponent(g);
    		g.drawString("信息窗格：",10,20);
    		g.drawString("重要的事说三遍:", 100, 40);
    		for(int i=1;i<=3;++i)
    			g.drawString("你是最帅的少年！", 100, 40+i*20);
    	}
    }

### （2）PanulFrame类 ###

package PackageB;
    
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    
    public class PanelFrame extends JFrame{
        
    	private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH=500;
    	private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT=300;
    	public PanelFrame()
    	{
        
    		setTitle("消息框架（谁是最帅的少年？）");
    		setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH,DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    		MessagePanel panel=new MessagePanel();
    		add(panel);
    		//add(panel);
    		setVisible(true);
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		PanelFrame frame=new PanelFrame();
    		frame.setVisible(true);
    	}
    }

### （3）运行结果 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

# 二、布局管理器 #

## 1.流式布局管理器 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.FlowLayout;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    
    public class FlowJFrame {
        
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		// 建新一个JFrame实例，标题为流式布局管理器
    		JFrame f=new JFrame("流式布局管理器例子");
    		// 得到JFrame中的contentPane对象，返回Container对象
    		Container c=null;
    		c=f.getContentPane();
    		// 建新流式布局管理器
    		// 容器的默认对齐方式是FlowLayout.CENTER
    		FlowLayout flowLayout=new FlowLayout();
    		// 修改默认对齐方式
    		flowLayout.setAlignment(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
    		// 将建立的流式布局管理器使用到C容器中
    		c.setLayout(flowLayout);
    		// 创建按钮数组，数组大小为9
    		JButton b[]=new JButton[9];
    		for(int i=0;i<9;++i)
    		{
        
    			b[i]=new JButton("按钮"+i);
    			b[i].setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
    			c.add(b[i]);
    		}
    		f.setSize(500,200);
    		f.setVisible(true);
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

> 修改对齐方式

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.FlowLayout;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    
    public class FlowJFrame {
        
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		// 建新一个JFrame实例，标题为流式布局管理器
    		JFrame f=new JFrame("流式布局管理器例子");
    		// 得到JFrame中的contentPane对象，返回Container对象
    		Container c=null;
    		c=f.getContentPane();
    		// 建新流式布局管理器
    		// 容器的默认对齐方式是FlowLayout.CENTER
    		FlowLayout flowLayout=new FlowLayout();
    		// 修改默认对齐方式
    		flowLayout.setAlignment(FlowLayout.TRAILING);
    		// 将建立的流式布局管理器使用到C容器中
    		c.setLayout(flowLayout);
    		// 创建按钮数组，数组大小为9
    		JButton b[]=new JButton[9];
    		for(int i=0;i<9;++i)
    		{
        
    			b[i]=new JButton("按钮"+i);
    			b[i].setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
    			c.add(b[i]);
    		}
    		f.setSize(500,200);
    		f.setVisible(true);
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

## 2.边界布局管理器 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Container;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    
    public class BorderJFrame {
        
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		// 创建窗口实例，并设置标题
    		JFrame f=new JFrame("边界布局管理器");
    		Container c=null;
    		c=f.getContentPane();
    		c.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    		String direction[]= {
        BorderLayout.EAST,BorderLayout.WEST,
    				BorderLayout.NORTH,BorderLayout.SOUTH,BorderLayout.CENTER};
    		// 创建按钮数组
    		JButton b[]=new JButton[5];
    		for(int i=0;i<5;++i)
    		{
        
    			b[i]=new JButton("按钮"+i);
    			b[i].setBackground(Color.cyan);
    			c.add(b[i],direction[i]);
    		}
    		f.setSize(300,200);
    		f.setVisible(true);
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

## 3.网格布局管理器 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.GridLayout;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    
    public class GridJFrame {
        
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		JFrame f=new JFrame("卡式布局管理器");
    		Container c=null;
    		c=f.getContentPane();
    		c.setLayout(new GridLayout(5,4));
    		JButton b[]=new JButton[9];
    		for(int i=0;i<9;++i)
    		{
        
    			b[i]=new JButton("按钮"+Integer.toString(i));
    			b[i].setBackground(Color.lightGray);
    			c.add(b[i]);
    		}
    		f.setSize(300, 200);
    		f.setVisible(true);
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

## 四、卡式布局管理器 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.CardLayout;
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
    import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    
    public class CardFrame extends MouseAdapter{
        
    		private JFrame f;
    		private Container c=null;
    		private CardLayout card;
    		CardFrame()
    		{
        
    			f=new JFrame("卡式布局管理器");
    			c=f.getContentPane();
    			card=new CardLayout();
    		}
    		
    		public static void main(String[] args)
    		{
        
    			CardFrame cf=new CardFrame();
    			cf.init();
    		}
    		
    		public void init()
    		{
        
    			c.setLayout(card);
    			// 创建窗格数组
    			JPanel p[]=new JPanel[5];
    			// 创建标签数组
    			JLabel lb[]=new JLabel[5];
    			JButton b[]=new JButton[5];
    			for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
    			{
        
    				p[i]=new JPanel();
    				p[i].setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
    				lb[i]=new JLabel("这是第"+i+"卡片");
    				b[i]=new JButton("按钮"+i);
    				p[i].add(lb[i]);
    				p[i].add(b[i]);
    				//p[i].addMouseListener(this);
    				b[i].addMouseListener(this);
    				c.add(p[i],"卡片"+i);
    			}
    			f.setSize(270, 200);
    			f.setVisible(true);
    		}
    		
    		public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
    		{
        
    			card.next(c);
    		}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

# 三、Java事件处理 #

## 1.Triangle1类 ##

package try_a_package;
    
    public class Triangle1 {
        
    	private double a,b,c;
    	String name="三角形";
    	
    	public Triangle1()
    	{
        
    		this(10);
    	}
    	
    	public Triangle1(double x)
    	{
        
    		this(x,x,x);
    	}
    	
    	public Triangle1(double x,double y)
    	{
        
    		this(x,x,y);
    	}
    	
    	public Triangle1(double a,double b,double c)
    	{
        
    		this.a=a;
    		this.b=b;
    		this.c=c;
    		adjustName();
    	}
    	
    	public void adjustName()
    	{
        
    		if(this.isTriangle())
    		{
        
    			double  t;
    			if(a>b)
    			{
        
    				t=a;
    				a=b;
    				b=t;
    			}
    			if(a>c)
    			{
        
    				t=a;
    				a=c;
    				c=t;
    			}
    			if(b>c)
    			{
        
    				t=b;
    				b=c;
    				c=t;
    			}
    			name="三角形";
    			if(c*c==a*a+b*b)
    			{
        
    				name="直角"+name;
    			}
    			else if(a==b&&b==c)
    			{
        
    				name="等边"+name;
    			}
    			else if(a==b||b==c)
    			{
        
    				name="等腰"+name;
    			}
    		}
    		else
    		{
        
    			name="非三角形";
    		}
    	}
    	
    	public boolean isTriangle()
    	{
        
    		if(a+b>c && a+c>b && b+c>a)
    		{
        
    			return true;
    		}
    		return false;
    	}
    	
    	public double    getPerimeter()
    	{
        
    		return a+b+c;
    	}
    	
    	public double getArea()
    	{
        
    		double p,s;
    		p=(a+b+c)/2;
    		s=Math.sqrt(p*(p-a)*(p-b)*(p-c));
    		return s;
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public String toString()
    	{
        
    		String msg=name+"a="+a+",b="+b+",c="+c;
    		if(isTriangle())
    		{
        
    			msg=msg+",周长"+this.getPerimeter()+"，面积"+this.getArea();
    		}
    		return msg;
    	}
    	
    	public static void printHeader()
    	{
        
    		System.out.println("图形名称\t\t边长a\t边长b\t边长c\t周长\t面积");
    	}
    }

## 2.ButtonOfTriangle类 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    
    public class ButtonOfTriangle extends JButton{
        
    	private AreaOfTriangle f;
    	public ButtonOfTriangle(String s,AreaOfTriangle f)
    	{
        
    		// 显示s字符串？
    		super(s);
    		this.f=f;
    		this.addMouseListener(new ButtonAdapterOfTriangle(f));
    	}
    }

## 3.ButtonAdapterOfTriangle类 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
    import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
    
    import javax.swing.JTextField;
    
    import try_a_package.Triangle1;
    
    public class ButtonAdapterOfTriangle extends MouseAdapter{
        
    	private AreaOfTriangle f;
    	public ButtonAdapterOfTriangle(AreaOfTriangle f)
    	{
        
    		this.f=f;
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
    	{
        
    		double a[]=new double[3];
    		JTextField []jt=f.jt;
    		try {
        
    			for(int i=0;i<3;++i)
    			{
        
    				a[i]=Double.valueOf(jt[i].getText().trim());
    			}
    		}catch(Exception ee)
    		{
        
    			f.result.setText("没有输入数据或者输入数据不合法！");
    			return;
    		}
    		
    		Triangle1 t=new Triangle1(a[0],a[1],a[2]);
    		if(t.isTriangle())
    		{
        
    			f.result.setText(t.toString());
    		}
    		else
    		{
        
    			f.result.setText(t.toString());
    		}
    	}
    }

## 4. AreaOfTriangle类 ##

package PackageB;
    
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.Font;
    import java.awt.GridLayout;
    
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    import javax.swing.JTextField;
    
    public class AreaOfTriangle {
        
    	JLabel lb=new JLabel("输入三角形的三条边长：");
    	JLabel result=new JLabel("面积是：");
    	JTextField jt[]=new JTextField[3];
    	private JFrame f;
    	private ButtonOfTriangle b=new ButtonOfTriangle("求周长与面积",this);
    	
    	public AreaOfTriangle()
    	{
        
    		f=new JFrame();
    		f.setTitle("求三角形面积");
    		Container c=f.getContentPane();
    		c.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,1));
    		JPanel p1=new JPanel();
    		p1.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,12));
    		p1.add(lb);
    		for(int i=0;i<jt.length;++i)
    		{
        
    			jt[i]=new JTextField();
    			p1.add(jt[i]);
    		}
    		c.add(p1);
    		c.add(result);
    		JPanel p2=new JPanel();
    		p2.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,3));
    		p2.add(new JLabel(""));
    		p2.add(b);
    		p2.add(new JLabel(""));
    		c.add(p2);
    		f.setSize(1000,200);
    		setFont("楷体",18);
    		f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    		f.setVisible(true);
    	}
    	
    	public void setFont(String fontName,int size)
    	{
        
    		Font font=new Font(fontName,Font.PLAIN,size);
    		lb.setFont(font);
    		for(int i=0;i<jt.length;++i)
    		{
        
    			jt[i].setFont(font);
    		}
    		result.setFont(font);
    		b.setFont(font);
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args)
    	{
        
    		AreaOfTriangle a=new AreaOfTriangle();
    		System.out.println("Success!");
    	}
    }

## 5.运行结果 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 11]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 12]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221123/f2d0960b6d2740ceb6a59037c341452b.png
[20201006204726829.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/6e01bf036ebb44dd9343275ce069960d.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNTYzMjcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20221123/0357251862b54be69501efdd83173f21.png
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