Java网络编程入门(二)

秒速五厘米 2022-12-10 08:47 226阅读 0赞

前言：这是本人在慕课网上学习 一站式学习Java网络编程 全面理解BIO/NIO/AIO 时所做的笔记，供本人复习之用，本文主要讲述**BIO，并实现一个基于BIO的聊天室**，不保证一定准确。

**目录**

第一章 一个简单的客户端、服务端通信的例子

第二章 BIO编程模型

2.1 基于BIO的聊天室

2.2 聊天室服务端

2.3 聊天室客户端

第三章 使用伪异步IO改进多人聊天室

--------------------

# 第一章 一个简单的客户端、服务端通信的例子 #

懒得讲解了，直接上代码，应该都能看懂

1.1 服务端

package bio;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    /**
     * @author ZhangChen
     **/
    public class Server {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            final String quit = "quit";
            final int port =8888;
            ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
            try {
                serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
                System.out.println("启动了服务器，监听端口"+port);
                while(true){
                    //等待客户端连接
                    Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                    System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]已连接");
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                    BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
    
                    //读取客户端发送的消息
                    //readline是读出行分隔符之前的所有信息
                    String msg = null;
                    while((msg=reader.readLine())!=null) {
                        System.out.println("客户端[" + socket.getPort() + "]: " + msg);
                        //回复客户发送的消息
                        writer.write("服务器: " + msg + "\n");
                        writer.flush();
                        if(msg.equals(quit)){
                            System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]已断开连接");
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(serverSocket!=null){
                    try {
                        serverSocket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
            }
        }
    }

1.2 客户端

package bio;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.nio.Buffer;
    
    /**
     * @author ZhangChen
     **/
    public class Client {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            final String quit = "quit";
            final String host = "127.0.0.1";
            final int port = 8888;
            Socket socket = null;
            BufferedWriter writer =null;
            try {
                socket = new Socket(host,port);
                //创建IO流
                BufferedReader reader =  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                writer =  new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
                //等待用户输入消息
                while(true) {
                    BufferedReader consoleReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                    String input = consoleReader.readLine();
                    //发送消息给服务器
                    writer.write(input + "\n");
                    writer.flush();
                    //读取服务器
                    String msg = reader.readLine();
                    System.out.println(msg);
                    if(input.equals(quit)){
                        break;
                    }
                }
    
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(writer!=null){
                    try {
                        writer.close();
                        System.out.println("关闭socket");
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
    
        }
    }

# 第二章 BIO编程模型 #

在上面的代码中，当服务器处理一个客户端请求时，就没办法再处理第二个请求了，我们可以在服务器端再创建一个线程，比如我们将它称为handler，它处理和客户端各种数据的交换，这就是BIO编程模型。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3E2MTAzNzY2ODE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

## 2.1 基于BIO的聊天室 ##

功能：就是每个客户发送的消息能被转发给其他的用户。

客户端需要两个线程：一个读服务器的，一个向服务器写

服务端需要获取线程输出流的集合以把消息进行转发

## 2.2 聊天室服务端 ##

服务端主要是当客户端有请求过来的时候，就开一个新线程来处理请求，主线程循环等待客户端连接，采用主机的端口号来映射连接。

服务器：

package bio.chat;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * @author ZhangChen
     **/
    public class ChatServer {
        private int port = 8888;
        private final String quit = "quit";
        private ServerSocket serverSocket;
        private Map<Integer, Writer> connectedClients ;
    
        public ChatServer(){
            connectedClients = new HashMap<>();
        }
    
        public synchronized void addClient(Socket socket) throws IOException {
            if(socket!=null){
                int clientPort = socket.getPort();
                BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
                connectedClients.put(clientPort,bufferedWriter);
                System.out.println("客户端["+clientPort+"]已连接到服务器");
            }
        }
    
        public synchronized void removeClient(Socket socket) throws IOException {
            if(socket!=null){
                int clientPort = socket.getPort();
                if(connectedClients.containsKey(port)){
                    connectedClients.get(port).close();
                }
                connectedClients.remove(clientPort);
                System.out.println("客户端["+clientPort+"]已连断开连接 ");
            }
        }
    
        public synchronized void forwardMessage(Socket socket,String fwdMsg) throws IOException {
            for(Integer id:connectedClients.keySet()){
                if(!id.equals(socket.getPort())){
                    Writer writer = connectedClients.get(id);
                    writer.write(fwdMsg);
                    writer.flush();
                }
            }
        }
        public boolean readyToQuit(String msg){
            return quit.equals(msg);
        }
        public synchronized void close(){
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                    System.out.println("关闭serverSocket");
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    
        public void start(){
            //绑定监听端口
            try {
                serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
                System.out.println("启动服务器，监听端口： "+port+"...");
                while (true){
                    //等待客户端连接
                    Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                    //创建ChatHandler线程
                    addClient(socket);
                    new Thread(new ChatHandler(socket,this)).start();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                close();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ChatServer chatServer = new ChatServer();
            chatServer.start();
    
        }
    }

处理线程：

package bio.chat;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    /**
     * @author ZhangChen
     **/
    public class ChatHandler implements Runnable{
        private ChatServer server;
        private Socket socket;
        public ChatHandler(Socket socket,ChatServer chatServer){
            this.server = chatServer;
            this.socket = socket;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                String msg = null;
                while((msg=reader.readLine())!=null){
                    String fwdMsg  = "客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]: "+msg+"\n";
                    System.out.print(fwdMsg);
                    if(server.readyToQuit(msg)){
                        break;
                    }
                    server.forwardMessage(socket,fwdMsg);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    server.removeClient(socket);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
        }
    }

## 2.3 聊天室客户端 ##

客户端主要是两个线程，一个主线程监听服务器发来的消息，一个副线程处理用户的输入请求，将请求法向服务器。

主线程：

package bio.chat;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    
    /**
     * @author ZhangChen
     **/
    public class ChatClient {
        final String quit = "quit";
        final String host = "127.0.0.1";
        final int port = 8888;
        private Socket socket;
        private BufferedWriter writer;
        private BufferedReader reader;
        public ChatClient(){
    
        }
        //发送消息给服务端
        public void send(String msg) throws IOException {
            if(!socket.isOutputShutdown()){
                writer.write(msg+"\n");
                writer.flush();
            }
        }
        //从服务端接收消息
        public String receive() throws IOException {
            String msg = null;
            if(!socket.isInputShutdown()){
                msg = reader.readLine();
            }
            return msg;
        }
    
        public boolean readyToQuit(String msg){
            return quit.equals(msg);
        }
        public void start (){
            try {
                //创建socket
                socket = new Socket(host,port);
                //创建IO流
                reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
                //处理用户输入
                new Thread(new UserInputHandler(this)).start();
                //读取服务器转发的消息
                String msg = null;
                while ((msg = receive())!=null){
                    System.out.println(msg);
                }
            }  catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                close();
            }
        }
    
        public void close(){
            if(writer!=null){
                try {
                    System.out.println("关闭socket");
                    writer.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ChatClient chatClient = new ChatClient();
            chatClient.start();
        }
    
    }

监听用户输入的线程：

package bio.chat;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    /**
     * @author ZhangChen
     **/
    public class UserInputHandler implements Runnable{
        private ChatClient chatClient;
        public UserInputHandler(ChatClient chatClient){
            this.chatClient = chatClient;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //等待用户输入消息
            BufferedReader reader =null;
            try {
                reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String msg = null;
                while(true){
                    msg = reader.readLine();
                    chatClient.send(msg);
                    if(chatClient.readyToQuit(msg)){
                        chatClient.close();
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(reader!=null){
                    try {
                        reader.close();
                    } catch (IOException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
    
        }
    }

# 第三章 使用伪异步IO改进多人聊天室 #

如果每来一个连接请求则开一个线程，那么有成千上百个请求的时候就会出问题，所以可以用线程池来解决这个问题。

public class ChatServer {
        private int port = 8888;
        private final String quit = "quit";
        private ServerSocket serverSocket;
        private Map<Integer, Writer> connectedClients ;
        private ExecutorService executorService;
    
        public ChatServer(){
            connectedClients = new HashMap<>();
            executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                    Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
        }
    
        public synchronized void addClient(Socket socket) throws IOException {
            if(socket!=null){
                int clientPort = socket.getPort();
                BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
                connectedClients.put(clientPort,bufferedWriter);
                System.out.println("客户端["+clientPort+"]已连接到服务器");
            }
        }
    
        public synchronized void removeClient(Socket socket) throws IOException {
            if(socket!=null){
                int clientPort = socket.getPort();
                if(connectedClients.containsKey(port)){
                    connectedClients.get(port).close();
                }
                connectedClients.remove(clientPort);
                System.out.println("客户端["+clientPort+"]已连断开连接 ");
            }
        }
    
        public synchronized void forwardMessage(Socket socket,String fwdMsg) throws IOException {
            for(Integer id:connectedClients.keySet()){
                if(!id.equals(socket.getPort())){
                    Writer writer = connectedClients.get(id);
                    writer.write(fwdMsg);
                    writer.flush();
                }
            }
        }
        public boolean readyToQuit(String msg){
            return quit.equals(msg);
        }
        public synchronized void close(){
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                    System.out.println("关闭serverSocket");
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    
        public void start(){
            //绑定监听端口
            try {
                serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
                System.out.println("启动服务器，监听端口： "+port+"...");
                while (true){
                    //等待客户端连接
                    Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                    //创建ChatHandler线程
                    addClient(socket);
                    executorService.execute(new ChatHandler(socket,this));
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                close();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ChatServer chatServer = new ChatServer();
            chatServer.start();
    
        }
    }

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