RabbitMQ入门篇

忘是亡心i 2022-12-08 14:09 185阅读 0赞

## 一、安装rabbitmq并在管理页创建交换器和队列以及绑定 ##

来到docker官网找一个带management的版本，[https://hub.docker.com/\_/rabbitmq][https_hub.docker.com_rabbitmq]

然后下载、运行

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

访问服务器ip:15672，使用默认用户名和密码 guest进行登录![20200919161425347.png][]

创建三个自定义交换器，headers类型不推荐了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

然后创建几个队列

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

然后选择交换器，绑定队列，需要注意的是direct类型的Routing key需要完全匹配，fanout类型不需要匹配Routing key，topic类型需要进行模糊匹配，\*代表一个词，\#代表0个或多个

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

topic类型的绑定如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

发送消息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

## 二、创建项目并测试发送与接受消息 ##

选择web和rabbitmq依赖就行了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

配置文件里配置下host啥的

![20200919170751376.png][]

然后写个测试，发送一条消息试试

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

非常的nice，它直接报错了，然后把put方法拿出来写，它好了，这里原理暂时不太懂，先不深究

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

它默认使用的是jdk序列化

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

为了方便观察，改成json格式吧，使用这个转换器

rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());

也可以写个配置类替换掉默认的转换器

package com.example.amqp.config;
    
    import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
    import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    /**
     * @author baikunlong
     * @date 2020/9/19 19:06
     */
    @Configuration
    public class MyAMQPConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
            return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        }
    
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

运行发送方法，再运行接受方法即可看到消息，在这里接收后，消息就被消费了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

在网页查看需要选择第二项才能消费掉消息

![20200919173046553.png][]

在启动类使用@EnableRabbit注解开启基于注解的RabbitMQ模式，写一个service，使用@RabbitListener注解监听消息队列

package com.example.amqp.service;
    
    import com.example.amqp.bean.Book;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    /**
     * @author baikunlong
     * @date 2020/9/19 19:24
     */
    @Service
    public class BookService {
    
        @RabbitListener(queues = "bkl.news")
        public void receive(Book book){
            System.out.println("收到消息了："+book);
        }
    
    }

然后运行测试类的发送消息方法，即可收到消息，这里的交换器类型为fanout，即所有队列都会收到这条消息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

要获取MessageProperties把入参改成Message即可

@RabbitListener(queues = "bkl")
        public void receive(Message message){
            System.out.println("message.getBody()："+ message.getBody());
            System.out.println("message.getMessageProperties()："+message.getMessageProperties());
        }

# #

## 三、使用AmqpAdmin动态创建交换器和队列 ##

@Resource
        AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;
    
        @Test
        void createExchange(){
            amqpAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("amqpAdmin.exchange.direct"));
            System.out.println("创建Exchange成功");
            amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("amqpAdmin.queue"));
            System.out.println("创建队列成功");
            amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("amqpAdmin.queue", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                    "amqpAdmin.exchange.direct","amqbAdmin.xxx",null));
            System.out.println("绑定amqpAdmin.exchange.direct到amqpAdmin.queue");
        }

成功的创建了交换器和队列并绑定了在一起

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWt1bmxvbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

[https_hub.docker.com_rabbitmq]: https://hub.docker.com/_/rabbitmq
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