大数据云计算技术概述_云计算–概述，类型，优势和未来范围

男娘i 2022-12-08 04:44 167阅读 0赞

![fdc8516dff277493a7bf96f081b8b6fb.png][]

大数据云计算技术概述

Cloud Computing is a type of online on-demand service that includes resources like computer system software, databases, storage, applications, and other computing resources over the internet without any use of physical components.

云计算是一种在线按需服务，其中包括诸如Internet上的计算机系统软件，数据库，存储，应用程序和其他计算资源之类的资源，而无需使用任何物理组件。

In other words, a remote system that helps you to access application, software, and databases from any device via internet connection is known as “Cloud Computing”.

换句话说，可以帮助您通过Internet连接从任何设备访问应用程序，软件和数据库的远程系统称为“云计算”。

![Cloud Computing][]

Why Cloud Computing is more efficient? Here are the three ways which makes Cloud Computing a better option than any traditional web hosting:

为什么云计算效率更高？ 以下是使云计算成为比任何传统网络托管更好的选择的三种方法：

*  It as on-demand service type, which means it is sold on the demand of user particularly by the hour or a minute
    
    它是按需服务类型，这意味着按用户需求出售，特别是按小时或分钟
 *  Flexibility to users from selecting as much and as little of a service according to the requirement at any given point of time
    
    在任何给定时间点都可以根据需求选择尽可能多的服务，从而为用户提供灵活性
 *  Users requires only the computer system and internet connection and rest is managed by the service provider
    
    用户只需要计算机系统和互联网连接，其余的由服务提供商管理

These are three main applications of Cloud Computing which makes it more efficient and a powerful service to rely upon.

这是云计算的三个主要应用程序，这使其更高效，更强大，可以依靠。

### 云计算历史 **(**Cloud Computing History**)** ###

When we see the dates back in 1950s and 1960s, it was not easier for employees as it is now in current scenario. There were some large mainstreams hardware infrastructure installed which we call as “Server Room”. Through these large server rooms employees could only access work files, messages, or a system software for work via physical cables.

当我们看到可追溯到1950年代和1960年代的日期时，对于员工来说，这并不容易，因为现在的情况如此。 安装了一些大型的主流硬件基础架构，我们称之为“服务器机房”。 通过这些大型服务器机房，员工只能通过物理电缆访问工作文件，消息或系统软件以进行工作。

Now imagine, if you are working in that scenario and you have to work in a place where everything is to be done manually. You have to install software manually, import data using physical cables, and if any of the component crashes, it could be catastrophic for complete system.

现在想象一下，如果您在那种情况下工作，并且必须在一个手动完成所有工作的地方工作。 您必须手动安装软件，使用物理电缆导入数据，如果任何组件崩溃，对于整个系统来说可能是灾难性的。

The idea of “Cloud Computing” started emerging from 1970s when IBM introduced an operating system called [VM (Virtual Machines)][VM _Virtual Machines]. The idea of beginning with VM allowed multiple virtual machines on a single node that reduced maintaining of such large mainframes for each user.

“云计算”的想法从1970年代开始出现，当时IBM推出了一种称为[VM(虚拟机)][VM _Virtual Machines]的操作系统。 从VM开始的想法允许在单个节点上使用多个虚拟机，从而减少了每个用户对如此大型主机的维护。

Over the years, Cloud Computing has evolved through many phases from mainframes to virtualization in Cloud. If you want to read a complete history of Cloud Computing, check out the [IBM’s blogpost on Cloud history][IBM_s blogpost on Cloud history].

多年来，云计算已经从大型机发展到云中的虚拟化的多个阶段。 如果您想阅读完整的Cloud Computing历史记录，请查看[IBM关于Cloud history的博客文章][IBM_s blogpost on Cloud history] 。

### 云计算如何消除以前的工作模式？ **(**How Cloud Computing Eliminated Former Working Pattern?**)** ###

It has changed the complete pattern of working environment by eliminating former office culture in following ways:

它通过以下方式消除了以前的办公文化，从而改变了完整的工作环境模式：

*  Large servers were no longer required by IT companies and businesses to house them in a well-ventilated room.
    
    IT公司和企业不再需要将大型服务器放置在通风良好的房间中。
 *  No risk of information loss as companies can now store data directly on Cloud with multiple safeguard options without any vulnerability of loosing data from any physical device.
    
    由于公司现在可以使用多种保护措施将数据直接存储在云中，而不会从任何物理设备丢失数据，因此没有信息丢失的风险。
 *  Duplicate versions of document wiped out with the help of shared access cloud-based files where data is always up to date. Team of Employees don’t have to manage multiple versions of files they are working on.
    
    借助始终基于最新数据的共享访问基于云的文件，消除了重复版本的文档。 员工团队不必管理他们正在处理的文件的多个版本。
 *  No need of dedicated in-house IT support to large companies as manual updating and installation of software has been eliminated completely.
    
    由于完全消除了手动更新和安装软件的需要，因此无需为大型公司提供专门的内部IT支持。
 *  Fixed working place for employees has also been vanished as now employees can work remotely too with cloud-based services.
    
    员工的固定工作场所也已消失，因为现在员工也可以使用基于云的服务进行远程工作。
 *  Large amount of cost involved in installing and maintaining applications of each device was reduced to great extent. This was much beneficial for small and mid-scale enterprises.
    
    在很大程度上减少了安装和维护每个设备的应用程序所涉及的大量成本。 这对中小型企业非常有利。

### 云计算类型 **(**Cloud Computing Types**)** ###

Cloud Computing services are broadly divided into three categories depending on the type of resources being delivered:

根据要交付的资源类型，云计算服务大致分为三类：

**1. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)**

**1.软件即服务(SaaS)**

![Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)][Software-as-a-Service _SaaS]

[Image Source][]

[图片来源][Image Source]

SaaS is a type of cloud-based software or services that delivers complete application over the internet which can be run on distant computers in the Cloud. There is no need to download or install the software on each individual device. The software is entirely managed by the service provider.

SaaS是一种基于云的软件或服务，可以通过Internet交付完整的应用程序，并且可以在云中的远程计算机上运行。 无需在每个单独的设备上下载或安装软件。 该软件完全由服务提供商管理。

**For example:** software like Salesforce CRM dashboard, Quickbooks, Google Apps, Slack, Mint, etc. can be used directly on the cloud and can be customized according to user needs without any coding or programming.

**例如：** Salesforce CRM仪表板，Quickbooks，Google Apps，Slack，Mint等软件可以直接在云上使用，并且可以根据用户需求进行自定义，而无需进行任何编码或编程。

**2. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)**

**2.基础架构即服务(IaaS)**

![Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)][Infrastructure-as-a-Service _IaaS]

[Image Source][Image Source 1]

[图片来源][Image Source 1]

IaaS is suitable for those companies who require computing resources like servers, firewall, data center, and storage capacity. It is the most open-ended type of service which lets businesses perform a lot of customizations themselves. The best part – there is no need of large fund investments as businesses can hire IT resources and infrastructure for fast pace growth and development provided by IaaS.

IaaS适合需要服务器，防火墙，数据中心和存储容量等计算资源的公司。 这是最开放的服务类型，可让企业自己执行许多自定义。 最好的部分–无需大量基金投资，因为企业可以租用IT资源和基础架构来实现IaaS提供的快速增长和发展。

**For example:** Amazon Web services, Rackspace, GCE, Digital Ocean, etc.

**例如：** Amazon Web服务，Rackspace，GCE，Digital Ocean等。

**3. Platform-as-a-Service**

**3.平台即服务**

![Platform-as-a-Service][]

[Image Source][Image Source 2]

[图片来源][Image Source 2]

PaaS lets you focus on software building, hosting, and testing at a faster and low-cost rate. It provides development tools like servers, code libraries, programming interface, etc. without taking any concerns for back-end such as security and infrastructure. PaaS allows multiple users to work on the same application simultaneously. Ultimately with PaaS, one can develop application without any coding skills with drag-drop intuitiveness, deploy new web applications to the cloud in minutes, and reduce complexity.

通过PaaS，您可以更快，更低成本地专注于软件构建，托管和测试。 它提供了开发工具，例如服务器，代码库，编程接口等，而无需担心后端(例如安全性和基础结构)。 PaaS允许多个用户同时处理同一个应用程序。 最终，借助PaaS，无需拖放即可直观地开发具有任何编码技能的应用程序，只需几分钟即可将新的Web应用程序部署到云中，并降低复杂性。

**For example:** Microsoft Azure, Open Shift, Apache Stratos, Heroku, Beanstalk, Magento, etc.

**例如：** Microsoft Azure，Open Shift，Apache Stratos，Heroku，Beanstalk，Magento等。

### 云计算的好处 **(**Benefits of Cloud Computing**)** ###

*  **Reliable** than any traditional web hosting as they are hosted by third parties and in case of any loss or problem, customer support system is easy to access.
    
    由第三方托管，比任何传统的虚拟主机都**可靠** ，如果出现任何丢失或问题，客户支持系统易于访问。
 *  **Flexible** as it can be remotely used from any device and any location with real-time working experience.
    
    **灵活** ，可以从任何设备和任何位置远程使用，并具有实时工作经验。
 *  **Security** is much higher than ever expected with centralization of data and multiple phases of security.
    
    **安全性**远远高于以往任何时候都有望与数据和安全性的多相位的集中化。
 *  **Scalable** as there is no fixed or limited geographic location. Moreover, the software integration with other apps also makes it highly scalable.
    
    **可扩展，**因为没有固定或有限的地理位置。 此外，与其他应用程序的软件集成也使其具有高度可扩展性。
 *  **Pay per use** pricing plans helps businesses to compute resources according to their needs and pay only for that.
    
    **按使用付费**定价计划可帮助企业根据其需求计算资源，并且仅为此付费。
 *  **Multitenancy** feature provides the opportunity of sharing resources to multiple users at given point of time.
    
    **多租户**功能提供了在给定时间点向多个用户共享资源的机会。
 *  **Customizable** cloud software allows users to adapt to the programs ad applications that are customizable.
    
    **可定制的**云软件允许用户适应可定制的程序和广告应用程序。

### 云计算的未来 **(**Future of Cloud Computing**)** ###

The future of Cloud Computing is embracing many advances and high-end capabilities with the help of modern technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) and AI (Artificial Intelligence). Small and mid-scale enterprises are likely to combine multi-cloud services from different service providers which will change the way of doing possible work. Expansion of Cloud adoption by almost every business type will enhance the smart workflows and less dependency on outsiders.

借助IoT(物联网)和AI(人工智能)等现代技术，云计算的未来将迎来许多进步和高端功能。 中小型企业可能会合并来自不同服务提供商的多云服务，这将改变可能的工作方式。 几乎每种业务类型都将采用云技术，这将增强智能工作流程并减少对外部人员的依赖。

**Final Thoughts on Cloud Computing**

**关于云计算的最终想法**

One thing is for sure that Cloud adoption will increase day by day for providing benefits to the businesses as well as consumers alike. Technologies will improve faster and they too would require Cloud for managing and simplifying their work.

有一件事可以肯定，云技术的采用将每天增加，以便为企业和消费者提供利益。 技术将进步得更快，它们也将需要云来管理和简化其工作。

There will likely be more integration in real-word technologies like modes of transportation, smart elevators, automation in restaurants, self-driving cars, etc. Cloud Computing will become necessary for every type of business work and requirements.

诸如运输方式，智能电梯，饭店自动化，自动驾驶汽车等实词技术可能会进行更多集成。对于每种类型的业务工作和要求，云计算都将变得必要。

> 翻译自: [https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com/2019/07/cloud-computing.html][https_www.thecrazyprogrammer.com_2019_07_cloud-computing.html]

大数据云计算技术概述

[fdc8516dff277493a7bf96f081b8b6fb.png]: /images/20221123/948b847c281049709f81973ed5a3d3d7.png
[Cloud Computing]: /images/20221123/a165c8c7bc0d4f80b00ace33412536ee.png
[VM _Virtual Machines]: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/virtual-machines
[IBM_s blogpost on Cloud history]: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/cloud-computing-history
[Software-as-a-Service _SaaS]: /images/20221123/06d5b5fd6f3f411bb406c24865fcb022.png
[Image Source]: https://www.codefire.org/blog/saas-application-development
[Infrastructure-as-a-Service _IaaS]: /images/20221123/90e80fa89e32436587260bcf323f6ae5.png
[Image Source 1]: https://www.cloudoye.com/blog/cloud-computing/significant-features-and-advantages-of-infrastructure-as-a-service-iaas
[Platform-as-a-Service]: /images/20221123/e6cf5a6a0f9c43138d22b38e3a77991f.png
[Image Source 2]: https://ciotechie.com/news/gsa-officials-looking-for-a-vendor-to-manage-its-platform-as-a-service-offering-cloud-gov/
[https_www.thecrazyprogrammer.com_2019_07_cloud-computing.html]: https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com/2019/07/cloud-computing.html