什么是字符编码

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-12-07 15:16 139阅读 0赞

# Character Encoding #

What is the difference between UTF, ASCII and ANSI code format of encoding  
A character encoding tells the computer how to interpret raw zeroes and ones into real characters. It usually does this by pairing numbers with characters. Words and sentences in text are created from characters and these characters are grouped into a character set. There are many different types of character encodings floating around at present, but the ones we deal most frequently with are ASCII, 8-bit encodings, and Unicode-based encodings.

# ASCII #

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a character-encoding scheme and it was the first character encoding standard. It is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. It is a single byte encoding only using the bottom 7 bits. In an ASCII file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number

# ANSI #

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) codes are standardized numeric or alphabetic codes issued by the American National Standards Institute to ensure uniform identification of geographic entities through all federal government agencies. It has served as coordinator of the U.S. private sector, voluntary standardization system for more than 90 years. This is essentially an extension of the ASCII character set in that it includes all the ASCII characters with an additional 128 character codes. ASCII just defines a 7 bit code page with 128 symbols. ANSI extends this to 8 bit and there are several different code pages for the symbols 128 to 255.

# Unicode #

Unicode is a standard which defines the internal text coding system in almost all operating systems used in computers at present, whether it is Windows, Unix, Macintosh, Linux or whatever, because Unicode can handle characters for almost all modern languages and even some ancient languages at the same time, as long as the client has fonts for the particular language installed in his system.

# UTF #

Unicode assigns each character a unique number, or code point. It defines two mapping methods, the UTF (Unicode Transformation Format) encodings, and the UCS (Universal Character Set) encodings. Unicode-based encodings implement the Unicode standard and include UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32/UCS-4. They go beyond 8-bits and support almost every language in the world. UTF-8 is gaining traction as the dominant international encoding of the web. UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 are probably the most commonly used encodings.

What is Unicode, UTF-8, UTF-16  
UTF-8 - uses 1 byte to represent characters in the ASCII set, two bytes for characters in several more alphabetic blocks, and three bytes for the rest of the BMP. Supplementary characters use 4 bytes.

UTF-16 - uses 2 bytes for any character in the BMP, and 4 bytes for supplementary characters.

UTF-32 - uses 4 bytes for all characters.

# Code Unit #

UTF-8 vs Unicode  
For Unicode, the particular sequence of bits is called a code unit. A code unit is a bit sequence used to encode each character of a repertoire.

With US-ASCII, code unit is 7 bits.
    With UTF-8, code unit is 8 bits.
    With EBCDIC, code unit is 8 bits.
    With UTF-16, code unit is 16 bits.
    With UTF-32, code unit is 32 bits.

原文链接：[What is character encoding][]

[What is character encoding]: http://net-informations.com/q/faq/encoding.html