Python使用SMTP发送电子邮件

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-12-07 12:57 160阅读 0赞

In this tutorial we will see how to send email using Python. We will need two python libraries for the same, **smtplib** will be used for making a host for sending email it will also handle routing of email between different servers. **email** package allows us to use HTML and other kind of text in our email, we can also use attachments using the same.

在本教程中，我们将看到如何使用Python发送电子邮件。 我们将需要两个相同的python库， **smtplib** 将用于制作发送电子邮件的主机，还将处理不同服务器之间的电子邮件路由。 **电子邮件** 包允许我们在 **电子邮件** 中使用HTML和其他类型的文本，我们也可以使用相同的附件。

For sending email we will first need to create a local SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server. This can be done by creating an SMTP object from smtplib. Connections from SMTP server are considered as less secure by Gmail so you need to first [allow less secure apps][] from setting for this to work. But this will also allow other less secure apps to use your Gmail so it is highly recommended that you create a new gmail account for this purpose.

为了发送电子邮件，我们首先需要创建一个本地SMTP(简单邮件传输协议)服务器。 这可以通过从smtplib创建一个SMTP对象来完成。 Gmail认为与SMTP服务器的连接安全性较差，因此您需要首先 [允许安全性较差的应用程序][allow less secure apps] 设置为此无效。 但这也会允许其他不安全的应用程序使用您的Gmail，因此强烈建议您为此创建一个新的Gmail帐户。

## Python使用SMTP发送电子邮件 **(**Python Send Email Using SMTP**)** ##

Let us first create an SMTP object for sending email.

让我们首先创建一个用于发送电子邮件的SMTP对象。

import smtplib
    server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
    server.starttls()

Here ***smtp.gmail.com*** is our host address and **587** is port number, here we are using the TLS (Transport Layer Security) encryption which will create an unsecured connection which is being encrypted using **.starttls()** later. If we use SSL (Secured Socket Layer) Protocol then we should use port **485**. We will be sticking with TLS protocol in this tutorial.

这里 ***smtp.gmail.com*** 是我们的主机地址，而**587**是端口号，这里我们使用TLS(传输层安全性)加密，这将创建一个不安全的连接，稍后将使用**.starttls()**对其进行加密。 如果使用SSL(安全套接字层)协议，则应使用端口**485** 。 在本教程中，我们将坚持使用TLS协议。

Now our local server is set up and we are ready to create the body of our email. We will send MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) Multipart email, these are handled by the **email.mime** module of email package.

现在，我们的本地服务器已设置完毕，我们准备创建电子邮件的正文。 我们将发送MIME(多用途Internet邮件扩展名)多部分电子邮件，这些电子邮件由电子邮件包的**email.mime**模块处理。

Documentation for the email mime module can be found [here][]. We will start by first creating a **MIMEMultipart** object which is basically an email object. It will have all the attributes like From, To, Subject, Email body and other email attributes. We will fill all these fields and we are good to go. The text which is going to present on must be converted into a MIME object which is done using the **email.mime.text** module.

电子邮件mime模块的文档可以在 [这里][here] 找到 。 我们将首先创建一个**MIMEMultipart**对象，该对象基本上是一个电子邮件对象。 它将具有所有属性，例如发件人，收件人，主题，电子邮件正文和其他电子邮件属性。 我们将填补所有这些领域，我们很高兴。 必须将要显示的文本转换为使用**email.mime.text**模块完成的MIME对象。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    import smtplib
     
    # creating a Multipart Object for email 
    msg = MIMEMultipart() 
    msg['From'] = "[email protected]"
    msg['To'] = "[email protected]"
    msg['Subject'] = "Python Email"

The above code will set the from, to and subject field in our email. For the body of email we will create a string and convert that into **MIMEText** object and then attach that to **MIMEMultipart** object.

上面的代码将在我们的电子邮件中设置“从”，“到”和“主题”字段。 对于电子邮件正文，我们将创建一个字符串并将其转换为**MIMEText**对象，然后将其附加到**MIMEMultipart**对象。

message = "This email is sent using python."
    msg.attach(MIMEText(message,'plain'))

The **MIMEText** takes two arguments first is the text and the second is the subtype of that text, here we are having plain text therefore our subtype is *plain*.

**MIMEText**有两个参数，第一个是文本，第二个是该文本的子类型，这里我们使用纯文本，因此我们的子类型是 *plain* 。

Only part now remaining is to login into the SMTP server and send the mail. We can login using the from field of msg as we are going to send our msg from that email address.

现在仅剩下的一部分就是登录SMTP服务器并发送邮件。 我们可以使用msg的from字段登录，因为我们将从该电子邮件地址发送味精。

Password = "Password"
    server.login(msg['From'],Password)
    server.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['To'],msg.as_string())
    .sendmail will now send our msg from msg['From'] to msg['To']

The complete is as below :

完整如下：

import smtplib
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
     
    server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
    server.starttls()
     
    msg = MIMEMultipart() 
    msg['From'] = "[email protected]"
    msg['To'] = "[email protected]"
    msg['Subject'] = "Python Email"
     
    message = "This email is sent using python."
    msg.attach(MIMEText(message,'plain'))
     
    Password = "Password"
    server.login(msg['From'],Password)
    server.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['To'],msg.as_string())
     
    print("Message sent from " + msg['From'] + " to " + msg['To'])

**Note** : Sometimes specific ports are blocked on public internet so if you face **TimeourError** then try changing your internet connection.

**注意** ：有时某些端口在公共Internet上被阻止，因此如果您遇到**TimeourError，请**尝试更改Internet连接。

Till now we have seen how to set up local server and send plain messages. Let us now move to how we can send different styles messages and use attachments. Now we will see how can attach html content in email.

到现在为止，我们已经了解了如何设置本地服务器和发送简单消息。 现在让我们转向如何发送不同样式的消息和使用附件。 现在，我们将看到如何在电子邮件中附加html内容。

Everything else will remain the same we just need to change the message string to a HTML text and while converting the string to **MIMEText** object we should specify that the subtype as html. We can attach multiple time to our Multipart object.

其他所有内容将保持不变，我们只需要将消息字符串更改为HTML文本，而在将字符串转换为**MIMEText**对象时，我们应将子类型指定为html。 我们可以将多个时间附加到我们的Multipart对象上。

message = """
 <html>
   <body>
      Hello Everyone , 
        How are you all? 
        <a href="https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com">Crazy Programmer</a> 
        has good Python tutorials.
     
   </body>
 </html>
 """
 message2 = "This is the second attachment"
 msg.attach(MIMEText(message,'html'))
 msg.attach(MIMEText(message2,'plain'))

Now we will move to attachments how attachments can be done in email.

现在，我们将转到附件，说明如何通过电子邮件完成附件。

**Attaching Image:**

**附加图片：**

We should first open our image using in python convert that into an **MIMEImage** object and then attach it to **MIMEMultipart** object.

我们应该首先在python中使用打开图像，将其转换为**MIMEImage**对象，然后将其附加到**MIMEMultipart**对象。

from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
     
    filepath = 'path'
    fp = open(filepath,'rb')
    filecontent = fp.read()
    fp.close()
    msg.attach(MIMEImage(filecontent))

Make sure that you add extension of image while is being used in path of image. The above code will attach image to our mail.

确保在图像路径中使用图像时添加图像扩展名。 上面的代码会将图像附加到我们的邮件中。

**Attaching PDF:**

**附上PDF：**

from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
     
    fp = open('path','rb')
    filecontent = fp.read()
    att = MIMEApplication(filecontent,_subtype="pdf")
    fp.close()
    att.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename='test.pdf')
    msg.attach(att)

Let us now see a code having all the above functionalities:

现在让我们看一看具有以上所有功能的代码：

import smtplib
 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
  
 server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
 server.starttls()
  
 msg = MIMEMultipart() 
 msg['From'] = "[email protected]"
 msg['To'] = "[email protected]"
 msg['Subject'] = "Python Email"
  
 message = "This email is sent using python."
 msg.attach(MIMEText(message,'plain'))
  
 htmlMessage = """
 <html>
   <body>
      Hello Everyone , 
        How are you all? 
        <a href="https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com">Crazy Programmer</a> 
        has good Python tutorials.
     
   </body>
 </html>
 """
 msg.attach(MIMEText(htmlMessage,'html'))
  
 filepath = 'path'
 fp = open(filepath,'rb')
 filecontent = fp.read()
 fp.close()
 msg.attach(MIMEImage(filecontent))
  
 fpPDF = open('path','rb')
 pdfFilecontent = fpPDF.read()
 att = MIMEApplication(pdfFilecontent,_subtype="pdf")
 fpPDF.close()
 att.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename='test.pdf')
 msg.attach(att)
  
 Password = "Password"
 server.login(msg['From'],Password)
 server.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['To'],msg.as_string())
  
 print("Message sent from " + msg['From'] + " to " + msg['To'])

**Sending Personalized Emails**:

**发送个性化电子邮件** ：

Till now we have seen sending general emails to receptionist but this is not of much use, In most of the real case scenario we will need to send personalized emails. We can do this easily just by changing a few things in our code. We will first save all the information into a csv (Comma Separated Values) file.

到目前为止，我们已经看到向接待员发送一般电子邮件，但这并没有太大用处。在大多数实际情况下，我们将需要发送个性化电子邮件。 我们只需更改代码中的一些内容即可轻松做到这一点。 我们将首先将所有信息保存到csv(逗号分隔值)文件中。

For example here, suppose we have a .csv file containing name, email address, marks and grades of students and we want to send emails to all of them containing their marks and grades. We will first create our msg and then we can format it using the .format method in python before sending the mail.

例如，在这里，假设我们有一个.csv文件，其中包含学生的姓名，电子邮件地址，分数和成绩，并且我们希望向所有人发送电子邮件，其中包含他们的分数和成绩。 我们将首先创建味精，然后可以在发送邮件之前使用python中的.format方法对其进行格式化。

Import csv
     
    att = "Hi {name}, your marks are {marks} and your grade is {grade}"
    with open('list.csv') as file :
    	reader = csv.reader(file)
    	# Skipping the header row from csv file 
    	next(reader)
    	for name, email, grade, marks in reader : 
    		msg = MIMEMultipart()
             msg['From'] = "[email protected]"
    		str = att.format(name = name, marks = marks, grade = grade)
    		msg.attach(MIMEText(str,'plain'))
    		server.sendmail(msg['From'],email,msg.as_string())
    		print("Email Sent")
    C

Here **att.format** is formatting our message by taking values from the csv file. This way we can easily send personalized messages to a list of receptionists.

这里的**att.format**通过从csv文件中获取值来格式化消息。 这样，我们可以轻松地向接收者列表发送个性化消息。

For more information on MIMEText, MIMEImage, MIMEMultipart and functions .sendmail(), .attach() you can visit the documentation [here][].

有关MIMEText，MIMEImage，MIMEMultipart和函数.sendmail()、. attach()的更多信息，请访问 [此处][here] 的文档 。

Comment down below if you have queries related to python send email using smtp.

如果您有与python使用smtp发送电子邮件相关的查询，请在下面注释掉。

> 翻译自: [https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com/2019/10/python-send-email-using-smtp.html][https_www.thecrazyprogrammer.com_2019_10_python-send-email-using-smtp.html]

[allow less secure apps]: https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps
[here]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.mime.html
[https_www.thecrazyprogrammer.com_2019_10_python-send-email-using-smtp.html]: https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com/2019/10/python-send-email-using-smtp.html