Nmap-02：Nmap列举远程机器开放的端口

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-12-07 01:17 163阅读 0赞

**目录**

1.Nmap列举远程机器开放的端口原理

2.Nmap列举远程机器开放的端口

2.1 指定DNS服务器

2.2 -Pn停止ICMP请求

2.3 指定端口范围

3.端口状态含义说明

4.Nmap扫描技术查看

--------------------

# 1.Nmap列举远程机器开放的端口原理 #

首先，我们在计算机上安装Nmap软件，我们需要向目的主机发送大量数据包。**首先判断Nmap输入的命令行中是否包含域名，如果包含需要利用DNS服务器进行域名解析，然后发送ICMP Echo Request来探测主机存活性**。如果发现该主机是存活的就继续发送其他数据包。远程机器就会根据发出的数据包作出一定的响应，将信息发送给Nmap，Nmap根据返回的数据包来得到机器信息。

# 2.Nmap列举远程机器开放的端口 #

可以使用命令行直接运行nmap scanme.nmap.org扫描（命令行效率高）：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N1eWViaXViaXU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

另外还可以使用图形化工具zenmap：

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nmap在进行探测之前要把域名通过DNS服务器解析为IP地址，我们也**可以使用指定DNS服务器进行解析。使用--dns-servers参数进行指定**。

我们也可以通过这个扫描结果得到这个scanme.nmap.org域名的其他详细信息，包含ip，状态等：（我们可以用ping命令检查ip结果）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N1eWViaXViaXU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

## 2.1 指定DNS服务器         ##

指定DNS服务器（**可以使用指定DNS服务器进行解析。使用--dns-servers参数进行指定**。）：

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## 2.2 -Pn停止ICMP请求 ##

对于已经知道主机是存活状态或者防火墙是开启的状态，我们可以**使用 -Pn 参数来停止探测之前的ICMP请求，为了达到不触发防火墙安全机制。**![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N1eWViaXViaXU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

## 2.3 指定端口范围 ##

对于默认端口范围，我们并不能满足日常工作需要，我们**可以使用 -p m-n 来指定探测端口范围是m-n之间的所有端口**。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N1eWViaXViaXU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

# 3.端口状态含义说明 #

*  open 表示端口处于开放状态
 *  closed 表示端口处于关闭状态
 *  filterd 表示端口处于过滤无法收到返回的probe状态
 *  unfilterd 表示端口收到返回的probe，但是无法确认
 *  opend/unfilterd 表示端口处于开放或者是未过滤状态
 *  closed/unfilterd 表示端口处于关闭或者是未过滤状态

# 4.Nmap扫描技术查看 #

在命令行中，**输入nmap -h查看nmap自带的帮助信息**。

suye@ubuntu:~$ nmap -h
    Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org )
    Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
    TARGET SPECIFICATION:
      Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
      Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
      -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
      -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
      --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
      --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
    HOST DISCOVERY:
      -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
      -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
      -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
      -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
      -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
      -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
      -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
      --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
      --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
      --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
    SCAN TECHNIQUES:
      -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
      -sU: UDP Scan
      -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
      --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
      -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
      -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
      -sO: IP protocol scan
      -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
    PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
      -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
        Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
      --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
      -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
      -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
      --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
      --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
    SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
      -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
      --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
      --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
      --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
      --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
    SCRIPT SCAN:
      -sC: equivalent to --script=default
      --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
               directories, script-files or script-categories
      --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
      --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
      --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
      --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
      --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
               <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
               script-categories.
    OS DETECTION:
      -O: Enable OS detection
      --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
      --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
    TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
      Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
      's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
      -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
      --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
      --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
      --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
          probe round trip time.
      --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
      --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
      --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
      --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
      --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
    FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
      -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
      -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
      -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
      -e <iface>: Use specified interface
      -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
      --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
      --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
      --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
      --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
      --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
      --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
      --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
      --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
    OUTPUT:
      -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
         and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
      -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
      -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
      -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
      --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
      --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
      --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
      --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
      --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
      --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
      --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
      --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
      --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
    MISC:
      -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
      -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
      --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
      --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
      --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
      --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
      -V: Print version number
      -h: Print this help summary page.
    EXAMPLES:
      nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
      nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
      nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
    SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
    suye@ubuntu:~$

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