【大数据架构】大数据数据仓库与数据中台架构

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-12-06 04:11 245阅读 0赞

## 名词解释 ##

*  **数据仓库**（Data Warehouse，DW）
 *  **数据分层：**

1.  ods层：存储原始数据
2.  dwd层：清洗数据，去除空值、脏数据，超过极限范围的数据，数据脱敏，得到干净的数据
3.  dws层：轻度汇总，形成数据宽表（有数据冗余，但查询性能得到了提高，查询更方便，而join的结果容易产生数据倾斜）
4.  ads层：最终结果

*  **flume配置文件有三个重要组件：**
 *  **source：数据源**

1.  Exec Source：实时搜集一个文件中新增的数据，不支持断点续传
2.  spooling directory source：监控目录，不支持断点续传
3.  TailDir Source：flume1.7以后出现，支持断点续传

*  **channel：内部通道**

1.  memory channel：保存在内存
2.  file channel：保存在磁盘的文件，不会丢失数据，速度慢
3.  kafka channel：整体性能会更好，省去了sink，flume的下一级必须是kafka

*  **sink：数据传输目的地**
 *  **日志数据分为两类：**

1.  公共字段：启动日志数据
2.  业务字段：事件日志数据

## Flume配置文件示例 ##

a1.sources=r1
    a1.channels=c1 c2
    
    # 配置 source
    a1.sources.r1.type = TAILDIR
    a1.sources.r1.positionFile = /opt/module/flume/test/log_position.json
    a1.sources.r1.filegroups = f1
    a1.sources.r1.filegroups.f1 = /tmp/logs/app.+
    a1.sources.r1.fileHeader = true
    a1.sources.r1.channels = c1 c2
    
    # interceptor
    a1.sources.r1.interceptors =  i1 i2
    a1.sources.r1.interceptors.i1.type = com.gupao.flume.interceptor.LogETLInterceptor$Builder
    a1.sources.r1.interceptors.i2.type = com.gupao.flume.interceptor.LogTypeInterceptor$Builder
    
    # 多路复用选择器，replicating（复制选择器）
    a1.sources.r1.selector.type = multiplexing
    a1.sources.r1.selector.header = topic
    a1.sources.r1.selector.mapping.topic_start = c1
    a1.sources.r1.selector.mapping.topic_event = c2
    
    # 配置 channel
    a1.channels.c1.type = org.apache.flume.channel.kafka.KafkaChannel
    a1.channels.c1.kafka.bootstrap.servers = hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092
    a1.channels.c1.kafka.topic = topic_start
    a1.channels.c1.parseAsFlumeEvent = false
    a1.channels.c1.kafka.consumer.group.id = flume-consumer
    
    a1.channels.c2.type = org.apache.flume.channel.kafka.KafkaChannel
    a1.channels.c2.kafka.bootstrap.servers = hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092
    a1.channels.c2.kafka.topic = topic_event
    a1.channels.c2.parseAsFlumeEvent = false
    a1.channels.c2.kafka.consumer.group.id = flume-consumer
    
    # 组件
    a1.sources=r1 r2
    a1.channels=c1 c2
    a1.sinks=k1 k2
    
    # source1
    a1.sources.r1.type = org.apache.flume.source.kafka.KafkaSource
    a1.sources.r1.batchSize = 5000
    a1.sources.r1.batchDurationMillis = 2000
    a1.sources.r1.kafka.bootstrap.servers = hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092
    a1.sources.r1.kafka.topics=topic_start
    
    # source2
    a1.sources.r2.type = org.apache.flume.source.kafka.KafkaSource
    a1.sources.r2.batchSize = 5000
    a1.sources.r2.batchDurationMillis = 2000
    a1.sources.r2.kafka.bootstrap.servers = hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092
    a1.sources.r2.kafka.topics=topic_event
    
    # channel1
    a1.channels.c1.type = file
    a1.channels.c1.checkpointDir = /opt/module/flume/checkpoint/behavior1
    a1.channels.c1.dataDirs = /opt/module/flume/data/behavior1/
    a1.channels.c1.maxFileSize = 2146435071
    a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000000
    a1.channels.c1.keep-alive = 6
    
    # channel2
    a1.channels.c2.type = file
    a1.channels.c2.checkpointDir = /opt/module/flume/checkpoint/behavior2
    a1.channels.c2.dataDirs = /opt/module/flume/data/behavior2/
    a1.channels.c2.maxFileSize = 2146435071
    a1.channels.c2.capacity = 1000000
    a1.channels.c2.keep-alive = 6
    
    # sink1
    a1.sinks.k1.type = hdfs
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.path = /origin_data/gmall/log/topic_start/%Y-%m-%d
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.filePrefix = logstart-
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.round = true
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundValue = 10
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundUnit = second
    
    # sink2
    a1.sinks.k2.type = hdfs
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.path = /origin_data/gmall/log/topic_event/%Y-%m-%d
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.filePrefix = logevent-
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.round = true
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.roundValue = 10
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.roundUnit = second
    
    # 不要产生大量小文件（默认128M）
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollInterval = 10
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollSize = 134217728
    # 写入文件的events数量
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollCount = 0
    
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.rollInterval = 10
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.rollSize = 134217728
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.rollCount = 0
    
    # 控制输出文件是原始文件还是压缩文件
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.fileType = CompressedStream 
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.fileType = CompressedStream 
    
    a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.codeC = lzop
    a1.sinks.k2.hdfs.codeC = lzop
    
    # 拼装
    a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
    a1.sinks.k1.channel= c1
    
    a1.sources.r2.channels = c2
    a1.sinks.k2.channel= c2

## 数据中台架构 ##

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## 离线数据处理流程 ##

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## 实时数据处理流程 ##

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## 两类日志文件处理流程 ##

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