scrapy爬虫简单案例

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2022-12-05 15:08 138阅读 0赞

## 一、创建文件夹 ##

进入cmd命令行,切到D盘

#cmd
    D:

创建article文件夹

mkdir article

## 二、创建项目 ##

scrapy startproject article

## 三、创建爬虫主程序 ##

scrapy genspider xinwen www.hbskzy.cn
    #命令后面加爬虫名和域名
    #不能和项目名同名

## 四、依次编写items,spider,pipelines,settings ##

**items文件:**

# Define here the models for your scraped items
    #
    # See documentation in:
    # https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
    
    import scrapy
    
    
    class ArticleItem(scrapy.Item):
        # define the fields for your item here like:
        title = scrapy.Field()
        link = scrapy.Field()

**spider文件：**

import scrapy
    from shuichan.items import ShuichanItem
    from scrapy import Request
    class YuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'yu'
        allowed_domains = ['bbs.liyang-tech.com']
    
    
        def start_requests(self):
            urls = ['http://bbs.liyang-tech.com/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=4&page=%s'%(i) for i in range(1,20)]
            for i in urls:
                yield Request(url = i,callback = self.next_parse)
    
        def next_parse(self, response):
            www = 'http://bbs.liyang-tech.com/'
            item = ShuichanItem()
            title = response.xpath('//*/tr/th/a[2]/text()')[3:].extract()
            href = response.xpath('//*/tr/th/a[2]/@href')[3:].extract()
            for i in range(len(title)):
                item['title'] = title[i]
                item['link'] = href[i]
                yield item

**pipelines文件:**

# Define your item pipelines here
    #
    # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
    # See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    
    
    # useful for handling different item types with a single interface
    from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
    
    class ArticlePipeline:
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
        	return item

settings文件:

# Scrapy settings for article project
    #
    # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
    # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
    #
    #     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
    #     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    #     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    
    BOT_NAME = 'article'
    
    SPIDER_MODULES = ['article.spiders']
    NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'article.spiders'
    FEED_FORMAT = 'CSV'      #可选
    FEED_URI = '文件名.csv'	 #可选
    
    # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
    #USER_AGENT = 'article (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
    
    # Obey robots.txt rules
    ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

## 五、运行爬虫 ##

编写完检查各个文件代码错误，认真检查  
然后启动爬虫，先进入cmd命令行输入：

cd /D D:/article/article

scrapy crawl xinwen

网页分析的过程这里不讲，请提前测试调试爬虫，否则容易产生报错信息。  
完成后会在article目录下生成一个csv文件：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzE3ODAyODk1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
打开后  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzE3ODAyODk1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
**tip:如果写入空值也是会报错的，可以在管道文件加入if判断**

if 'key' in item:

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzE3ODAyODk1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221123/31187c7fb64047219354289eefb62eb0.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzE3ODAyODk1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20221123/638a5539ea604ee59947ccb9a1852b6d.png