SSM框架整合教程（2020最新版）

╰半夏微凉° 2022-12-04 08:38 223阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*   *  一、搭建数据库环境
     *  二、基本环境搭建
     *   *  1、创建maven项目，添加web支持
         *  2、导入依赖
         *  3、建立项目基本结构
     *  三、MyBatis层编写
     *   *  1、编写数据库配置文件
         *  2、IDEA关联数据库
         *  3、编写MyBatis核心配置文件
         *  4、编写pojo实体类
         *  5、编写dao层
         *   *  1. 编写Mapper接口
             *  2. 编写Mapper接口对应的Mapper.xml
         *  6、编写service层
         *   *  1. 编写service层的接口
             *  2. 编写service层接口实现类
     *  四、Spring层编写
     *   *  1、Spring整合dao层
         *  2、Spring整合service层
     *  五、SpringMVC层编写
     *   *  1、编写spring-mvc.xml
         *  2、Spring配置文件整合
         *  3、配置web.xml
         *  4、编写Controller
         *  5、编写视图层
         *   *  1. 编写index.jsp
             *  2. 编写展示所有书籍页面allBooks.jsp
         *  6、运行测试

--------------------

> **实验环境为**：IDEA2020.1+MySQL8.0.21+Tomcat9.0.36+Maven3.3.9
> 
> **最终项目结构图**：
> 
> ![image-20200907092115586][]

## 一、搭建数据库环境 ##

创建一个存放书籍数据的数据库表

CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
    
    USE `ssmbuild`;
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
    
    CREATE TABLE `books` (
    `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
    `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
    `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
    `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
    KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
    ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
    
    INSERT  INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
    (1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
    (2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
    (3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');

**生成表格**：  
![image-20200905001342967][]

--------------------

## 二、基本环境搭建 ##

### 1、创建maven项目，添加web支持 ###

![image-20200905135859129][]

### 2、导入依赖 ###

<dependencies>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>junit</groupId>
           <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
           <version>4.13</version>
       </dependency>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>mysql</groupId>
           <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
           <version>8.0.21</version>
       </dependency>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
           <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
           <version>0.9.5.5</version>
       </dependency>
    
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
           <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
           <version>2.5</version>
       </dependency>
        
       <dependency>
           <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
           <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
       </dependency>
        
       <dependency>
           <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
           <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
           <version>1.2</version>
       </dependency>
    
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
           <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
           <version>3.5.5</version>
       </dependency>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
           <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.5</version>
       </dependency>
    
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
           <version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
       </dependency>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-jdb	c</artifactId>
           <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
       </dependency>
        
       
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

最后为了防止`maven配置文件无法被导出或生效`，加入以下代码

<build>
       <resources>
           <resource>
               <directory>src/main/java</directory>
               <includes>
                   <include>**/*.properties</include>
                   <include>**/*.xml</include>
               </includes>
               <filtering>false</filtering>
           </resource>
           <resource>
               <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
               <includes>
                   <include>**/*.properties</include>
                   <include>**/*.xml</include>
               </includes>
               <filtering>false</filtering>
           </resource>
       </resources>
    </build>

### 3、建立项目基本结构 ###

![image-20200907092227945][]

> 在`src/main/java`目录下新建以下四个包，为后续实验准备

*  `pojo`：用来放实体类
 *  `dao`：数据访问层，data access object
 *  `service`：服务层，调用dao层
 *  `controller`：控制层，调用service层

--------------------

## 三、MyBatis层编写 ##

### 1、编写数据库配置文件 ###

> 在resource目录下新建`database.properties`
> 
> ![image-20200907092540325][]

*  注意MySQL8.0以上要设置时区，最后加上`serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai`

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
    jdbc.username=root
    jdbc.password=200024

### 2、IDEA关联数据库 ###

![image-20200905002711449][]  
**时区问题解决方案**：[https://blog.csdn.net/liuqiker/article/details/102455077][https_blog.csdn.net_liuqiker_article_details_102455077]

set global time_zone = '+8:00';

打开上述新建的数据表  
![image-20200905002901577][]

### 3、编写MyBatis核心配置文件 ###

> 在resource目录下新建`mybatis-config.xml`
> 
> ![image-20200907092439880][]

*  数据源的配置，交给后续`Spring`去做

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        
        <typeAliases>
            <package name="pojo"/>
        </typeAliases>
    </configuration>

### 4、编写pojo实体类 ###

> 在`pojo`包下创建数据库表所对应的实体类`Books`，这里使用了lombok插件
> 
> ![image-20200907092356810.png][]

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Books { 
        private int bookID;
        private String bookName;
        private int bookCounts;
        private String detail;
    }

### 5、编写dao层 ###

![image-20200907092605602][]

#### 1. 编写Mapper接口 ####

> 在`dao`包下新建`BookMapper`接口，编写增删改查四种业务对应的方法

public interface BookMapper { 
        //增加一本书
        int addBook(Books books);
    
        //删除一本书
        //@Param注解指定传入参数的名称
        int deleteBookByID(@Param("bookID") int id);
    
        //更新一本书
        int updateBook(Books books);
    
        //查询一本书
        //@Param注解指定传入参数的名称
        Books queryByID(@Param("bookID") int id);
    
        //查询全部的书
        List<Books> queryAllBooks();
    }

#### 2. 编写Mapper接口对应的Mapper.xml ####

> 一个`Mapper.xml`对应一个`Mapper接口`，要用`namespace`绑定上述接口

*  实现上述接口里的所有方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="dao.BookMapper">
        
        <insert id="addBook" parameterType="pojo.Books">
            insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCount,detail)
            values (#{bookName},#{bookCount},#{detail})
        </insert>
        
        
        <delete id="deleteBookByID" parameterType="int">
            delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID}
        </delete>
        
         
        <update id="updateBook" parameterType="pojo.Books">
            update ssmbuild.books set
            bookName=#{bookName},bookCounts=#{bookCounts},detail=#{detail}
            where bookID=#{bookID} ;
        </update>
    
         
        <select id="queryByID" resultType="pojo.Books">
            select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID}
        </select>
    
         
        <select id="queryAllBooks" resultType="pojo.Books">
            select * from ssmbuild.books
        </select>
    </mapper>

然后到`mybatis核心配置文件`中注册上述`mapper.xml`

### 6、编写service层 ###

![image-20200907092627828][]

#### 1. 编写service层的接口 ####

> 在`service`包下新建`BookService`接口，同`Mapper接口`里的方法一致

package service;
    
    import pojo.Books;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public interface BookService { 
        //增加一本书
        int addBook(Books books);
    
        //删除一本书
        int deleteBookByID(int id);
    
        //更新一本书
        int updateBook(Books books);
    
        //查询一本书
        Books queryByID(int id);
    
        //查询全部的书
        List<Books> queryAllBooks();
    }

#### 2. 编写service层接口实现类 ####

> 然后再`service`包下新建上述接口的实现类`BookServiceImpl`

*  `service层`用来调用`dao层`，所以内置私有属性为**dao层的Mapper接口对象**

package service;
    
    import dao.BookMapper;
    import pojo.Books;
    
    import java.awt.print.Book;
    import java.util.List;
    
    //service层调用dao层
    public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService { 
        //dao层的Mapper接口对象
        private BookMapper bookMapper;
    
        //set方法，为后续Spring注入准备
        public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) { 
            this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
        }
    
        public int addBook(Books books) { 
            //调用dao层的方法
            return bookMapper.addBook(books);
        }
    
        public int deleteBookByID(int id) { 
            //调用dao层的方法
            return bookMapper.deleteBookByID(id);
        }
    
        public int updateBook(Books books) { 
            //调用dao层的方法
            return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
        }
    
        public Books queryByID(int id) { 
            //调用dao层的方法
            return bookMapper.queryByID(id);
        }
    
        public List<Books> queryAllBooks() { 
            //调用dao层的方法
            return bookMapper.queryAllBooks();
        }
    }

--------------------

## 四、Spring层编写 ##

### 1、Spring整合dao层 ###

> 在resource目录下新建`spring-dao.xml`
> 
> ![image-20200907092655386][]

1.  关联数据库配置文件`database.properties`，要引入context约束
2.  配置`MyBatis`数据源，这里使用第三方的`c3p0`，还可以附加一些私有属性
    
    ![image-20200906124914041][]
3.  创建`sqlSessionFactory`，在 **MyBatis-Spring** 中，则使用 `SqlSessionFactoryBean` 来创建，要配置两个重要属性
    
     *  `configLocation`绑定MyBatis核心配置文件
     *  `dataSource`指定数据源（**必要**）
4.  配置自动扫描包`dao`，动态实现了dao层接口可以注入到Spring容器中
    
    （在原来我们是创建`sqlSessionTemplate`对象，然后再创建一个Mapper接口实现类，其中内置`sqlSessionTemplate`私有对象，通过该对象进行操作）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
    
        
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            
           
           <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
           <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
           
           <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
           
           <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
           
           <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
            
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
            
            <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
            
            <property name="basePackage" value="dao"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>

### 2、Spring整合service层 ###

> 在resource目录下新建`spring-service.xml`
> 
> ![image-20200907092714987][]

1.  配置扫描`service包`，使该包下的注解生效
2.  将所有业务类注入到`Spring`中
3.  配置声明式事务，**需要注入数据源**

--------------------

## 五、SpringMVC层编写 ##

### 1、编写spring-mvc.xml ###

![image-20200907092735743][]

1.  自动扫描包
2.  过滤静态资源
3.  支持mvc注解驱动
4.  视图解析器

### 2、Spring配置文件整合 ###

![image-20200907092812107][]

`applicationContext.xml`导入上述配置文件，作为整体的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
        <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
        <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
    
    </beans>

### 3、配置web.xml ###

![image-20200907092837381][]

*  注册`DispatcherServlet`，需要绑定SpringMVC配置文件，这里一定要绑定整体的配置文件`applicationContext.xml`，并设置启动级别
 *  增加乱码过滤
 *  设置session过期时间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
    
        
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
        
        <filter>
            <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    
        
        <session-config>
            <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
        </session-config>
    </web-app>

### 4、编写Controller ###

> 再`controller包`下新建`BookController`类
> 
> ![image-20200907092858032][]

@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/book")
    public class BookController { 
        //controller层调用service层
        @Autowired
        @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
        private BookService bookService;
    
        //查询全部书籍，并且返回到一个页面进行显示
        @RequestMapping("/allBooks")
        public String list(Model model) { 
            List<Books> books = bookService.queryAllBooks();
            model.addAttribute("list", books);
            return "allBooks";
        }
    }

### 5、编写视图层 ###

> 在`web/WEB-INF/`目录下新建`jsp`包，用来存放我们自定义视图页面
> 
> ![image-20200907092928877][]

#### 1. 编写index.jsp ####

> 超链接跳转到我们自定的展示所有书籍页面`allBooks.jsp`

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>首页</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h5>
        <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBooks">进入书籍页面</a>
    </h5>
    </body>
    </html>

#### 2. 编写展示所有书籍页面allBooks.jsp ####

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>全部书籍展示</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>全部书籍展示</h1>
    ${list}
    </body>
    </html>

### 6、运行测试 ###

配置Tomcat启动测试，记得添加lib目录，否则Tomcat启动不来  
![image-20200906214851091][]  
启动Tomcat后，默认进入的`index.jsp`  
![image-20200906183814837][]

**然后我们点击超链接**![image-20200906235549567][]  
成功显示了我们的所有书籍！

--------------------

**到此位置，SSM整合项目到此结束，后续大家可以自己实现相关业务！！！**

[image-20200907092115586]: https://gitee.com/zhong_siru/images/raw/master//img/image-20200907092115586.png
[image-20200905001342967]: /images/20221123/11e459091c494fa894fc1659b93ffe83.png
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[image-20200905002711449]: /images/20221123/73f9b895cf014b22958027572bc18a70.png
[https_blog.csdn.net_liuqiker_article_details_102455077]: https://blog.csdn.net/liuqiker/article/details/102455077
[image-20200905002901577]: https://gitee.com/zhong_siru/images/raw/master//img/image-20200905002901577.png
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[image-20200907092858032]: https://gitee.com/zhong_siru/images/raw/master//img/image-20200907092858032.png
[image-20200907092928877]: https://gitee.com/zhong_siru/images/raw/master//img/image-20200907092928877.png
[image-20200906214851091]: /images/20221123/48944f0157ff4855b552c9027b34104e.png
[image-20200906183814837]: https://gitee.com/zhong_siru/images/raw/master//img/image-20200906183814837.png
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