MySQL修改提示符（prompt）

灰太狼 2022-12-03 15:55 164阅读 0赞

export MYSQL\_PS1="(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]> "  
prompt (\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]>\\\_  
prompt (\\U) \[\\d\]>\\\_  
prompt \\u@\\d>\\\_  
prompt \\R:\\m:\\s>\\\_  
  
prompt (\\u@\\h) \[\\d\] \\R:\\m:\\s>\\\_  
  
  
\---------------------------------------------------------------------------  
mysql> prompt (\\u@\\h) \[\\d\] \\R:\\m:\\s>\\\_  
PROMPT set to '(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\] \\R:\\m:\\s>\\\_'  
(root@localhost) \[lhrdb\] 23:10:37>

--------------------

Oracle修改提示符：   
  
 --$ORACLE\_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql  
  
  
 --修改提示符  
set linesize 9999 pagesize 9999  
set sqlprompt "\_USER'@'\_CONNECT\_IDENTIFIER> "

--------------------

MySQL 客户端的默认提示符是 "mysql>"，基本上没什么实际作用。其实可以修改这个提示符，让它显示一些有用的信息，例如当前所在的数据库等。修改方法有四种，其中前两种只对当前连接有效，后两种则对所有连接有效。

1、连接客户端时通过参数指定。

1.  mysql --prompt="(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]> "

这样提示符就会变成 (user@host) \[database\]>。其中常用的字符参数有：

*  \\d: 当前数据库
 *  \\h: 服务器地址
 *  \\u: 用户名

还有更多可以可以参考官方文档 [4.5.1.2. mysql Commands][]

2、连接上客户端后，通过 prompt 命令修改。

1.  prompt (\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]>

3、在 MySQL 的配置文件中配置。

1.  \[mysql\]  
2.  prompt=(\\\\u@\\\\h) \[\\\\d\]>\\\\\_

4、通过环境变量配置。

1.  export MYSQL\_PS1="(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]> "

--------------------

官方文档：[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-commands.html][https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_mysql-commands.html]

**4.5.1.2 mysql Commands**

[**mysql**][mysql] sends each SQL statement that you issue to the server to be executed. There is also a set of commands that [**mysql**][mysql] itself interprets. For a list of these commands, type help or \\h at the mysql> prompt:

1.  mysql> help
2.   
3.   
4.  List of all MySQL commands:
5.  Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';'
6.  ?         (\\?) Synonym for \`help'.
7.  clear     (\\c) Clear the current input statement.
8.  connect   (\\r) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host.
9.  delimiter (\\d) Set statement delimiter.
10. edit      (\\e) Edit command with $EDITOR.
11. ego       (\\G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.
12. exit      (\\q) Exit mysql. Same as quit.
13. go        (\\g) Send command to mysql server.
14. help      (\\h) Display this help.
15. nopager   (\\n) Disable pager, print to stdout.
16. notee     (\\t) Don't write into outfile.
17. pager     (\\P) Set PAGER \[to\_pager\]. Print the query results via PAGER.
18. print     (\\p) Print current command.
19. prompt    (\\R) Change your mysql prompt.
20. quit      (\\q) Quit mysql.
21. rehash    (\\\#) Rebuild completion hash.
22. source    (\\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument.
23. status    (\\s) Get status information from the server.
24. system    (\\!) Execute a system shell command.
25. tee       (\\T) Set outfile \[to\_outfile\]. Append everything into given
26.                outfile.
27. use       (\\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument.
28. charset   (\\C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing
29.                binlog with multi-byte charsets.
30. warnings  (\\W) Show warnings after every statement.
31. nowarning (\\w) Don't show warnings after every statement.
32. resetconnection(\\x) Clean session context.
33.  
34.  
35. For server side help, type 'help contents'
36.  
37.

If [**mysql**][mysql] is invoked with the [\--binary-mode][--binary-mode] option, all [**mysql**][mysql] commands are disabled except charset and delimiter in non-interactive mode (for input piped to [**mysql**][mysql]or loaded using the source command).

Each command has both a long and short form. The long form is not case sensitive; the short form is. The long form can be followed by an optional semicolon terminator, but the short form should not.

The use of short-form commands within multiple-line /\* ... \*/ comments is not supported.

*   help \[*arg*\], \\h \[*arg*\], \\? \[*arg*\], ? \[*arg*\]

Display a help message listing the available [**mysql**][mysql] commands.

If you provide an argument to the help command, [**mysql**][mysql] uses it as a search string to access server-side help from the contents of the MySQL Reference Manual. For more information, see [Section 4.5.1.4, “mysql Server-Side Help”][Section_4.5.1.4_ _mysql Server-Side Help].

*   charset *charset\_name*, \\C *charset\_name*

Change the default character set and issue a [SET NAMES][] statement. This enables the character set to remain synchronized on the client and server if [**mysql**][mysql] is run with auto-reconnect enabled (which is not recommended), because the specified character set is used for reconnects.

*   clear, \\c

Clear the current input. Use this if you change your mind about executing the statement that you are entering.

*   connect \[*db\_name* *host\_name*\]\], \\r \[*db\_name* *host\_name*\]\]

Reconnect to the server. The optional database name and host name arguments may be given to specify the default database or the host where the server is running. If omitted, the current values are used.

*   delimiter *str*, \\d *str*

Change the string that [**mysql**][mysql] interprets as the separator between SQL statements. The default is the semicolon character (;).

The delimiter string can be specified as an unquoted or quoted argument on the delimiter command line. Quoting can be done with either single quote ('), double quote ("), or backtick (\`) characters. To include a quote within a quoted string, either quote the string with a different quote character or escape the quote with a backslash (\\) character. Backslash should be avoided outside of quoted strings because it is the escape character for MySQL. For an unquoted argument, the delimiter is read up to the first space or end of line. For a quoted argument, the delimiter is read up to the matching quote on the line.

[**mysql**][mysql] interprets instances of the delimiter string as a statement delimiter anywhere it occurs, except within quoted strings. Be careful about defining a delimiter that might occur within other words. For example, if you define the delimiter as X, you will be unable to use the word INDEX in statements. [**mysql**][mysql] interprets this asINDE followed by the delimiter X.

When the delimiter recognized by [**mysql**][mysql] is set to something other than the default of ;, instances of that character are sent to the server without interpretation. However, the server itself still interprets ; as a statement delimiter and processes statements accordingly. This behavior on the server side comes into play for multiple-statement execution (see [Section 27.8.17, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”][Section_27.8.17_ _C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution]), and for parsing the body of stored procedures and functions, triggers, and events (see [Section 23.1, “Defining Stored Programs”][Section_23.1_ _Defining Stored Programs]).

*   edit, \\e

Edit the current input statement. [**mysql**][mysql] checks the values of the EDITOR and VISUAL environment variables to determine which editor to use. The default editor is **vi**if neither variable is set.

The edit command works only in Unix.

*   ego, \\G

Send the current statement to the server to be executed and display the result using vertical format.

*   exit, \\q

Exit [**mysql**][mysql].

*   go, \\g

Send the current statement to the server to be executed.

*   nopager, \\n

Disable output paging. See the description for pager.

The nopager command works only in Unix.

*   notee, \\t

Disable output copying to the tee file. See the description for tee.

*   nowarning, \\w

Disable display of warnings after each statement.

*   pager \[*command*\], \\P \[*command*\]

Enable output paging. By using the [\--pager][--pager] option when you invoke [**mysql**][mysql], it is possible to browse or search query results in interactive mode with Unix programs such as **less**, **more**, or any other similar program. If you specify no value for the option, [**mysql**][mysql] checks the value of the PAGER environment variable and sets the pager to that. Pager functionality works only in interactive mode.

Output paging can be enabled interactively with the pager command and disabled with nopager. The command takes an optional argument; if given, the paging program is set to that. With no argument, the pager is set to the pager that was set on the command line, or stdout if no pager was specified.

Output paging works only in Unix because it uses the popen() function, which does not exist on Windows. For Windows, the tee option can be used instead to save query output, although it is not as convenient as pager for browsing output in some situations.

*   print, \\p

Print the current input statement without executing it.

*   prompt \[*str*\], \\R \[*str*\]

Reconfigure the [**mysql**][mysql] prompt to the given string. The special character sequences that can be used in the prompt are described later in this section.

If you specify the prompt command with no argument, [**mysql**][mysql] resets the prompt to the default of mysql>.

*   quit, \\q

Exit [**mysql**][mysql].

*   rehash, \\\#

Rebuild the completion hash that enables database, table, and column name completion while you are entering statements. (See the description for the [\--auto-rehash][--auto-rehash] option.)

*   resetconnection, \\x

Reset the connection to clear the session state. This command was added in MySQL 5.7.3.

Resetting a connection has effects similar to [mysql\_change\_user()][mysql_change_user] or an auto-reconnect except that the connection is not closed and reopened, and re-authentication is not done. See [Section 27.8.7.3, “mysql\_change\_user()”][mysql_change_user]) and see [Section 27.8.16, “Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior”][Section_27.8.16_ _Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior]).

This example shows how resetconnection clears a value maintained in the session state:

*  1.  mysql> SELECT LAST\_INSERT\_ID(3);
    2.  \+\-------------------+
    3.  | LAST\_INSERT\_ID(3) |
    4.  \+\-------------------+
    5.  |                 3 |
    6.  \+\-------------------+
    7.   
    8.   
    9.  mysql> SELECT LAST\_INSERT\_ID();
    10. \+\------------------+
    11. | LAST\_INSERT\_ID() |
    12. \+\------------------+
    13. |                3 |
    14. \+\------------------+
    15.  
    16.  
    17. mysql> resetconnection;
    18.  
    19.  
    20. mysql> SELECT LAST\_INSERT\_ID();
    21. \+\------------------+
    22. | LAST\_INSERT\_ID() |
    23. \+\------------------+
    24. |                0 |
    25. \+\------------------+ 
 *   
 *   source *file\_name*, \\. *file\_name*

Read the named file and executes the statements contained therein. On Windows, you can specify path name separators as / or \\\\.

*   status, \\s

Provide status information about the connection and the server you are using. If you are running in [\--safe-updates][--safe-updates] mode, status also prints the values for the[**mysql**][mysql] variables that affect your queries.

*   system *command*, \\! *command*

Execute the given command using your default command interpreter.

The system command works only in Unix.

*   tee \[*file\_name*\], \\T \[*file\_name*\]

By using the [\--tee][--tee] option when you invoke [**mysql**][mysql], you can log statements and their output. All the data displayed on the screen is appended into a given file. This can be very useful for debugging purposes also. [**mysql**][mysql] flushes results to the file after each statement, just before it prints its next prompt. Tee functionality works only in interactive mode.

You can enable this feature interactively with the tee command. Without a parameter, the previous file is used. The tee file can be disabled with the noteecommand. Executing tee again re-enables logging.

*   use *db\_name*, \\u *db\_name*

Use *db\_name* as the default database.

*   warnings, \\W

Enable display of warnings after each statement (if there are any).

Here are a few tips about the pager command:

*  You can use it to write to a file and the results go only to the file:

mysql> pager cat > /tmp/log.txt

You can also pass any options for the program that you want to use as your pager:

mysql> pager less \-n \-i \-S

*  In the preceding example, note the -S option. You may find it very useful for browsing wide query results. Sometimes a very wide result set is difficult to read on the screen. The -S option to **less** can make the result set much more readable because you can scroll it horizontally using the left-arrow and right-arrow keys. You can also use -S interactively within **less** to switch the horizontal-browse mode on and off. For more information, read the **less** manual page:

shell> man less

*  The -F and -X options may be used with **less** to cause it to exit if output fits on one screen, which is convenient when no scrolling is necessary:

mysql> pager less \-n \-i \-S \-F \-X

*  You can specify very complex pager commands for handling query output:

mysql> pager cat | tee /dr1/tmp/res.txt \\ | tee /dr2/tmp/res2.txt | less \-n \-i \-S

In this example, the command would send query results to two files in two different directories on two different file systems mounted on /dr1 and /dr2, yet still display the results onscreen using **less**.

You can also combine the tee and pager functions. Have a tee file enabled and pager set to **less**, and you are able to browse the results using the **less** program and still have everything appended into a file the same time. The difference between the Unix tee used with the pager command and the [**mysql**][mysql] built-in tee command is that the built-in tee works even if you do not have the Unix **tee** available. The built-in tee also logs everything that is printed on the screen, whereas the Unix **tee** used withpager does not log quite that much. Additionally, tee file logging can be turned on and off interactively from within [**mysql**][mysql]. This is useful when you want to log some queries to a file, but not others.

The prompt command reconfigures the default mysql> prompt. The string for defining the prompt can contain the following special sequences.

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;"> Option </td> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> Description </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \C </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current connection identifier (MySQL 5.7.6 and up) </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \c </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> A counter that increments for each statement you issue </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \D </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The full current date </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \d </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The default database </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \h </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The server host </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \l </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current delimiter </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \m </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Minutes of the current time </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \n </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> A newline character </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \O </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current month in three-letter format (Jan, Feb, …) </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \o </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current month in numeric format </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \P </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> am/pm </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \p </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current TCP/IP port or socket file </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \R </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current time, in 24-hour military time (0–23) </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \r </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current time, standard 12-hour time (1–12) </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \S </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Semicolon </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \s </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Seconds of the current time </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \t </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> A tab character </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \U </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Your full&nbsp;user_name@host_name&nbsp;account name </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \u </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Your user name </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \v </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The server version </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \w </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current day of the week in three-letter format (Mon, Tue, …) </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \Y </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current year, four digits </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \y </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The current year, two digits </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \_ </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> A space </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \&nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> A space (a space follows the backslash) </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \' </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Single quote </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \" </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> Double quote </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \\ </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> A literal&nbsp;\&nbsp;backslash character </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#808080;vertical-align:bottom;"> \x </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> x, for any&nbsp;“x”&nbsp;not listed above </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

You can set the prompt in several ways:

*  *Use an environment variable.* You can set the MYSQL\_PS1 environment variable to a prompt string. For example:

shell> export MYSQL\_PS1="(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]> "

*  *Use a command-line option.* You can set the [\--prompt][--prompt] option on the command line to [**mysql**][mysql]. For example:

shell> mysql \--prompt="(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]> "

*  (user@host) \[database\]>

*  *Use an option file.* You can set the prompt option in the \[mysql\] group of any MySQL option file, such as /etc/my.cnf or the .my.cnf file in your home directory. For example:

\[mysql\]

In this example, note that the backslashes are doubled. If you set the prompt using the prompt option in an option file, it is advisable to double the backslashes when using the special prompt options. There is some overlap in the set of permissible prompt options and the set of special escape sequences that are recognized in option files. (The rules for escape sequences in option files are listed in [Section 4.2.6, “Using Option Files”][Section_4.2.6_ _Using Option Files].) The overlap may cause you problems if you use single backslashes. For example, \\s is interpreted as a space rather than as the current seconds value. The following example shows how to define a prompt within an option file to include the current time in HH:MM:SS> format:

\[mysql\] prompt="\\\\r:\\\\m:\\\\s> "

*  prompt=(\\\\u@\\\\h) \[\\\\d\]>\\\\\_

*  *Set the prompt interactively.* You can change your prompt interactively by using the prompt (or \\R) command. For example:
    
    1.  mysql> prompt (\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]>\\\_
    2.  PROMPT set to '(\\u@\\h) \[\\d\]>\\\_'
 *  1.  (*user*@*host*) \[*database*\]> (*user*@*host*) \[*database*\]> prompt
    2.  Returning to default PROMPT of mysql> mysql>

[4.5.1.2. mysql Commands]: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-commands.html
[https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_mysql-commands.html]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-commands.html
[mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql.html
[--binary-mode]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_binary-mode
[Section_4.5.1.4_ _mysql Server-Side Help]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-server-side-help.html
[SET NAMES]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-names.html
[Section_27.8.17_ _C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/c-api-multiple-queries.html
[Section_23.1_ _Defining Stored Programs]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-defining.html
[--pager]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_pager
[--auto-rehash]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_auto-rehash
[mysql_change_user]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-change-user.html
[Section_27.8.16_ _Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/auto-reconnect.html
[--safe-updates]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_safe-updates
[--tee]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_tee
[--prompt]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_prompt
[Section_4.2.6_ _Using Option Files]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/option-files.html