JavaApp自动化测试系列[v1.0.0][Appium常见问题处理]

亦凉 2022-12-03 09:26 253阅读 0赞

## 输入中文 ##

在使用Appium做移动端自动化测试的时候，会遇到输入中文的问题，大致处理方式有以下几种

>  *  将代码文件另存为UTF-8格式
>  *  在Desired Capabilities中增加两个属性unicodeKeyboard和resetKeyboard
>     
>      *  `capabilities.setCapability("unicodeKeyboard", true);`
>      *  `capabilities.setCapability("resetKeyboard", true);`

## 滑动操作 ##

Appium通过swipe函数处理滑动操作

public void swipe(int startx, int starty, int endx, int endy, int duration){ 
    	TouchAction touchAction = new TouchAction(this);
    	// Appium把press-wait-move-release转换成滑动
    	touchAction.press(startx, starty).waitAction(duration).moveTo(endx, endy).release();
    	touchAction.perform();
    }

为了更好的兼容不同分辨率的移动设备，需要在滑动前获取屏幕分辨率

int width = driver.manager().window().getSize().width;
    int height = driver.manager().window().getSize().height;

然后根据分辨率滑动

// 向上滑动
    driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, duration)
    // 向下滑动
    driver.swipe(width/2, height/4, width/2, height*3/4, duration)
    // 向左滑动
    driver.swipe(width/4, height/2, width*3/4, height/2, duration)
    // 向上滑动
    driver.swipe(width*3/4, height/2, width/4, height/4, duration)

### 替代swipe方法 ###

**appium java-client 5.0以后移除了swipe方法，可以使用如下方式实现原来的swipe操作**

package org.davieyang.testscripts;
    
    import java.time.Duration;
    import io.appium.java_client.TouchAction;
    import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
    import io.appium.java_client.touch.WaitOptions;
    import io.appium.java_client.touch.offset.PointOption;
    
    public class SwipeDemo { 
        static Duration duration=Duration.ofSeconds(1);
        public void swipeToUp(AndroidDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { 
            try{ 
                int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().width;
                int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().height;
                TouchAction action1=new TouchAction(driver).press(PointOption.point(width/2, height*3/4)).waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(duration))
                        .moveTo(PointOption.point(width/2, height/4)).release();
                action1.perform();
            }catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    
        public void swipeToDown(AndroidDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { 
            try{ 
                int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().width;
                int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().height;
                TouchAction action2=new TouchAction(driver).press(PointOption.point(width/2, height/4)).waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(duration))
                        .moveTo(PointOption.point(width/2, height*3/4)).release();
                action2.perform();
            }catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public void swipeToLeft(AndroidDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { 
            try{ 
                int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().width;
                int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().height;
                TouchAction action3=new TouchAction(driver).press(PointOption.point(width*3/4, height/2)).waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(duration))
                        .moveTo(PointOption.point(width/4,height/2)).release();
                action3.perform();
            }catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    
        public void swipeToRight(AndroidDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { 
            try{ 
                int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().width;
                int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().height;
                TouchAction action4=new TouchAction(driver).press(PointOption.point(width / 4, height / 2)).waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(duration))
                    .moveTo(PointOption.point(width*3/4,height/2)).release();
                action4.perform();
            }catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    }

## 滚动操作 ##

早期的Appium提供了Scroll方法实现滚动，新版本Appium取消了Scroll方法，但可以通过如下方法实现滚动

package org.davieyang.testscripts;
    
    import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
    import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
    
    public class ScrollDemo { 
        AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver;
    
        /** * UiSelector().scrollable(true).instance(0) 表示找到一个可滑动的对象，通过判断scrollable属性是否为true进行查找 * scrollIntoView 滑动到匹配的selector控件，如果没有匹配到，则停留在滑动列表的最下方 * 在new UiSelector().text(String).instance(0) 待匹配的selector控件中，设置text属性值为指定的string * UiSelector().textContains(string).instance(0) 待匹配的selector控件，指定text属性值包含指定的string * @param str 字符串参数 */
        public void scrollToElement(String str){ 
            driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true).instance(0)).ScrollIntoView(new UiSelector().textContains(\"" + str + "\").instance(0)))");
        }
    
        /** * * @param str */
        public void scrollToExactElement(String str){ 
            driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true).instance(0)).scrollIntoView(new UiSelector().textContains(\"" + str + "\").instance(0)))");
        }
    }

## 输入Android按键 ##

/** * 清除编辑框的内容，首先获取编辑框中文本的长度，将光标移动到文本的尾部 * 按退格键直到所有文本被删除 */
    public void clearText(String text){ 
    	for(int i=0; i<text.length(); i++){ 
    		// 123:KEYCODE_MOVE_END 光标移动到末尾
    		driver.pressKeyCode(123);
    		// 67:KEYCODE_DEL 退格键
    		driver.pressKeyCode(67);
    	}
    }

## 处理Popup Window ##

Popup Window是一个弹出窗口控件，可以用来显示任意视图，而且会浮动在当前活动的顶部，通过UI Automator Viewer无法识别，通过Hierarchy Viewer才可以识别到Popup Window，解决方案有二

### 通过Tap方法 ###

WebElement btn = driver.findElementById("showPopupWindowButton");
    btn.click();
    driver.tap(1,214,475,10);

### 通过TouchAction方法 ###

WebElement btn = driver.findElementById("showPopupWindowButton");
    btn.click();
    TouchAction action = new TouchAction(driver);
    action.press(214,475.release().perform());

### 代码示例 ###

import java.util.*;
    import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
    public class Popuppointer{ 
    	public void ball(){ 
    		Point x1 = new Point(111,222);
    		Point x2 = new Point(333,444);
    		Point x3 = new Point(555,666);
    		HashMap<Integer, Point> ball = new HashMap<Integer, Point>();
    		ball.put(1, x1);
    		ball.put(2, x2);
    		ball.put(3, x3);
    	}
    }

--------------------

#### 方法调用 ####

driver.tap(1, Popuppointer.ball().get(1).x, Popuppointer.ball().get(1).y, 30);
    driver.tap(1, Popuppointer.ball().get(2).x, Popuppointer.ball().get(2).y, 30);
    driver.tap(1, Popuppointer.ball().get(3).x, Popuppointer.ball().get(3).y, 30);

## 处理长按 ##

package org.davieyang.testscripts;
    import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
    import io.appium.java_client.TouchAction;
    import io.appium.java_client.touch.LongPressOptions;
    import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
    
    public class LongPress { 
        AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver;
        @Test
        public void testLongPress(){ 
            WebElement dail = driver.findElementByName("拨号");
            dail.click();
            TouchAction touchAction = new TouchAction(driver);
            WebElement star = driver.findElementById("star");
            touchAction.longPress((LongPressOptions) star).perform();
            WebElement result = driver.findElementById("digits");
            assert result.getText().equals("P"):"Actual value is "+ result.getText()+"did not match expected value: P";
        }
    }

## 处理下拉列表框 ##

package org.davieyang.testscripts;
    
    
    import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
    import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
    
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class LongPressDemo { 
        AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver;
        public void checkedTextView(){ 
            // 使用class属性选择所有的单选按钮，放入List
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            List<MobileElement> checkedTextViews = (List<MobileElement>) driver.findElementsByClassName("android.widget.CheckedTextView");
            for(MobileElement checkedTextView:checkedTextViews){ 
                if (checkedTextView.getAttribute("name").equals("Ruby")){ 
                    if(!checkedTextView.isSelected()){ 
                        checkedTextView.click();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

## 处理缩放 ##

// x,y表示偏移量
    public void zoom(int x, int y){ 
    	MultiTouchAction multiTouch = new MultiTouchAction(driver);
    	int scrHeight = driver.manager().window().getSize().getHeight();
    	int yOffset = 100;
    	if(y - 100 < 0){ 
    		yOffset = y;
    	}else if(y + 100 > scrHeight){ 
    		yOffset = scrHeight - y;
    	}
    	TouchAction action1 = new TouchAction(driver).press(x, y).moveTo(x, y - yOffset).release();
    	TouchAction action2 = new TouchAction(driver).press(x, y).moveTo(x, y + yOffset).release();
    	multiTouch.add(action1).add(action2);
    	multiTouch.perform();
    }

## 检查元素文本是否可见 ##

@Test
    public void testElementPresent() throws InterruptedException{ 
    	String expectValue = "Text is sometimes displayed";
    	MobileElement visibleButtonElement = (MobileElement)driver.findElementById("io.selendroid.testapp:id/visibleButtonTest");
    	visibleButtonElement.click();
    	By visibileButtonBy = By.id("io.selendroid.testapp:id/visibleTextView");
    	if(isElementPresented(visibileButtonBy)){ 
    		String visibileButtonText = driver.findElement(visibileButtonBy).getAttribute("text");
    		if(visibileButtonText.contains(expectValue)){ 
    			System.out.println("查找控件成功")
    		}else{ 
    			Assert.fail("查找控件失败");
    			}
    	}
    }
    public boolean isElementPresented(By by){ 
    	try{ 
    		isDisplayed = driver.findElement(by).isDisplayed();
    	}catch(NoSuchElementException e){ 
    		isDisplayed = false;
    	}
    	return isDisplayed;
    }

## 启动其他App ##

@Test(description="测试启动App")
    public void TeststartActivity(){ 
    	MobileElement meishiElement = (MobileElement) driver.findElement(By.xpath("xxxxxx"));
    	meishiElement.click();
    	String androidPackage = "io.selendroid.testapp";
    	String androidStartActivity = ".HomeScreenActivity";
    	driver.startActivity(new Activity(androidPackage, androidStartActivity));
    }

## 处理拖动 ##

public void drag(By startElementBy, By endElementBy){ 
    	TouchAction action = new TouchAction(driver);
    	MobileElement startElement = 
    	MobileElement endElement = 
    	action.press(startElement).perform();
    	action.moveTo(endElement).release().perform();
    }

## 隐式等待 ##

隐式等待有两种方法，implicitly和sleep

### sleep() ###

这是最直接的方式，设置固定的等待时间`Thread.sleep(3000);`

@Test(description = "sleep简单封装")
    private boolean testisElementPresent(By by)throws InterruptedException{ 
    	try{ 
    		Thread.sleep(1000);
    		driver.fineElement(by);
    		return true;
    	}catch(NoSuchElementException e){ 
    		return false;
    	}
    }

@Test(description = "sleep封装")
    public static void testwaitTimer(int units, int mills){ 
    	DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("###.##");
    	double totalSeconds=((double)units*mills)/1000;
    	System.out.println("Explicit pause for" + df.format(totalSeconds)+" seconds divided by "+units+"units of time:");
    	try{ 
    		Thread.currentThread();
    		int x=0;
    		while(x<units){ 
    			Thread.sleep(mills);
    			System.out.println(".");
    			x = x+1;
    		}
    		System.out.println("\n");
    	}catch(InterruptedException e){ 
    		e.printStackTrace();
    	}
    }

### implicitlyWait ###

@Test(description="测试显示等待")
    public void testImplicitlyWait(){ 
    	MobileElement meishiElement = (MobileElement)driver.findElement(By.xpath(""));
    	meishiElement.click();
    	driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    	try{ 
    		driver.findElement(By.xpath());
    	}catch(NoSuchElementException e){ 
    		Assert.fail("没有找到控件")
    	}
    }

## 显示等待方法 ##

Appium中提供了`AppiumFluentWait`来实现显示等待，`AppiumFluentWait`继承自FluentWait,`AppiumFluentWait`的until可以使`Predicate`也可以是`Function`，Function的返回值种类较多，可以是Object或者Boolean，而Predicate只能返回Boolean类型

@Test(description="测试FluentWait")
        public void testFluent(){ 
            MobileElement mobileElement = (MobileElement)driver.findElement(By.xpath("xxxx"));
            new AppiumFluentWait<MobileElement>(mobileElement).withTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).pollingEvery(100,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).until(new Function<MobileElement, Boolean>(){ 
                @Override
                public Boolean apply(MobileElement element){ 
                    return element.getText().endsWith("xxxx");
                }
            });
        }

## 代码中处理adb命令 ##

> 获取CPU的性能指标

package org.davieyang.testscripts;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class adbInCodeDemo { 
        public static void GetCpu(String packageName) throws IOException{ 
            Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
            Process proc = runtime.exec("adb shell dumpsys cpuinfo $" + packageName);
            try{ 
                if (proc.waitFor()!=0){ 
                   System.err.println("exit value = " + proc.exitValue());
                }
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(proc.getInputStream()));
                String line = null;
                String totalCpu = null;
                String userCpu = null;
                String kernalCpu = null;
                while ((line=in.readLine())!=null) { 
                    if(line.contains(packageName)){ 
                        System.out.println(line);
                        totalCpu = line.split("%")[0].trim();
                        userCpu = line.substring(line.indexOf(":")+1, line.indexOf("% user")).trim();
                        kernalCpu = line.substring(line.indexOf("+")+1, line.indexOf("% kernel")).trim();
                        System.out.printf("totalCpu的值为：%s%n", totalCpu);
                        System.out.printf("userCpu的值为：%s%n", userCpu);
                        System.out.printf("kernalCpu的值为：%s%n", kernalCpu);
                    }
                }
            }catch (InterruptedException e){ 
                System.err.println(e);
            }finally { 
                try{ 
                    proc.destroy();
                }catch (Exception ee){ 
                    System.out.println("Say something!");
                }
            }
        }
    }

## 在代码中启动服务器 ##

使用AppiumDriverLocalService可以在代码中启动Appium服务，而不需要手动启动，这无疑给后续的各种执行方式提供了遍历，在代码中启动服务有两种情况

### 没有指定参数 ###

import io.appium.java_client.service.local.AppiumDriverLocalService;
    	...
    	AppiumDriverLocalService service = AppiumDriverLocalService.buildDefaultService();
    	service.start();
    	...
    	service.stop();

> 如果发生异常，那么很可能是使用的node.js实例与环境变量里设置的实例不一致，也可能是Appium node服务导致的（Appium.js版本小于等于1.4.16，Main.js版本大于等于1.5.0）这种情况下可以设置`NODE_BINARY_PATH(node所在路径)和APPIUM_BINARY_PATH(Appium.js和Main.js的执行路径)`到环境变量中或者直接在程序中指定

System.setProperty(AppiumServiceBuilder.NODE_PATH, "node path")
    System.setProperty(AppiumServiceBuilder.APPIUM_PATH, "appium.js path or main.js path")
    AppiumDriverLocalService service = AppiumDriverLocalService.buildDefaultService();

### 指定参数 ###

import io.appium.java_client.service.local.AppiumDriverLocalService;
    import io.appium.java_client.service.local.AppiumServiceBuilder;
    import io.appium.java_client.service.local.flags.GeneralServerFlag;
    ...
    AppiumDriverLocalService service = AppiumDriverLocalService.buildService(new AppiumServiceBuilder().withargument(GeneralServerFlag.TEMP_DIRECTORY, "temporary path"))

或者

import io.appium.java_client.service.local.AppiumDriverLocalService;
    import io.appium.java_client.service.local.AppiumServiceBuilder;
    import io.appium.java_client.service.local.flags.GeneralServerFlag;
    ...
    AppiumDriverLocalService service = new AppiumServiceBuilder().withArgument(GeneralServerFlag.TEMP_DIRECTORY, "temporary path");

需要导入一下3个包

import io.appium.java_client.service.local.flags.GeneralServerFlag;
    import io.appium.java_client.service.local.flags.AndroidServerFlag;
    import io.appium.java_client.service.local.flags.iOSServerFlag;

#### 其他参数 ####

>  *  使用一些特殊端口`new AppiumServiceBuilder().usingPort(4000);`
>  *  使用空闲端口`new AppiumServiceBuilder().usingAnyFreePort();`
>  *  使用其他IP`new AppiumServiceBuilder().withIPAddress("127.0.0.1")`
>  *  确定日志文件\`\`\`new AppiumServiceBuilder().withLogFile(logFile);
>  *  Node.js执行路径`new AppiumServiceBuilder().usingDriverExecutable(nodeJSExecutable);`
>  *  \[appium.js<=1.4.16 or main.js>=1.5.0\]Main.js执行路径`new AppiumServiceBuilder().withAppiumJS(new File(appiumJS));`
>  *  确定服务端的Desired Capabilities
> 
>     DesiredCapabilities serverCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
>     //setCapabilities...
>     AppiumServiceBuilder builder = new AppiumServiceBuilder().withCapabilities(serverCapabilities);
>     AppiumDriverLocalService service = builder.build();
>     service.start();
>     ...
>     service.stop();