（Cisco Packet Tracer）路由实验（配置静态、默认路由与跟踪、配置浮动路由）

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-12-01 01:16 611阅读 0赞

**目录**

1  基础知识

路由表的形成

交换与路由对比

静态路由和默认路由的配置

2 配置静态、默认路由与跟踪实验

检验（从PC0直接ping）

3 浮动路由配置实验

检验

--------------------

# 1  基础知识 #

路由 – 跨越从源主机到目标主机的一个互联网络来转发数据包的过程

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 路由表的形成 ###

*  路由表

– 路由器中维护的路由条目的集合

– 路由器根据路由表做路径选择

*  路由表的形成

– 直连网段

• 配置IP地址，端口UP状态，形成直连路由

– 非直连网段

对于非直连的网段，需要静态路由或动态路由，将网段添加到路由表中

**静态路由** – 由管理员手工配置的，是单向的 – 缺乏灵活性、

**默认路由** – 当路由器在路由表中找不到目标网络的路由条目时，路由器把请求转发到默认路由接口

### 交换与路由对比 ###

*  路由工作在网络层

– 根据“路由表”转发数据

– 路由选择

– 路由转发

*  交换工作在数据链路层

– 根据“MAC地址表”转发数据

– 硬件转发

### 静态路由和默认路由的配置 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

# 2 配置静态、默认路由与跟踪实验 #

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

配置好网段、静态IP、网关后。

再配置路由器的接口：

配置完了R1如图：

![20200825133656730.png][]

配置完了R2如图：  
![20200825134748859.png][]

配置完了R3如图：  
![20200825134554815.png][]

现在全都绿了。  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

**还需要配置路由表。**

首先查看**R1路由表。**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

添加一条路由之后再看路由表  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

现在配置**R2路由表**：  
![20200825152007555.png][]

配置完了之后：  
![20200825151943274.png][]

现在配置**R3路由表**：  
![20200825152201778.png][]

配置完成之后：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

### 检验（从PC0直接ping） ###

C:\>ipconfig
    
    FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
    
       Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::260:47FF:FEB5:64A5
       IP Address......................: 10.1.1.1
       Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
       Default Gateway.................: 10.1.1.254
    
    C:\>ping 20.1.1.1
    
    Pinging 20.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    
    Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
    Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
    Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
    Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
    
    Ping statistics for 20.1.1.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
    
    C:\>
    C:\>ping 30.1.1.1
    
    Pinging 30.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    
    Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254
    Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
    Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254
    Reply from 30.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254
    
    Ping statistics for 30.1.1.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 0ms
    
    C:\>ping 40.1.1.1
    
    Pinging 40.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    
    Request timed out.
    Request timed out.
    Reply from 40.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=125
    Reply from 40.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
    
    Ping statistics for 40.1.1.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
    
    C:\>ping 50.1.1.1
    
    Pinging 50.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    
    Request timed out.
    Reply from 50.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
    Reply from 50.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
    Reply from 50.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
    
    Ping statistics for 50.1.1.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

可以看到都是通的。

# 3 浮动路由配置实验 #

要求：20网段即使断了还可以走30网段

![20200825153242722.png][]

首先还是配置PC0和PC1的静态IP、子网掩码、网关。。。  
然后配置两路由器的**接口 IP 地址**：  
首先是**路由器1**：

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
    
    
    Press RETURN to get started!
    
    
    
    Router>en
    Router#conf t
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
    Router(config)#ho R1
    R1(config)#int f0/0
    R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.254 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no sh
    
    R1(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
    
    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
    
    R1(config-if)#exit
    R1(config)#int f1/0
    R1(config-if)#ip add 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no sh
    
    R1(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
    
    R1(config-if)#exit
    R1(config)#int f1/1
    R1(config-if)#ip add 30.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no sh
    
    R1(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up
    
    R1(config-if)#exit
    R1(config)#do sh ip int b
    Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
    FastEthernet0/0        10.1.1.254      YES manual up                    up 
    FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
    FastEthernet1/0        20.1.1.1        YES manual up                    down 
    FastEthernet1/1        30.1.1.1        YES manual up                    down 
    Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
    
    
    Press RETURN to get started!
    
    
    
    Router>en
    Router#conf t 
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
    Router(config)#ho R2
    R2(config)#int f0/0
    R2(config-if)#ip add 40.1.1.254 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no sh
    
    R2(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
    
    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
    
    R2(config-if)#exit
    R2(config)#int f1/0
    R2(config-if)#ip add 20.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no sh
    
    R2(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
    
    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
    
    R2(config-if)#exit
    R2(config)#int f1/1
    R2(config-if)#ip add 30.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no sh 
    
    R2(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up
    
    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up
    
    R2(config-if)#exit
    R2(config)#do sh ip int b
    Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
    FastEthernet0/0        40.1.1.254      YES manual up                    up 
    FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
    FastEthernet1/0        20.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up 
    FastEthernet1/1        30.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up 
    Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]  
接下来**配置R1、R2路由**：

R1(config)#do sh ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    
         10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
         20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
         30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       30.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1
    
    R1(config)#ip route 40.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.1.1.2
    R1(config)#ip route 40.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 30.1.1.2 6
    R1(config)#do sh ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    
         10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
         20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
         30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       30.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1
         40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    S       40.1.1.0 [1/0] via 20.1.1.2

R2(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 30.1.1.1
    R2(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.1.1.1 3
    R2(config)#do sh ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    
         10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    S       10.1.1.0 [1/0] via 30.1.1.1
         20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       20.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
         30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       30.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1
         40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       40.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

### 检验 ###

PC0直接ping PC1.完全OK！  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

现在去掉一根线：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

再次ping（还是通的，实验成功）：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

之前路由器R1设置的是优先从20网段走，30网段（优先级6）备用，现在20网段被删除，30网段就浮动出来了。  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

如果再连上，那个20网段的路径就又出来了，且依旧是高优先级的。

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221123/614acc48061e49da96691b3d44af54ba.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221123/d428dac0b50f4c43a991ee870cb7aee6.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221123/d3f143cbaed34d7598fc924d0972ca98.png
[20200825133656730.png]: /images/20221123/a0c270be675d4ce9be22e124fad66fa4.png
[20200825134748859.png]: /images/20221123/94a7a1b5144b4a228e0a98a7872abecc.png
[20200825134554815.png]: /images/20221123/f13262d66881415085b47291693e2965.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20221123/5b1b7c6caefd4ccaa9c27b39c712c647.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20221123/880f6c2aca9042059b69abf28fbd62d1.png
[20200825152007555.png]: /images/20221123/741315b04d3349fbb2866bcfd0b7b9b4.png
[20200825151943274.png]: /images/20221123/ae9b155d21da4bf9bdd974e8b69d5b3c.png
[20200825152201778.png]: /images/20221123/f17f532610ab449598bc535cf51fa618.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20221123/19517c0f5d48404ba256423e7b66aebd.png
[20200825153242722.png]: /images/20221123/d31944cd992f44c0ada08bcd481999d0.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: /images/20221123/fb03c22e01ab424b837f2bcc0ba80dcd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: /images/20221123/cc1fed952ff74f589932e46b82bc4e35.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0RyaWZ0ZXJfR2FsYXh5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]: /images/20221123/881199c1681942f4bbeccafbd4b7728d.png