Python之Turtle库Demo案例

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-11-30 15:43 390阅读 0赞

Turtle Demo 是 Python 自带的一个演示程序，无论是 Anaconda 安装还是使用原生 Python 安装都会有这个程序。下面所使用的各种图像，都是用turtle库绘制完成的。  
下面就用**pycharm**给大家示范几个简单的案例：

## 演示案例： ##

### 向日葵 ###

import turtle
    import time
    
    turtle.speed(10)
    turtle.color("red", "yellow")
    
    turtle.begin_fill()
    for _ in range(50):
        turtle.forward(200)
        turtle.left(170)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.done()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

### 正方形阵图 ###

import turtle

turtle.color('black', 'red')
    turtle.speed("fastest")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    for x in range(100):
         turtle.forward(2*x)
         turtle.left(90)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.done()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

### 七彩螺旋纹 ###

import turtle
    
    turtle.tracer(0)
    turtle.pensize(2)
    turtle.bgcolor("black")
    colors=["red","blue","yellow","purple"]
    for x in range(300):
        turtle.color(colors[x%4])
        turtle.forward(2*x)
        turtle.left(91)
    turtle.done()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

要是想超快的绘制，把**turtle.speed(“fastest”)换成turtle.tracer(0)**，打开直接就是结果。

## Python自带Demo ##

启动命令：

python –m turtledemo

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]模式解析：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

## 模式案例 ##

### bytedesign ###

from turtle import Turtle, mainloop
    from time import perf_counter as clock
    
    class Designer(Turtle):
        def design(self, homePos, scale):
            self.up()
            for i in range(5):
                self.forward(64.65 * scale)
                self.down()
                self.wheel(self.position(), scale)
                self.up()
                self.backward(64.65 * scale)
                self.right(72)
            self.up()
            self.goto(homePos)
            self.right(36)
            self.forward(24.5 * scale)
            self.right(198)
            self.down()
            self.centerpiece(46 * scale, 143.4, scale)
            self.getscreen().tracer(True)
           
        def wheel(self, initpos, scale):
            self.right(54)
            for i in range(4):
                self.pentpiece(initpos, scale)
            self.down()
            self.left(36)
            for i in range(5):
                self.tripiece(initpos, scale)
            self.left(36)
            for i in range(5):
                self.down()
                self.right(72)
                self.forward(28 * scale)
                self.up()
                self.backward(28 * scale)
            self.left(54)
            self.getscreen().update()
      
       def tripiece(self, initpos, scale):
            oldh = self.heading()
            self.down()
            self.backward(2.5 * scale)
            self.tripolyr(31.5 * scale, scale)
            self.up()
            self.goto(initpos)
            self.setheading(oldh)
            self.down()
            self.backward(2.5 * scale)
            self.tripolyl(31.5 * scale, scale)
            self.up()
            self.goto(initpos)
            self.setheading(oldh)
            self.left(72)
            self.getscreen().update()
           
       def pentpiece(self, initpos, scale):
            oldh = self.heading()
            self.up()
            self.forward(29 * scale)
            self.down()
            for i in range(5):
                self.forward(18 * scale)
                self.right(72)
            self.pentr(18 * scale, 75, scale)
            self.up()
            self.goto(initpos)
            self.setheading(oldh)
            self.forward(29 * scale)
            self.down()
            for i in range(5):
                self.forward(18 * scale)
                self.right(72)   
            self.pentl(18 * scale, 75, scale)
            self.up()
            self.goto(initpos)
            self.setheading(oldh)
            self.left(72)
            self.getscreen().update()
    
    
       def pentl(self, side, ang, scale):
            if side < (2 * scale): return
            self.forward(side)
            self.left(ang)
            self.pentl(side - (.38 * scale), ang, scale)
       def pentr(self, side, ang, scale):
            if side < (2 * scale): return
            self.forward(side)
            self.right(ang)
            self.pentr(side - (.38 * scale), ang, scale)
    
       def tripolyr(self, side, scale):
            if side < (4 * scale): return
            self.forward(side)
            self.right(111)
            self.forward(side / 1.78)
            self.right(111)
            self.forward(side / 1.3)
            self.right(146)
            self.tripolyr(side * .75, scale)
       def tripolyl(self, side, scale):
            if side < (4 * scale): return
            self.forward(side)
            self.left(111)
            self.forward(side / 1.78)
            self.left(111)
            self.forward(side / 1.3)
            self.left(146)
            self.tripolyl(side * .75, scale)
       def centerpiece(self, s, a, scale):
            self.forward(s); self.left(a)
            if s < (7.5 * scale):
                return
            self.centerpiece(s - (1.2 * scale), a, scale)
    def main():
        t = Designer()
        t.speed(0)
        t.hideturtle()
        t.getscreen().delay(0)
        t.getscreen().tracer(0)
        at = clock()
        t.design(t.position(), 2)
        et = clock()
        return "runtime: %.2f sec." % (et-at)
        
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        msg = main()
        print(msg)
        mainloop()

效果展示：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

### chaos ###

from turtle import *
    
    N = 80
    
    def f(x):
        return 3.9*x*(1-x)
    
    def g(x):
        return 3.9*(x-x**2)
    
    def h(x):
        return 3.9*x-3.9*x*x
    
    def jumpto(x, y):
        penup(); goto(x,y)
       
     def line(x1, y1, x2, y2):
        jumpto(x1, y1)
        pendown()
        goto(x2, y2)
    
    def coosys():
        line(-1, 0, N+1, 0)
        line(0, -0.1, 0, 1.1)
    
    def plot(fun, start, color):
        pencolor(color)
        x = start
        jumpto(0, x)
        pendown()
        dot(5)
        for i in range(N):
            x=fun(x)
            goto(i+1,x)
            dot(5)
    def main():
        reset()
        setworldcoordinates(-1.0,-0.1, N+1, 1.1)
        speed(0)
        hideturtle()
        coosys()
        plot(f, 0.35, "blue")
        plot(g, 0.35, "green")
        plot(h, 0.35, "red")
        # Now zoom in:
        for s in range(100):
            setworldcoordinates(0.5*s,-0.1, N+1, 1.1)
        return "Done!"
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()
        mainloop()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

### clock ###

from turtle import *
    from datetime import datetime
    
    def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
        penup()
        right(winkel)
        forward(distanz)
        left(winkel)
        pendown()
    
    def hand(laenge, spitze):
        fd(laenge*1.15)
        rt(90)
        fd(spitze/2.0)
        lt(120)
        fd(spitze)
        lt(120)
        fd(spitze)
        lt(120)
        fd(spitze/2.0)
    
    def make_hand_shape(name, laenge, spitze):
        reset()
        jump(-laenge*0.15)
        begin_poly()
        hand(laenge, spitze)
        end_poly()
        hand_form = get_poly()
        register_shape(name, hand_form)
    def clockface(radius):
        reset()
        pensize(7)
        for i in range(60):
            jump(radius)
            if i % 5 == 0:
                fd(25)
                jump(-radius-25)
            else:
                dot(3)
                jump(-radius)
            rt(6)
    
    def setup():
        global second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand, writer
        mode("logo")
        make_hand_shape("second_hand", 125, 25)
        make_hand_shape("minute_hand",  130, 25)
        make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 90, 25)
        clockface(160)
        second_hand = Turtle()
        second_hand.shape("second_hand")
        second_hand.color("gray20", "gray80")
        minute_hand = Turtle()
        minute_hand.shape("minute_hand")
        minute_hand.color("blue1", "red1")
        hour_hand = Turtle()
        hour_hand.shape("hour_hand")
        hour_hand.color("blue3", "red3")
        for hand in second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand:
            hand.resizemode("user")
            hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
            hand.speed(0)
        ht()
        writer = Turtle()
        #writer.mode("logo")
        writer.ht()
        writer.pu()
        writer.bk(85)
    
    def wochentag(t):
        wochentag = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
            "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
        return wochentag[t.weekday()]
    
    
    def datum(z):
        monat = ["Jan.", "Feb.", "Mar.", "Apr.", "May", "June",
                 "July", "Aug.", "Sep.", "Oct.", "Nov.", "Dec."]
        j = z.year
        m = monat[z.month - 1]
        t = z.day
        return "%s %d %d" % (m, t, j)
    def tick():
        t = datetime.today()
        sekunde = t.second + t.microsecond*0.000001
        minute = t.minute + sekunde/60.0
        stunde = t.hour + minute/60.0
        try:
            tracer(False)  # Terminator can occur here
            writer.clear()
            writer.home()
            writer.forward(65)
            writer.write(wochentag(t),
                         align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            writer.back(150)
            writer.write(datum(t),
                         align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            writer.forward(85)
            tracer(True)
            second_hand.setheading(6*sekunde)  # or here
            minute_hand.setheading(6*minute)
            hour_hand.setheading(30*stunde)
            tracer(True)
            ontimer(tick, 100)
        except Terminator:
            pass  # turtledemo user pressed STOP
    
    def main():
        tracer(False)
        setup()
        tracer(True)
        tick()
        return "EVENTLOOP"
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        mode("logo")
        msg = main()
        print(msg)
        mainloop()

### colormixer ###

from turtle import Screen, Turtle, mainloop
    
    class ColorTurtle(Turtle):
    	
      def __init__(self, x, y):
        Turtle.__init__(self)
        self.shape("turtle")
        self.resizemode("user")
        self.shapesize(3,3,5)
        self.pensize(10)
        self._color = [0,0,0]
        self.x = x
        self._color[x] = y
        self.color(self._color)
        self.speed(0)
        self.left(90)
        self.pu()    
        self.goto(x,0)
        self.pd()
        self.sety(1)
        self.pu()
        self.sety(y)
        self.pencolor("gray25")
        self.ondrag(self.shift)
    
    def shift(self, x, y):
        self.sety(max(0,min(y,1)))
        self._color[self.x] = self.ycor()
        self.fillcolor(self._color)
        setbgcolor()
    
    def setbgcolor():
        screen.bgcolor(red.ycor(), green.ycor(), blue.ycor())
    
    def main():
        global screen, red, green, blue
        screen = Screen()
        screen.delay(0)
        screen.setworldcoordinates(-1, -0.3, 3, 1.3)
    
       red = ColorTurtle(0, .5)
       green = ColorTurtle(1, .5)
       blue = ColorTurtle(2, .5)
       setbgcolor()
       writer = Turtle()
       writer.ht()
       writer.pu()
       writer.goto(1,1.15)
       writer.write("DRAG!",align="center",font=("Arial",30,("bold","italic")))
       return "EVENTLOOP"
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        msg = main()
        print(msg)
        mainloop()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

### forest ###

from turtle import Turtle, colormode, tracer, mainloop
    from random import randrange
    from time import perf_counter as clock
    
    def symRandom(n):
        return randrange(-n,n+1)
    
    def randomize( branchlist, angledist, sizedist ):
        return [(angle+symRandom(angledist),
                  sizefactor*1.01**symRandom(sizedist))
                         for angle, sizefactor in branchlist]
    
    def randomfd( t, distance, parts, angledist ):
        for i in range(parts):
            t.left(symRandom(angledist))
            t.forward( (1.0 * distance)/parts )
    
    def tree(tlist, size, level, widthfactor, branchlists, angledist=10, sizedist=5):
            if level > 0:
               lst = []
               brs = []
               for t, branchlist in list(zip(tlist,branchlists)):
                   t.pensize( size * widthfactor )
                   t.pencolor( 255 - (180 - 11 * level + symRandom(15)),
                               180 - 11 * level + symRandom(15),
                               0 )
                   t.pendown()
                   randomfd(t, size, level, angledist )
                   yield 1
                   
                   for angle, sizefactor in branchlist:
                       t.left(angle)
                       lst.append(t.clone())
                       brs.append(randomize(branchlist, angledist, sizedist))
                       t.right(angle)
    
    
                for x in tree(lst, size*sizefactor, level-1, widthfactor, brs,
                              angledist, sizedist):
                    yield None
    
    
    def start(t,x,y):
        colormode(255)
        t.reset()
        t.speed(0)
        t.hideturtle()
        t.left(90)
        t.penup()
        t.setpos(x,y)
        t.pendown()
    
    def doit1(level, pen):
        pen.hideturtle()
        start(pen, 20, -208)
        t = tree( [pen], 80, level, 0.1, [[ (45,0.69), (0,0.65), (-45,0.71) ]] )
        return t
    
    def doit2(level, pen):
        pen.hideturtle()
        start(pen, -135, -130)
        t = tree( [pen], 120, level, 0.1, [[ (45,0.69), (-45,0.71) ]] )
        return t
    
    def doit3(level, pen):
        pen.hideturtle()
        start(pen, 190, -90)
        t = tree( [pen], 100, level, 0.1, [[ (45,0.7), (0,0.72), (-45,0.65) ]] )
        return t
    
    def main():
        p = Turtle()
        p.ht()
        tracer(75,0)
        u = doit1(6, Turtle(undobuffersize=1))
        s = doit2(7, Turtle(undobuffersize=1))
        t = doit3(5, Turtle(undobuffersize=1))
        a = clock()
        while True:
        	done = 0
        	for b in u,s,t:
                try:
                    b.__next__()
                except:
                     done += 1
            if done == 3:
                break
                
         tracer(1,10)
         b = clock()
         return "runtime: %.2f sec." % (b-a)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
        mainloop()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

### Screen ###

樱花飘落

import turtle
    import random
    from turtle import *
    from time import sleep
    
    t = turtle.Turtle()
    w = turtle.Screen()
    
    def tree(branchLen, t):
        if branchLen > 3:
            if 8 <= branchLen <= 12:
                if random.randint(0, 2) == 0:
                    t.color('snow')
                else:
                    t.color('lightcoral')
                t.pensize(branchLen / 3)
            elif branchLen < 8:
                if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:	
                    t.color('snow')
        	    else:
            	t.color('lightcoral')
        	    t.pensize(branchLen / 2)
    	else:
       	    t.color('sienna')
       	    t.pensize(branchLen / 10)
    
    
       	t.forward(branchLen)
    	a = 1.5 * random.random()
    	t.right(20*a)
    	b = 1.5 * random.random()
    	tree(branchLen-10*b, t)
    	t.left(40*a)
    	tree(branchLen-10*b, t)
    	t.right(20*a)
    	t.up()
    	t.backward(branchLen)
    	t.down()
    
    def petal(m, t): # 树下花瓣
        for i in range(m):
            a = 200 - 400 * random.random()
            b = 10 - 20 * random.random()
            t.up()
            t.forward(b)
            t.left(90)
            t.forward(a)
            t.down()
            t.color("lightcoral")
            t.circle(1)
            t.up()
            t.backward(a)
            t.right(90)
            t.backward(b)
    
    def petal(m, t): # 树下花瓣
        for i in range(m):
            a = 200 - 400 * random.random()
            b = 10 - 20 * random.random()
            t.up()
            t.forward(b)
            t.left(90)
            t.forward(a)
            t.down()
            t.color("lightcoral")
            t.circle(1)
            t.up()
            t.backward(a)
            t.right(90)
            t.backward(b)
    
    main()

效果展示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221123/c458d01204304fbf9735cd2c2c949c38.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20221123/0d344465c9f14925ac19214a68101ecd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]: /images/20221123/bec891e02d614820905fef168d3836b3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]: /images/20221123/48af7ba56c7746a098e1d85459d270a3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]: /images/20221123/27f9e4fe95bb497d952e1b62dceaf4e4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]: /images/20221123/6367ce80111b4dac84cbc76b57707a16.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]: /images/20221123/6c469020619e4074a0b7e44a30753b00.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]: /images/20221123/f61d4ff196004eb7893fa1fa2b76625c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]: /images/20221123/8dc20b1161254a1ead0387a2fd34a161.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pwMTc4MzQ5OTQwNzE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]: /images/20221123/d00c99003df344e9b72ede1313e51e41.png