基于springboot的RestTemplate、okhttp和HttpClient对比

快来打我* 2022-11-30 05:55 291阅读 0赞

1、HttpClient：代码复杂，还得操心资源回收等。代码很复杂，冗余代码多，不建议直接使用。

  1. @RequestMapping("/doPostGetJson")
  2. public String doPostGetJson() throws ParseException {
  3.    //此处将要发送的数据转换为json格式字符串
  4.    String jsonText = "{id：1}";
  5.    JSONObject json = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parse(jsonText);
  6.    JSONObject sr = this.doPost(json);
  7.    System.out.println("返回参数：" + sr);
  8.    return sr.toString();
  9. }
  11. public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date) {
  12.    HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
  13.    // 要调用的接口方法
  14.    String url = "http://192.168.1.101:8080/getJson";
  15.    HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
  16.    JSONObject jsonObject = null;
  17.    try {
  18.       StringEntity s = new StringEntity(date.toString());
  19.       s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
  20.       s.setContentType("application/json");
  21.       post.setEntity(s);
  22.       post.addHeader("content-type", "text/xml");
  23.       HttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
  24.       String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
  25.       System.out.println(response1);
  26.       if (res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  27.          String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());// 返回json格式：
  28.          jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
  29.       }
  30.    } catch (Exception e) {
  31.       throw new RuntimeException(e);
  32.    }
  33.    return jsonObject;
  34. }

2、RestTemplate： 是 Spring 提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端， RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。

引入jar包：

  1. <dependency>
  2.      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>

添加初始化配置（也可以不配，有默认的）—注意RestTemplate只有初始化配置，没有什么连接池

  1. package com.itunion.config;
  3. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  4. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  5. import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
  6. import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
  7. import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
  9. @Configuration
  10. public class ApiConfig {
  11.     @Bean
  12.     public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
  13.         return new RestTemplate(factory);
  14.     }
  16.     @Bean
  17.     public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
  18.         SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();//默认的是JDK提供http连接，需要的话可以//通过setRequestFactory方法替换为例如Apache HttpComponents、Netty或//OkHttp等其它HTTP library。
  19.         factory.setReadTimeout(5000);//单位为ms
  20.         factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);//单位为ms
  21.         return factory;
  22.     }
  23. }

1）get请求（不带参的即把参数取消即可）

  1. // 1-getForObject()
  2. User user1 = this.restTemplate.getForObject(uri, User.class);
  4. // 2-getForEntity()
  5. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, User.class);
  6. HttpStatus statusCode = responseEntity1.getStatusCode();
  7. HttpHeaders header = responseEntity1.getHeaders();
  8. User user2 = responseEntity1.getBody();
  10. // 3-exchange()
  11. RequestEntity requestEntity = RequestEntity.get(new URI(uri)).build();
  12. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);
  13. User user3 = responseEntity2.getBody();

方式一：

  1. Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/{1}/{2}"
  2.                 , Notice.class,1,5);

方式二：

  1. Map<String,String> map = new HashMap();
  2.         map.put("start","1");
  3.         map.put("page","5");
  4.         Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/"
  5.                 , Notice.class,map);

2）post请求：

  1. // 1-postForObject()
  2. User user1 = this.restTemplate.postForObject(uri, user, User.class);
  4. // 2-postForEntity()
  5. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.postForEntity(uri, user, User.class);
  7. // 3-exchange()
  8. RequestEntity<User> requestEntity = RequestEntity.post(new URI(uri)).body(user);
  9. ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);

方式一：

  1. String url = "http://demo/api/book/";
  2.         HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
  3.         MediaType type = MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
  4.         headers.setContentType(type);
  5.         String requestJson = "{...}";
  6.         HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(requestJson,headers);
  7.         String result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, entity, String.class);
  8.         System.out.println(result);

方式二：

  1. @Test
  2. public void rtPostObject(){
  3.     RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
  4.     String url = "http://47.xxx.xxx.96/register/checkEmail";
  5.     HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
  6.     headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
  7.     MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
  8.     map.add("email", "844072586@qq.com");
  10.     HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
  11.     ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class );
  12.     System.out.println(response.getBody());
  13. }

其它：还支持上传和下载功能；

3、okhttp：OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端，允许所有同一个主机地址的请求共享同一个socket连接；连接池减少请求延时；透明的GZIP压缩减少响应数据的大小；缓存响应内容，避免一些完全重复的请求

当网络出现问题的时候OkHttp依然坚守自己的职责，它会自动恢复一般的连接问题，如果你的服务有多个IP地址，当第一个IP请求失败时，OkHttp会交替尝试你配置的其他IP，OkHttp使用现代TLS技术(SNI, ALPN)初始化新的连接，当握手失败时会回退到TLS 1.0。

1）使用：它的请求/响应 API 使用构造器模式builders来设计，它支持阻塞式的同步请求和带回调的异步请求。

引入jar包：

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
  4.     <version>3.10.0</version>
  5. </dependency>

2）配置文件：

  1. import okhttp3.ConnectionPool;
  2. import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
  3. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  4. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  6. import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
  7. import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
  8. import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
  9. import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
  10. import java.security.KeyManagementException;
  11. import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
  12. import java.security.SecureRandom;
  13. import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
  14. import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
  15. import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  17. @Configuration
  18. public class OkHttpConfiguration {
  20.     @Bean
  21.     public OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {
  22.         return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
  23.                 //.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory(), x509TrustManager())
  24.                 .retryOnConnectionFailure(false)
  25.                 .connectionPool(pool())
  26.                 .connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  27.                 .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  28.                 .writeTimeout(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
  29.                 .build();
  30.     }
  32.     @Bean
  33.     public X509TrustManager x509TrustManager() {
  34.         return new X509TrustManager() {
  35.             @Override
  36.             public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
  37.             }
  38.             @Override
  39.             public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
  40.             }
  41.             @Override
  42.             public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
  43.                 return new X509Certificate[0];
  44.             }
  45.         };
  46.     }
  48.     @Bean
  49.     public SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory() {
  50.         try {
  51.             //信任任何链接
  52.             SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
  53.             sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());
  54.             return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
  55.         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  56.             e.printStackTrace();
  57.         } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
  58.             e.printStackTrace();
  59.         }
  60.         return null;
  61.     }
  63.     /**
  64.      * Create a new connection pool with tuning parameters appropriate for a single-user application.
  65.      * The tuning parameters in this pool are subject to change in future OkHttp releases. Currently
  66.      */
  67.     @Bean
  68.     public ConnectionPool pool() {
  69.         return new ConnectionPool(200, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
  70.     }
  71. }

3）util工具：

  1. import okhttp3.*;
  2. import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
  3. import org.slf4j.Logger;
  4. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  6. import java.io.File;
  7. import java.util.Iterator;
  8. import java.util.Map;
  10. public class OkHttpUtil{
  11.     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OkHttpUtil.class);
  13.     private static OkHttpClient  okHttpClient;
  15.     @Autowired
  16.     public OkHttpUtil(OkHttpClient  okHttpClient) {
  17.         OkHttpUtil.okHttpClient= okHttpClient;
  18.     } 
  20.     /**
  21.      * get
  22.      * @param url     请求的url
  23.      * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null
  24.      * @return
  25.      */
  26.     public static  String get(String url, Map<String, String> queries) {
  27.         String responseBody = "";
  28.         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(url);
  29.         if (queries != null && queries.keySet().size() > 0) {
  30.             boolean firstFlag = true;
  31.             Iterator iterator = queries.entrySet().iterator();
  32.             while (iterator.hasNext()) {
  33.                 Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
  34.                 if (firstFlag) {
  35.                     sb.append("?" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
  36.                     firstFlag = false;
  37.                 } else {
  38.                     sb.append("&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
  39.                 }
  40.             }
  41.         }
  42.         Request request = new Request.Builder()
  43.                 .url(sb.toString())
  44.                 .build();
  45.         Response response = null;
  46.         try { 
  47.             response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
  48.             int status = response.code();
  49.             if (response.isSuccessful()) {
  50.                 return response.body().string();
  51.             }
  52.         } catch (Exception e) {
  53.             logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
  54.         } finally {
  55.             if (response != null) {
  56.                 response.close();
  57.             }
  58.         }
  59.         return responseBody;
  60.     }
  62.     /**
  63.      * post
  64.      *
  65.      * @param url    请求的url
  66.      * @param params post form 提交的参数
  67.      * @return
  68.      */
  69.     public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
  70.         String responseBody = "";
  71.         FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
  72.         //添加参数
  73.         if (params != null && params.keySet().size() > 0) {
  74.             for (String key : params.keySet()) {
  75.                 builder.add(key, params.get(key));
  76.             }
  77.         }
  78.         Request request = new Request.Builder()
  79.                 .url(url)
  80.                 .post(builder.build())
  81.                 .build();
  82.         Response response = null;
  83.         try { 
  84.             response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
  85.             int status = response.code();
  86.             if (response.isSuccessful()) {
  87.                 return response.body().string();
  88.             }
  89.         } catch (Exception e) {
  90.             logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
  91.         } finally {
  92.             if (response != null) {
  93.                 response.close();
  94.             }
  95.         }
  96.         return responseBody;
  97.     }
  99.     /**
  100.      * get
  101.      * @param url     请求的url
  102.      * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null
  103.      * @return
  104.      */
  105.     public static String getForHeader(String url, Map<String, String> queries) {
  106.         String responseBody = "";
  107.         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(url);
  108.         if (queries != null && queries.keySet().size() > 0) {
  109.             boolean firstFlag = true;
  110.             Iterator iterator = queries.entrySet().iterator();
  111.             while (iterator.hasNext()) {
  112.                 Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
  113.                 if (firstFlag) {
  114.                     sb.append("?" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
  115.                     firstFlag = false;
  116.                 } else {
  117.                     sb.append("&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
  118.                 }
  119.             }
  120.         }
  121.         Request request = new Request.Builder()
  122.                 .addHeader("key", "value")
  123.                 .url(sb.toString())
  124.                 .build();
  125.         Response response = null;
  126.         try { 
  127.             response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
  128.             int status = response.code();
  129.             if (response.isSuccessful()) {
  130.                 return response.body().string();
  131.             }
  132.         } catch (Exception e) {
  133.             logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
  134.         } finally {
  135.             if (response != null) {
  136.                 response.close();
  137.             }
  138.         }
  139.         return responseBody;
  140.     }
  142.     /**
  143.      * Post请求发送JSON数据....{"name":"zhangsan","pwd":"123456"}
  144.      * 参数一：请求Url
  145.      * 参数二：请求的JSON
  146.      * 参数三：请求回调
  147.      */
  148.     public static String postJsonParams(String url, String jsonParams) {
  149.         String responseBody = "";
  150.         RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), jsonParams);
  151.         Request request = new Request.Builder()
  152.                 .url(url)
  153.                 .post(requestBody)
  154.                 .build();
  155.         Response response = null;
  156.         try { 
  157.             response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
  158.             int status = response.code();
  159.             if (response.isSuccessful()) {
  160.                 return response.body().string();
  161.             }
  162.         } catch (Exception e) {
  163.             logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
  164.         } finally {
  165.             if (response != null) {
  166.                 response.close();
  167.             }
  168.         }
  169.         return responseBody;
  170.     }
  172.     /**
  173.      * Post请求发送xml数据....
  174.      * 参数一：请求Url
  175.      * 参数二：请求的xmlString
  176.      * 参数三：请求回调
  177.      */
  178.     public static String postXmlParams(String url, String xml) {
  179.         String responseBody = "";
  180.         RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/xml; charset=utf-8"), xml);
  181.         Request request = new Request.Builder()
  182.                 .url(url)
  183.                 .post(requestBody)
  184.                 .build();
  185.         Response response = null;
  186.         try { 
  187.             response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
  188.             int status = response.code();
  189.             if (response.isSuccessful()) {
  190.                 return response.body().string();
  191.             }
  192.         } catch (Exception e) {
  193.             logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
  194.         } finally {
  195.             if (response != null) {
  196.                 response.close();
  197.             }
  198.         }
  199.         return responseBody;
  200.     }
  201. }

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