你如何使用“git --bare init”存储库？

怼烎@ 2022-11-26 12:56 157阅读 0赞

本文翻译自：[How do you use “git --bare init” repository?][How do you use _git --bare init_ repository]

*I need to create a central Git repository but I'm a little confused...* **我需要创建一个中央Git存储库，但我有点困惑......**

*I have created a bare repository (in my git server, machine 2) with:* **我创建了一个裸存储库（在我的git服务器，机器2中）：**

$ mkdir test_repo
    $ git --bare init

*Now I need to push files from my local repository (machine 1) to the bare repository (machine 2).* **现在我需要将文件从我的本地存储库（机器1）推送到裸存储库（机器2）。** *I have access to machine 2 by SSH.* **我可以通过SSH访问机器2。** *The thing is that I think I don't understand the concept of a bare repository...* **问题是，我认为我不理解裸存储库的概念......**

*What is the right way of storing my code in the bare repository?* **将我的代码存储在裸存储库中的正确方法是什么？** *How can I push changes from my local repository to the bare repository?* **如何将更改从本地存储库推送到裸存储库？**

*Is the right way of having a central repository to have a bare repository?* **拥有中央存储库以获得裸存储库的正确方法是什么？**

*I'm a little confused with this subject.* **我对这个问题有点困惑。** *Please give me a clue on this.* **请给我一个线索。**

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### \#1楼 ###

参考：[https://stackoom.com/question/w1y6/你如何使用-git-bare-init-存储库][https_stackoom.com_question_w1y6_-git-bare-init-]

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### \#2楼 ###

你也可以让git为你创建目录：

git init --bare test_repo.git

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### \#3楼 ###

*I'm adding this answer because after arriving here (with the same question), none of the answers really describe all the required steps needed to go from nothing to a fully usable remote (bare) repo.* **我正在添加这个答案，因为在到达这里之后（使用相同的问题），没有一个答案真正描述了从无到有，到完全可用的远程（裸）回购所需的所有必需步骤。**

*Note: this example uses local paths for the location of the bare repo, but other git protocols (like SSH indicated by the OP) should work just fine.* **注意：此示例使用本地路径作为裸存储库的位置，但其他git协议（如OP指示的SSH）应该可以正常工作。**

*I've tried to add some notes along the way for those less familiar with git.* **我试图为那些不熟悉git的人添加一些注释。**

***1. Initialise the bare repo...*** **1.初始化裸露的回购......**

> git init --bare /path/to/bare/repo.git
    Initialised empty Git repository in /path/to/bare/repo.git/

*This creates a folder (repo.git) and populates it with git files representing a git repo.* **这将创建一个文件夹（repo.git）并使用代表git repo的git文件填充它。** *As it stands, this repo is useless - it has no commits and more importantly, no branches .* **就目前而言，这个回购无用 - 它没有提交，更重要的是*没有分支* 。** *Although you can clone this repo, you cannot pull from it.* **虽然您可以克隆此回购，但您无法从中获取。**

*Next, we need to create a working folder.* **接下来，我们需要创建一个工作文件夹。** *There are a couple of ways of doing this, depending upon whether you have existing files.* **有两种方法可以执行此操作，具体取决于您是否有现有文件。**

***2a.*** **2A。** ***Create a new working folder (no existing files) by cloning the empty repo*** **通过克隆空仓库创建一个新的工作文件夹（没有现有文件）**

git clone /path/to/bare/repo.git /path/to/work
    Cloning into '/path/to/work'...
    warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
    done.

*This command will only work if `/path/to/work` does not exist or is an empty folder.* **仅当`/path/to/work`不存在或者为空文件夹时，此命令才有效。** *Take note of the warning - at this stage, you still don't have anything useful.* **注意警告 - 在这个阶段，你仍然没有任何有用的东西。** *If you `cd /path/to/work` and run `git status` , you'll get something like:* **如果你`cd /path/to/work`并运行`git status` ，你会得到类似的东西：**

On branch master
    
    Initial commit
    
    nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

*but this is a lie.* **但这是谎言。** *You are not really on branch `master` (because `git branch` returns nothing) and so far, there are no commits.* **你不是真的在分支`master` （因为`git branch`什么都没有返回），到目前为止，没有提交。**

*Next, copy/move/create some files in the working folder, add them to git and create the first commit.* **接下来，复制/移动/创建工作文件夹中的一些文件，将它们添加到git并创建第一个提交。**

> cd /path/to/work
    > echo 123 > afile.txt
    > git add .
    > git config --local user.name adelphus
    > git config --local user.email adelphus@example.com
    > git commit -m "added afile"
    [master (root-commit) 614ab02] added afile
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
     create mode 100644 afile.txt

*The `git config` commands are only needed if you haven't already told git who you are.* **只有你还没有告诉git你是谁，才需要`git config`命令。** *Note that if you now run `git branch` , you'll now see the `master` branch listed.* **请注意，如果您现在运行`git branch` ，您现在将看到列出的`master`分支。** *Now run `git status` :* **现在运行`git status` ：**

On branch master
    Your branch is based on 'origin/master', but the upstream is gone.
      (use "git branch --unset-upstream" to fixup)
    
    nothing to commit, working directory clean

*This is also misleading - upstream has not "gone", it just hasn't been created yet and `git branch --unset-upstream` will not help.* **这也是误导性的 - 上游没有“消失”，它还没有被创建，而`git branch --unset-upstream`也无济于事。** *But that's OK, now that we have our first commit, we can push and master will be created on the bare repo.* **但是没关系，现在我们有了第一次提交，我们可以在裸仓库上创建push和master。**

> git push origin master
    Counting objects: 3, done.
    Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 207 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
    Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
    To /path/to/bare/repo.git
     * [new branch]      master -> master

*At this point, we have a fully functional bare repo which can be cloned elsewhere on a master branch as well as a local working copy which can pull and push.* **此时，我们有一个功能齐全的裸仓库，可以在主分支上的其他地方克隆，也可以在本地工作副本中进行拉动和推送。**

> git pull
    Already up-to-date.
    > git push origin master
    Everything up-to-date

***2b.*** **2B。** ***Create a working folder from existing files** If you already have a folder with files in it (so you cannot clone into it), you can initialise a new git repo, add a first commit and then link it to the bare repo afterwards.* **从现有文件创建工作文件夹如果您已经有一个包含文件的文件夹（因此无法克隆到该文件夹中），您可以初始化一个新的git repo，添加第一个提交，然后将其链接到裸存储库。**

> cd /path/to/work_with_stuff
    > git init 
    Initialised empty Git repository in /path/to/work_with_stuff
    > git add .
    # add git config stuff if needed
    > git commit -m "added stuff"
    
    [master (root-commit) 614ab02] added stuff
     20 files changed, 1431 insertions(+)
     create mode 100644 stuff.txt
    ...

*At this point we have our first commit and a local master branch which we need to turn into a remote-tracked upstream branch.* **此时，我们有第一个提交和一个本地主分支，我们需要将其转变为远程跟踪的上游分支。**

> git remote add origin /path/to/bare/repo.git
    > git push -u origin master
    Counting objects: 31, done.
    Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
    Compressing objects: 100% (31/31), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (31/31), 43.23 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
    Total 31 (delta 11), reused 0 (delta 0)
    To /path/to/bare/repo.git
     * [new branch]      master -> master
    Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

*Note the `-u` flag on git push to set the (new) tracked upstream branch.* **注意git push上的`-u`标志来设置（新）跟踪的上游分支。** *Just as before, we now have a fully functional bare repo which can be cloned elsewhere on a master branch as well as a local working copy which can pull and push.* **和以前一样，我们现在拥有一个功能齐全的裸仓库，可以在主分支上的其他地方克隆，也可以在本地工作副本中进行拉动和推送。**

*All this may seem obvious to some, but git confuses me at the best of times (it's error and status messages really need some rework) - hopefully, this will help others.* **所有这一切对某些人来说似乎是显而易见的，但是git在最好的时候会让我困惑（它的错误和状态信息真的需要一些返工） - 希望这会对其他人有所帮助。**

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### \#4楼 ###

*The --bare flag creates a repository that doesn't have a working directory.* **--bare标志创建一个没有工作目录的存储库。** *The bare repository is the central repository and you can't edit(store) codes here for avoiding the merging error.* **裸存储库是中央存储库，您无法在此编辑（存储）代码以避免合并错误。**

*For example, when you add a file in your local repository (machine 1) and push it to the bare repository, you can't see the file in the bare repository for it is always 'empty'.* **例如，当您在本地存储库（计算机1）中添加文件并将其推送到裸存储库时，您无法在裸存储库中看到该文件，因为它始终为“空”。** *However, you really push something to the repository and you can see it inexplicitly by cloning another repository in your server(machine 2).* **但是，您确实将某些内容推送到存储库，您可以通过克隆服务器中的另一个存储库（机器2）来明确地看到它。**

*Both the local repository in machine 1 and the 'copy' repository in machine 2 are non-bare.* **机器1中的本地存储库和机器2中的“复制”存储库都是非裸机。** *[relationship between bare and non-bare repositories][]* **[裸存储库和非裸存储库之间的关系][relationship between bare and non-bare repositories]**

*The blog will help you understand it.* **博客将帮助您理解它。** *[https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository][https_www.atlassian.com_git_tutorials_setting-up-a-repository]* **[https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository][https_www.atlassian.com_git_tutorials_setting-up-a-repository]**

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### \#5楼 ###

*Based on Mark Longair & Roboprog answers :* **基于Mark Longair和Roboprog的答案：**

***if git version >= 1.8*** **如果git版本> = 1.8**

git init --bare --shared=group .git
    git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore

*Or :* **要么 ：**

***if git version < 1.8*** **如果git版本<1.8**

mkdir .git
    cd .git
    git init --bare --shared=group 
    git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore

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### \#6楼 ###

*You can execute the following commands to initialize your local repository* **您可以执行以下命令来初始化本地存储库**

mkdir newProject
    cd newProject
    touch .gitignore
    git init
    git add .
    git commit -m "Initial Commit"
    git remote add origin user@host:~/path_on_server/newProject.git
    git push origin master

*You should work on your project from your local repository and use the server as the central repository.* **您应该从本地存储库处理项目，并将服务器用作中央存储库。**

*You can also follow this article which explains each and every aspect of creating and maintaining a Git repository.* **您还可以按照本文解释创建和维护Git存储库的每个方面。** *[Git for Beginners][]* **[Git for Beginners][]**

[How do you use _git --bare init_ repository]: https://oldbug.net/q/w1y6/How-do-you-use-git-bare-init-repository
[https_stackoom.com_question_w1y6_-git-bare-init-]: https://stackoom.com/question/w1y6/%E4%BD%A0%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-git-bare-init-%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%BA%93
[relationship between bare and non-bare repositories]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/o0TJt.png
[https_www.atlassian.com_git_tutorials_setting-up-a-repository]: https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository
[Git for Beginners]: https://medium.com/@samran.7272/git-for-beginners-part-1-8118a219c513