不在git目录中时进行git pull

绝地灬酷狼 2022-11-25 10:23 124阅读 0赞

本文翻译自：[git pull while not in a git directory][]

*Let's say I have a directory, `/X/Y` , which is a git repository.* **假设我有一个目录`/X/Y` ，它是一个git存储库。** *Is it possible to somehow call a command like `git pull` from inside `/X` , but targeting the `/X/Y` directory?* **是否可以从`/X`内部调用诸如`git pull`类的命令，但以`/X/Y`目录为目标？**

***EDIT:** I guess I was wondering specifically: is it possible to do this using the a git command, but without having to change directories?* **编辑：我想我特别想知道：是否可以使用git命令来执行此操作，而不必更改目录？**

***NOTE:** I've accepted [VonC's answer][VonC_s answer] as it's much more elegant than previous options.* **注意：我已经接受[VonC的答案，][VonC_s answer]因为它比以前的选项要优雅得多。** *For people running Git older than 1.8.5, please see [bstpierre's answer below][bstpierre_s answer below] .* **对于运行Git 1.8.5之前的版本的人，请参见[下面的bstpierre答案][bstpierre_s answer below] 。**

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### \#1楼 ###

参考：[https://stackoom.com/question/lknu/不在git目录中时进行git-pull][https_stackoom.com_question_lknu_git_git-pull]

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### \#2楼 ###

*For anyone like me that was trying to do this via a drush (Drupal shell) command on a remote server, you will not be able to use the solution that requires you to CD into the working directory:* **对于像我这样试图通过远程服务器上的drush（Drupal shell）命令执行此操作的人，您将无法使用需要CD进入工作目录的解决方案：**

*Instead you need to use the solution that breaks up the pull into a fetch & merge:* **相反，您需要使用将提取分解为获取和合并的解决方案：**

drush @remote exec git --git-dir=/REPO/PATH --work-tree=/REPO/WORKDIR-PATH fetch origin
    drush @remote exec git --git-dir=/REPO/PATH --work-tree=/REPO/WORKDIR-PATH merge origin/branch

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### \#3楼 ###

*This post is a bit old so could be there was a bug andit was fixed, but I just did this:* **这篇文章有点老了，所以可能有一个错误并且已经修复，但是我只是这样做了：**

git --work-tree=/X/Y --git-dir=/X/Y/.git pull origin branch

*And it worked.* **而且有效。** *Took me a minute to figure out that it wanted the dotfile and the parent directory (in a standard setup those are always parent/child but not in ALL setups, so they need to be specified explicitly.* **我花了几分钟时间弄清楚它想要点文件和父目录（在标准设置中，它们始终是父/子目录，但在所有设置中却不是，因此需要明确指定它们。**

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### \#4楼 ###

*This might be a similar problem, but you can also simply chain you commands.* **这可能是一个类似的问题，但是您也可以简单地将命令链接起来。** *eg* **例如**

*On one line* **一行**

cd ~/Sites/yourdir/web;git pull origin master

*Or via SSH.* **或通过SSH。**

ssh username@atyourserver.com -t "cd ~/Sites/thedir/web;git pull origin master"

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### \#5楼 ###

*Starting [git 1.8.5 (Q4 2013)][git 1.8.5 _Q4 2013] , you will be able to "use a Git command, but without having to change directories".* **从[git 1.8.5（2013年第四季度）开始][git 1.8.5 _Q4 2013] ，您将能够“使用Git命令，而不必更改目录”。**

> *Just like " `make -C <directory>` ", **" `git -C <directory> ...` " tells Git to go there before doing anything else** .* **就像“ `make -C <directory>` ”， “ `git -C <directory> ...` ”告诉Git在执行其他操作之前先去那里 。**

*See [commit 44e1e4][] by **[Nazri Ramliy][]** :* **参见[Nazri Ramliy的][Nazri Ramliy] [commit][commit 44e1e4] [44e1e4][Nazri Ramliy] ：**

> *It takes more keypresses to invoke Git command in a different directory without leaving the current directory:* **在不离开当前目录的情况下，需要更多的按键才能调用其他目录中的Git命令：**
> 
> 1.  `(cd ~/foo && git status) git --git-dir=~/foo/.git --work-tree=~/foo status GIT_DIR=~/foo/.git GIT_WORK_TREE=~/foo git status`
> 2.  `(cd ../..; git grep foo)`
> 3.  `for d in d1 d2 d3; do (cd $d && git svn rebase); done`
> 
> *The methods shown above are acceptable for scripting but are too cumbersome for quick command line invocations.* **上面显示的方法可用于脚本编写，但对于快速命令行调用而言则过于繁琐。**
> 
> *With this new option, the above can be done with fewer keystrokes:* **使用此新选项，可以用更少的击键完成上述操作：**
> 
> 1.  `git -C ~/foo status`
> 2.  `git -C ../.. grep foo`
> 3.  `for d in d1 d2 d3; do git -C $d svn rebase; done`

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*Since Git 2.3.4 (March 2015), and [commit 6a536e2][] by [Karthik Nayak ( `KarthikNayak` )][Karthik Nayak _ _KarthikNayak_] , `git` will treat " `git -C '<path>'` " as a **no-op when `<path>` is empty.*** **自Git 2.3.4（2015年3月）起，并通过[Karthik Nayak（ `KarthikNayak` ）][Karthik Nayak _ _KarthikNayak_] [提交6a536e2][commit 6a536e2] ， 当`<path>`为空时 `git`将把“ `git -C '<path>'` ”视为no-op。**

> *' `git -C ""` ' unhelpfully dies with error " `Cannot change to ''` ", whereas the shell treats cd ""' as a no-op.* **' `git -C ""` '无故死于错误“ `Cannot change to ''` “，而shell将cd”“”视为无操作。**  
> *Taking the shell's behavior as a precedent, teach `git` to treat -C ""' as a no-op, as well.* **以shell的行为为先例，教`git`将-C“”'也视为无操作。**

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*4 years later, Git 2.23 (Q3 2019) documents that ' `git -C ""` ' works and doesn't change directory* **4年后，Git 2.23（Q3 2019）证明' `git -C ""` '有效并且不会更改目录**

> *It's been behaving so since 6a536e2 ( `git` : treat " `git -C '<path>'` " as a no-op when `<path>` is empty, 2015-03-06, Git v2.3.4).* **自6a536e2起它一直在运行（ `git` ：当`<path>`为空时将“ `git -C '<path>'` ”视为no-op，2015-03-06，Git v2.3.4）。**

*That means [the documentation][] now (finally) includes:* **这意味着现在（最终） [的文档][the documentation]包括：**

> *If ' `<path>` ' is present but empty, eg `-C ""` , then the current working directory is left unchanged.* **如果存在' `<path>` '但为空，例如`-C ""` ，则当前工作目录保持不变。**

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### \#6楼 ###

*As some of my servers are on an old Ubuntu LTS versions, I can't easily upgrade git to the latest version (which supports the -C option as described in some answers).* **由于我的某些服务器在旧的Ubuntu LTS版本上，因此我无法轻松将git升级到最新版本（如某些答案中所述，它支持-C选项）。**

*This trick works well for me, especially because it does not have the side effect of some other answers that leave you in a different directory from where you started.* **这个技巧对我来说效果很好，特别是因为它没有其他一些答案的副作用，这些其他答案使您与开始时所在的目录不同。**

pushd /X/Y
    git pull
    popd

*Or, doing it as a one-liner:* **或者，将其作为单线执行：**

pushd /X/Y; git pull; popd

*Both Linux and Windows have pushd and popd commands.* **Linux和Windows都具有push和popd命令。**

[git pull while not in a git directory]: https://oldbug.net/q/lknu/git-pull-while-not-in-a-git-directory
[VonC_s answer]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5083224/git-pull-while-not-in-a-git-directory/20115526#20115526
[bstpierre_s answer below]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5083224/git-pull-while-not-in-a-git-directory/5083437#5083437
[https_stackoom.com_question_lknu_git_git-pull]: https://stackoom.com/question/lknu/%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8git%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%B6%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8Cgit-pull
[git 1.8.5 _Q4 2013]: https://github.com/git/git/blob/5fd09df3937f54c5cfda4f1087f5d99433cce527/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt#L115-L116
[commit 44e1e4]: https://github.com/git/git/commit/44e1e4d67d5148c245db362cc48c3cc6c2ec82ca
[Nazri Ramliy]: http://perlresume.org/NAZRI
[commit 6a536e2]: https://github.com/git/git/commit/6a536e2076f02a98e0d6403ff68f3acf717fa1c4
[Karthik Nayak _ _KarthikNayak_]: https://github.com/KarthikNayak
[the documentation]: https://github.com/git/git/blob/1a64e07d235579ae0b3bc6d1f081a51a6e48a4d1/Documentation/git.txt#L59-L60