hive学习笔记之七：内置函数

我就是我 2022-11-21 14:42 242阅读 0赞

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> 这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码)：[https://github.com/zq2599/blog\_demos][https_github.com_zq2599_blog_demos]

### 《hive学习笔记》系列导航 ###

1.  [基本数据类型][Link 1]
2.  [复杂数据类型][Link 2]
3.  [内部表和外部表][Link 3]
4.  [分区表][Link 4]
5.  [分桶][Link 5]
6.  [HiveQL基础][HiveQL]
7.  [内置函数][Link 6]
8.  [Sqoop][]
9.  [基础UDF][UDF]
10. [用户自定义聚合函数(UDAF)][UDAF]
11. [UDTF][]

### 本篇概览 ###

*  本文是《hive学习笔记》系列的第七篇，前文熟悉了HiveQL的常用语句，接下来把常用的内置函数简单过一遍，分为以下几部分：

1.  数学
2.  字符
3.  json处理
4.  转换
5.  日期
6.  条件
7.  聚合

### 准备数据 ###

1.  本次实战要准备两个表：学生表和住址表，字段都很简单，如下图所示，学生表有个住址ID字段，是住址表里的记录的唯一ID：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JvbGluZ19jYXZhbHJ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]
2.  先创建住址表：

create table address (addressid int, province string, city string) 
    row format delimited 
    fields terminated by ',';

1.  创建address.txt文件，内容如下：

1,guangdong,guangzhou
    2,guangdong,shenzhen
    3,shanxi,xian
    4,shanxi,hanzhong
    6,jiangshu,nanjing

1.  加载数据到address表：

load data 
    local inpath '/home/hadoop/temp/202010/25/address.txt' 
    into table address;

1.  创建学生表，其addressid字段关联了address表的addressid字段：

create table student (name string, age int, addressid int) 
    row format delimited 
    fields terminated by ',';

1.  创建student.txt文件，内容如下：

tom,11,1
    jerry,12,2
    mike,13,3
    john,14,4
    mary,15,5

1.  加载数据到student表：

load data 
    local inpath '/home/hadoop/temp/202010/25/student.txt' 
    into table student;

1.  至此，本次操作所需数据已准备完毕，如下所示：

hive> select * from address;
    OK
    1	guangdong	guangzhou
    2	guangdong	shenzhen
    3	shanxi	xian
    4	shanxi	hanzhong
    6	jiangshu	nanjing
    Time taken: 0.043 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)
    hive> select * from student;
    OK
    tom	11	1
    jerry	12	2
    mike	13	3
    john	14	4
    mary	15	5
    Time taken: 0.068 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

*  开始体验内置函数；

### 总览 ###

1.  进入hive控制台；
2.  执行命令show functions;显示内置函数列表：

hive> show functions;
    OK
    !
    !=
    %
    &
    *
    +
    -
    /
    <
    <=
    <=>
    <>
    =
    ==
    >
    >=
    ^
    abs
    acos
    add_months
    and
    array
    array_contains
    ascii
    asin
    assert_true
    atan
    avg
    base64
    between
    bin
    case
    cbrt
    ceil
    ceiling
    coalesce
    collect_list
    collect_set
    compute_stats
    concat
    concat_ws
    context_ngrams
    conv
    corr
    cos
    count
    covar_pop
    covar_samp
    create_union
    cume_dist
    current_database
    current_date
    current_timestamp
    current_user
    date_add
    date_format
    date_sub
    datediff
    day
    dayofmonth
    decode
    degrees
    dense_rank
    div
    e
    elt
    encode
    ewah_bitmap
    ewah_bitmap_and
    ewah_bitmap_empty
    ewah_bitmap_or
    exp
    explode
    factorial
    field
    find_in_set
    first_value
    floor
    format_number
    from_unixtime
    from_utc_timestamp
    get_json_object
    greatest
    hash
    hex
    histogram_numeric
    hour
    if
    in
    in_file
    index
    initcap
    inline
    instr
    isnotnull
    isnull
    java_method
    json_tuple
    lag
    last_day
    last_value
    lcase
    lead
    least
    length
    levenshtein
    like
    ln
    locate
    log
    log10
    log2
    lower
    lpad
    ltrim
    map
    map_keys
    map_values
    matchpath
    max
    min
    minute
    month
    months_between
    named_struct
    negative
    next_day
    ngrams
    noop
    noopstreaming
    noopwithmap
    noopwithmapstreaming
    not
    ntile
    nvl
    or
    parse_url
    parse_url_tuple
    percent_rank
    percentile
    percentile_approx
    pi
    pmod
    posexplode
    positive
    pow
    power
    printf
    radians
    rand
    rank
    reflect
    reflect2
    regexp
    regexp_extract
    regexp_replace
    repeat
    reverse
    rlike
    round
    row_number
    rpad
    rtrim
    second
    sentences
    shiftleft
    shiftright
    shiftrightunsigned
    sign
    sin
    size
    sort_array
    soundex
    space
    split
    sqrt
    stack
    std
    stddev
    stddev_pop
    stddev_samp
    str_to_map
    struct
    substr
    substring
    sum
    tan
    to_date
    to_unix_timestamp
    to_utc_timestamp
    translate
    trim
    trunc
    ucase
    unbase64
    unhex
    unix_timestamp
    upper
    var_pop
    var_samp
    variance
    weekofyear
    when
    windowingtablefunction
    xpath
    xpath_boolean
    xpath_double
    xpath_float
    xpath_int
    xpath_long
    xpath_number
    xpath_short
    xpath_string
    year
    |
    ~
    Time taken: 0.003 seconds, Fetched: 216 row(s)

1.  以lower函数为例，执行命令describe function lower;即可查看lower函数的说明：

hive> describe function lower;
    OK
    lower(str) - Returns str with all characters changed to lowercase
    Time taken: 0.005 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

*  接下来从计算函数开始，体验常用函数；
 *  先执行以下命令，使查询结果中带有字段名：

set hive.cli.print.header=true;

### 计算函数 ###

1.  加法\+：

hive> select name, age, age+1 as add_value from student;
    OK
    name	age	add_value
    tom	11	12
    jerry	12	13
    mike	13	14
    john	14	15
    mary	15	16
    Time taken: 0.098 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

1.  减法(-)、乘法(\*)、除法(/)的使用与加法类似，不再赘述了；
2.  四舍五入round：

hive> select round(1.1), round(1.6);
    OK
    _c0	_c1
    1.0	2.0
    Time taken: 0.028 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  向上取整ceil：

hive> select ceil(1.1);
    OK
    _c0
    2
    Time taken: 0.024 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  向下取整floor：

hive> select floor(1.1);
    OK
    _c0
    1
    Time taken: 0.024 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  平方pow，例如pow(2,3)表示2的三次方，等于8：

hive> select pow(2,3);
    OK
    _c0
    8.0
    Time taken: 0.027 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  取模pmod：

hive> select pmod(10,3);
    OK
    _c0
    1
    Time taken: 0.059 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

### 字符函数 ###

1.  转小写lower，转大写upper：

hive> select lower(name), upper(name) from student;
    OK
    _c0	_c1
    tom	TOM
    jerry	JERRY
    mike	MIKE
    john	JOHN
    mary	MARY
    Time taken: 0.051 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

1.  字符串长度length：

hive> select name, length(name) from student;
    OK
    tom	3
    jerry	5
    mike	4
    john	4
    mary	4
    Time taken: 0.322 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

1.  字符串拼接concat：

hive> select concat("prefix_", name) from student;
    OK
    prefix_tom
    prefix_jerry
    prefix_mike
    prefix_john
    prefix_mary
    Time taken: 0.106 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

1.  子串substr，substr(xxx,2)表示从第二位开始到右边所有，substr(xxx,2,3)表示从第二位开始取三个字符：

hive> select substr("0123456",2);
    OK
    123456
    Time taken: 0.067 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
    hive> select substr("0123456",2,3);
    OK
    123
    Time taken: 0.08 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  去掉前后空格trim：

hive> select trim(" 123 ");
    OK
    123
    Time taken: 0.065 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

### json处理(get\_json\_object) ###

为了使用json处理的函数，先准备一些数据：

1.  先创建表t15，只有一个字段用于保存字符串：

create table t15(json_raw string) 
    row format delimited;

1.  创建t15.txt文件，内容如下：

{
       "name":"tom","age":"10"}
    {
       "name":"jerry","age":"11"}

1.  加载数据到t15表：

load data 
    local inpath '/home/hadoop/temp/202010/25/015.txt' 
    into table t15;

1.  使用get\_json\_object函数，解析json\_raw字段，分别取出指定name和age属性：

select 
    get_json_object(json_raw, "$.name"), 
    get_json_object(json_raw, "$.age") 
    from t15;

得到结果：

hive> select 
        > get_json_object(json_raw, "$.name"), 
        > get_json_object(json_raw, "$.age") 
        > from t15;
    OK
    tom	10
    jerry	11
    Time taken: 0.081 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

### 日期 ###

1.  获取当前日期current\_date：

hive> select current_date();
    OK
    2020-11-02
    Time taken: 0.052 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  获取当前时间戳current\_timestamp：

hive> select current_timestamp();
    OK
    2020-11-02 10:07:58.967
    Time taken: 0.049 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  获取年份year、月份month、日期day：

hive> select year(current_date()), month(current_date()), day(current_date());
    OK
    2020	11	2
    Time taken: 0.054 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  另外，year和current\_timestamp也能搭配使用：

hive> select year(current_timestamp()), month(current_timestamp()), day(current_timestamp());
    OK
    2020	11	2
    Time taken: 0.042 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  返回日期部分to\_date：

hive> select to_date(current_timestamp());
    OK
    2020-11-02
    Time taken: 0.051 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

### 条件函数 ###

*  条件函数的作用和java中的switch类似，语法是case X when XX then XXX else XXXX end；
 *  示例如下，作用是判断name字段，如果等于tom就返回tom\_case，如果等于jerry就返回jerry\_case，其他情况都返回other\_case：

select name,
    case name when 'tom' then 'tom_case'
              when 'jerry' then 'jerry_case'
              else 'other_case'
    end
    from student;

结果如下：

hive> select name,
        > case name when 'tom' then 'tom_case'
        >           when 'jerry' then 'jerry_case'
        >           else 'other_case'
        > end
        > from student;
    OK
    tom	tom_case
    jerry	jerry_case
    mike	other_case
    john	other_case
    mary	other_case
    Time taken: 0.08 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

### 聚合函数 ###

1.  返回行数count：

select count(*) from student;

触发MR，结果如下：

Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 2 seconds 170 msec
    OK
    5
    Time taken: 20.823 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

1.  分组后组内求和sum：

select province, sum(1) from address group by province;

触发MR，结果如下：

Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 1 seconds 870 msec
    OK
    guangdong	2
    jiangshu	1
    shanxi	2
    Time taken: 19.524 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

1.  分组后，组内最小值min，最大值max，平均值avg：

select province, min(addressid), max(addressid), avg(addressid) from address group by province;

触发MR，结果如下：

Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 1 seconds 650 msec
    OK
    guangdong	1	2	1.5
    jiangshu	6	6	6.0
    shanxi	3	4	3.5
    Time taken: 20.106 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

*  至此，hive常用到内置函数咱们都体验过一遍了，希望能给您提供一些参考，接下来的文章会体验一个常用工具：Sqoop

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[https_github.com_zq2599_blog_demos]: https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos
[Link 1]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109304044
[Link 2]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109344642
[Link 3]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109393908
[Link 4]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109404278
[Link 5]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109412454
[HiveQL]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109432395
[Link 6]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109440325
[Sqoop]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109445825
[UDF]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109457019
[UDAF]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109499956
[UDTF]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109530630
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