被动语态和非谓语区别_SAT语法最调皮的知识点：非谓语动词

亦凉 2022-11-19 12:59 197阅读 0赞

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非谓语动词是历年SAT语法考察的重点，因为它形式和功能的多变，非谓语动词有一个绰号：SAT语法最调皮的知识点。

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**01**

**动词不定式：**

to do (主动语态)，to be done (被动语态)

**02**

**现在分词：**

doing(主动语态)，being done(被动语态)

**03**

**过去分词：**

done(强调被动)

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非谓语动词能起到的功能非常多，既可以作名词，也可以做形容词和副词，SAT语法中常考的知识点涉及以下8个功能：

名词：作主语，作宾语，作表语

形容词：作定语

副词：作目的状语，作原因状语，作结果状语，作时间状语

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SAT语法中关于非谓语动词经常出的陷阱题主要围绕逻辑主语展开，建议同学优先搞清楚悬垂式结构与独立主格结构的区别。前者是一种常见的语法错误，分词或者不定式短语的逻辑主语与主句不一致。而独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的结构。此结构只是一个修饰成分，不是一个完整句，故独立主格结构和一个完整句子之间不需要加连词。

**独立主格结构的特点：**

1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2. 名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

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名词(代词)+形容词；

名词(代词)+副词；

名词(代词)+不定式：

名词(代词)+介词短语构成;

**例句：**

1. The test finished, we began our holiday.

=When the test was finished, we began ur holiday。

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

2. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

=After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

3. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow。

天气允许，我们明天去看你。

4. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

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它是由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词 with 或 without 的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With 结构构成方式如下:

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词:

2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;

3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语：

4. With 或 without 名词代词+动词不定式:

5. with或without 名词/代词+分词。

**例句：**

1、She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold. (with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over，we all went home (with+名词+副词，作时问状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm. (with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

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例1：Brought to the United States at the age of thirteen to receive a Western education, his first book discusses Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China.

A. his first book discusses Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China

B. Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China is the subject of his first book.

C. the subject of his first book is Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China

D. Lee Yan Phou discusses his childhood in China in his first book

**答案：D**

题解：分词短语作状语，根据句意判断分词的逻辑主语，13 岁时被带到美国接受西方教育，主语必定是人，因此主句主语 his first book 必错，需要改为人作主语。D、E 符合要求，B 项具有迷惑性，Lee Yan Phou's childhood 主语不是人而是人的童年，需要注意's 的用法。

**例2：**

To describe inter-stellarr distances, astronomers sometimes use the light-year, being the distance traversed by light in one year.

A. To describe interstellar distances, astronomers sometimes use the light-year, being the distance traversed by light in one year.

B. The light-year is the distance traversed by light in one year, and sometimes astronomers use it when interstellar distances are described.

C. As the distance traversed by light in one year, the light-year is used sometimes if the interstellar distances are described by astronomers.

D. To describe interstellar distances, astronomers sometimes use the light-year, which is the distance traversed by light in one year.

**答案：C**

题目解析：原句 to describe interstellar distances，不定式结构作状语，表目的，然后是主句，后面 being the distance... 的逻辑主语从句意上判断修饰 light- year，但在语法上分词主语与主句主语一致，因此 A 错。D 项用定语从句的形式修正了这一错误。B、C 项没有遵循 SAT 考试中常用到的不改变原则，原句有 to 表目的，那么改正后的句子必定也含 to。

**例3：**

Many friends to attend my birthday party, I feel excited.

解析：many... Party 短语是独立主格，句子主语：I；谓语：feel。独立主格和句子之间不需要加连词。

**例4：**

There are up to a million miners in Sierra Leone, and only a thousand of them having licenses.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Leone and only

C. Leone, only

D. Leone

**答案：C**

解题思路主语：up to a million miners；谓语：are; and 连词后面连接独立主格结构，所以此处 and 多余，故此题选 C。

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