bilibiliC++11数据类型-字符型

迷南。 2022-11-19 07:48 143阅读 0赞

### 2.4 字符型 ###

**作用：** 字符型变量用于显示单个字符

**语法：**`char ch = 'a';`

> 注意1：在显示字符型变量时，用单引号将字符括起来，不要用双引号

> 注意2：单引号内只能有一个字符，不可以是字符串

*  C和C++中字符型变量只占用1个字节。
 *  字符型变量并不是把字符本身放到内存中存储，而是将对应的ASCII编码放入到存储单元

示例：

int main() { 
    	
    	char ch = 'a';
    	cout << ch << endl;
    	cout << sizeof(char) << endl;
    
    	//ch = "abcde"; //错误，不可以用双引号
    	//ch = 'abcde'; //错误，单引号内只能引用一个字符
    
    	cout << (int)ch << endl;  //查看字符a对应的ASCII码
    	ch = 97; //可以直接用ASCII给字符型变量赋值
    	cout << ch << endl;
    
    	system("pause");
    
    	return 0;
    }

ASCII码表格：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th><strong>ASCII</strong>值</th> 
   <th><strong>控制字符</strong></th> 
   <th><strong>ASCII</strong>值</th> 
   <th><strong>字符</strong></th> 
   <th><strong>ASCII</strong>值</th> 
   <th><strong>字符</strong></th> 
   <th><strong>ASCII</strong>值</th> 
   <th><strong>字符</strong></th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>NUT</td> 
   <td>32</td> 
   <td>(space)</td> 
   <td>64</td> 
   <td>@</td> 
   <td>96</td> 
   <td>、</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>SOH</td> 
   <td>33</td> 
   <td>!</td> 
   <td>65</td> 
   <td>A</td> 
   <td>97</td> 
   <td>a</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>STX</td> 
   <td>34</td> 
   <td>"</td> 
   <td>66</td> 
   <td>B</td> 
   <td>98</td> 
   <td>b</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>ETX</td> 
   <td>35</td> 
   <td>#</td> 
   <td>67</td> 
   <td>C</td> 
   <td>99</td> 
   <td>c</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>EOT</td> 
   <td>36</td> 
   <td>$</td> 
   <td>68</td> 
   <td>D</td> 
   <td>100</td> 
   <td>d</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>ENQ</td> 
   <td>37</td> 
   <td>%</td> 
   <td>69</td> 
   <td>E</td> 
   <td>101</td> 
   <td>e</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>ACK</td> 
   <td>38</td> 
   <td>&amp;</td> 
   <td>70</td> 
   <td>F</td> 
   <td>102</td> 
   <td>f</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>BEL</td> 
   <td>39</td> 
   <td>,</td> 
   <td>71</td> 
   <td>G</td> 
   <td>103</td> 
   <td>g</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>BS</td> 
   <td>40</td> 
   <td>(</td> 
   <td>72</td> 
   <td>H</td> 
   <td>104</td> 
   <td>h</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td>HT</td> 
   <td>41</td> 
   <td>)</td> 
   <td>73</td> 
   <td>I</td> 
   <td>105</td> 
   <td>i</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>10</td> 
   <td>LF</td> 
   <td>42</td> 
   <td>*</td> 
   <td>74</td> 
   <td>J</td> 
   <td>106</td> 
   <td>j</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>11</td> 
   <td>VT</td> 
   <td>43</td> 
   <td>+</td> 
   <td>75</td> 
   <td>K</td> 
   <td>107</td> 
   <td>k</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>12</td> 
   <td>FF</td> 
   <td>44</td> 
   <td>,</td> 
   <td>76</td> 
   <td>L</td> 
   <td>108</td> 
   <td>l</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>13</td> 
   <td>CR</td> 
   <td>45</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>77</td> 
   <td>M</td> 
   <td>109</td> 
   <td>m</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>14</td> 
   <td>SO</td> 
   <td>46</td> 
   <td>.</td> 
   <td>78</td> 
   <td>N</td> 
   <td>110</td> 
   <td>n</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>15</td> 
   <td>SI</td> 
   <td>47</td> 
   <td>/</td> 
   <td>79</td> 
   <td>O</td> 
   <td>111</td> 
   <td>o</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>16</td> 
   <td>DLE</td> 
   <td>48</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>80</td> 
   <td>P</td> 
   <td>112</td> 
   <td>p</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>17</td> 
   <td>DCI</td> 
   <td>49</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>81</td> 
   <td>Q</td> 
   <td>113</td> 
   <td>q</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>18</td> 
   <td>DC2</td> 
   <td>50</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>82</td> 
   <td>R</td> 
   <td>114</td> 
   <td>r</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>19</td> 
   <td>DC3</td> 
   <td>51</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>83</td> 
   <td>S</td> 
   <td>115</td> 
   <td>s</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>20</td> 
   <td>DC4</td> 
   <td>52</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>84</td> 
   <td>T</td> 
   <td>116</td> 
   <td>t</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>21</td> 
   <td>NAK</td> 
   <td>53</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>85</td> 
   <td>U</td> 
   <td>117</td> 
   <td>u</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>22</td> 
   <td>SYN</td> 
   <td>54</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>86</td> 
   <td>V</td> 
   <td>118</td> 
   <td>v</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>23</td> 
   <td>TB</td> 
   <td>55</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>87</td> 
   <td>W</td> 
   <td>119</td> 
   <td>w</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>24</td> 
   <td>CAN</td> 
   <td>56</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>88</td> 
   <td>X</td> 
   <td>120</td> 
   <td>x</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>25</td> 
   <td>EM</td> 
   <td>57</td> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td>89</td> 
   <td>Y</td> 
   <td>121</td> 
   <td>y</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>26</td> 
   <td>SUB</td> 
   <td>58</td> 
   <td>:</td> 
   <td>90</td> 
   <td>Z</td> 
   <td>122</td> 
   <td>z</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>27</td> 
   <td>ESC</td> 
   <td>59</td> 
   <td>;</td> 
   <td>91</td> 
   <td>[</td> 
   <td>123</td> 
   <td>{ </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>28</td> 
   <td>FS</td> 
   <td>60</td> 
   <td>&lt;</td> 
   <td>92</td> 
   <td>/</td> 
   <td>124</td> 
   <td>|</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>29</td> 
   <td>GS</td> 
   <td>61</td> 
   <td>=</td> 
   <td>93</td> 
   <td>]</td> 
   <td>125</td> 
   <td>}</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>30</td> 
   <td>RS</td> 
   <td>62</td> 
   <td>&gt;</td> 
   <td>94</td> 
   <td>^</td> 
   <td>126</td> 
   <td>`</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>31</td> 
   <td>US</td> 
   <td>63</td> 
   <td>?</td> 
   <td>95</td> 
   <td>_</td> 
   <td>127</td> 
   <td>DEL</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

ASCII 码大致由以下 **两部分组** 成：

*  ASCII 非打印控制字符： ASCII 表上的数字 **0-31** 分配给了控制字符，用于控制像打印机等一些外围设备。
 *  ASCII 打印字符：数字 **32-126** 分配给了能在键盘上找到的字符，当查看或打印文档时就会出现。