Python系列22-Web应用程序-CentOS7下部署Django项目

迈不过友情╰ 2022-11-18 13:42 301阅读 0赞

详细步骤(下面步骤都是ROOT权限执行)

### 文章目录 ###

*  一.部署Django项目前的准备
 *   *  1.1 更新系统软件包
     *  1.2 安装软件管理包和可能使用的依赖
     *  1.3下载并安装python3
     *  1.4 查看Python3和pip3安装情况
     *  1.5 安装virtualenv ，建议大家都安装一个virtualenv，方便不同版本项目管理
     *  1.6 切换到/data/env/下，创建指定版本的虚拟环境
     *  1.7 虚拟环境里用pip3安django和uwsgi
 *  二.本地项目搬迁到服务器
 *   *  2.1 在项目目录下用下面的命令把当前的环境依赖包导出到requirements.txt文件
     *  2.2 打包项目源码并上传到服务器
     *  2.3 通过python3 manage.py runserver 运行一下项目
     *  2.4 配置uwsgi
     *  2.5 配置Nginx
     *  2.6 登陆web界面查看效果
 *  参考:

# 一.部署Django项目前的准备 #

## 1.1 更新系统软件包 ##

yum update -y

备注: 这个操作一般会等待比较久的时间

## 1.2 安装软件管理包和可能使用的依赖 ##

这些是django依赖的包

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
    yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel psmisc libffi-devel

## 1.3下载并安装python3 ##

为了和我本地的python版本保持一致，此处我安装python 3.6版本的

cd /usr/local
    wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.6/Python-3.6.6.tgz
    
    -- 解压
    tar -zxvf Python-3.6.6.tgz
    
    -- 进入 Python-3.6.6路径
    cd Python-3.6.6
    
    -- 编译安装到指定路径
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
    -- 注意：/usr/local/python3 路径可以自己指定，自己记着就行，下边要用到。
    
    -- 安装python3
    make
    make install

安装完成之后 建立软链接 添加变量 方便在终端中直接使用python3  
Python3安装完成之后pip3也一块安装完成，不需要再单独安装  
同样给pip3建立软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3

此时系统自带的python2和新安装的python3均可以使用了

[root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# python -V
    Python 2.7.5
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# python3 -V
    Python 3.6.6
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]#

## 1.4 查看Python3和pip3安装情况 ##

[root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# python3
    Python 3.6.6 (default, Apr  7 2021, 15:11:22) 
    [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> exit()
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# pip3 -V
    pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]#

pip安装依赖模块的时候，会提示更新pip至最新的版本,可以进行升级

[root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
    Collecting pip
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fe/ef/60d7ba03b5c442309ef42e7d69959f73aacccd0d86008362a681c4698e83/pip-21.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 3.2MB/s 
    Installing collected packages: pip
      Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
        Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
          Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
    Successfully installed pip-21.0.1
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# pip3 -V
    pip 21.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]#

## 1.5 安装virtualenv ，建议大家都安装一个virtualenv，方便不同版本项目管理 ##

**代码:**

pip3 install virtualenv
    -- 建立软链接
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv
    -- 安装成功在根目录下创建文件夹，用来存放项目
    mkdir -p /data/env

**测试记录:**

[root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# pip3 install virtualenv
    Collecting virtualenv
    pip3 install virtualenv  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/91/fb/ca6c071f4231e06a9f0c3bd81c15c233bbacd4a7d9dbb7438d95fece8a1e/virtualenv-20.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.2MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.2MB 4.1MB/s 
    Collecting six<2,>=1.9.0 (from virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ee/ff/48bde5c0f013094d729fe4b0316ba2a24774b3ff1c52d924a8a4cb04078a/six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting distlib<1,>=0.3.1 (from virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f5/0a/490fa011d699bb5a5f3a0cf57de82237f52a6db9d40f33c53b2736c9a1f9/distlib-0.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (335kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 337kB 18.2MB/s 
    Collecting importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" (from virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/99/8f/b0ac918b2234848ec5bd2a887d2be7d6686355fcb22d7a0efe878d5c1555/importlib_metadata-3.10.0-py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting importlib-resources>=1.0; python_version < "3.7" (from virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f0/5e/69e6a0602c1f18d390952177de648468c4a380252858b0022affc3ce7811/importlib_resources-5.1.2-py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting appdirs<2,>=1.4.3 (from virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/00/2344469e2084fb287c2e0b57b72910309874c3245463acd6cf5e3db69324/appdirs-1.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting filelock<4,>=3.0.0 (from virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/83/71a2ee6158bb9f39a90c0dea1637f81d5eef866e188e1971a1b1ab01a35a/filelock-3.0.12-py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting typing-extensions>=3.6.4; python_version < "3.8" (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/7a/e881b5abb54db0e6e671ab088d079c57ce54e8a01a3ca443f561ccadb37e/typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting zipp>=0.5 (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->virtualenv)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/8c/715c54e9e34c0c4820f616a913a7de3337d0cd79074dd1bed4dd840f16ae/zipp-3.4.1-py3-none-any.whl
    Installing collected packages: six, distlib, typing-extensions, zipp, importlib-metadata, importlib-resources, appdirs, filelock, virtualenv
    Successfully installed appdirs-1.4.4 distlib-0.3.1 filelock-3.0.12 importlib-metadata-3.10.0 importlib-resources-5.1.2 six-1.15.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 virtualenv-20.4.3 zipp-3.4.1
    You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 21.0.1 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
    Collecting pip
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fe/ef/60d7ba03b5c442309ef42e7d69959f73aacccd0d86008362a681c4698e83/pip-21.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 3.2MB/s 
    Installing collected packages: pip
      Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
        Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
          Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
    Successfully installed pip-21.0.1
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]# pip3 -V
    pip 21.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
    [root@10-31-1-120 Python-3.6.6]#

## 1.6 切换到/data/env/下，创建指定版本的虚拟环境 ##

这个地方只是模拟安装virtualenv ，后面我们在自己的项目下会重复类似操作

cd /data/env
    virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 pyweb

然后进入/data/env/pyweb/bin  
启动虚拟环境：

cd /data/env/pyweb/bin
    source activate

![image.png][]

**测试记录:**

[root@10-31-1-120 env]# cd /data/env
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 pyweb
    created virtual environment CPython3.6.6.final.0-64 in 188ms
      creator CPython3Posix(dest=/data/env/pyweb, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
      seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv)
        added seed packages: pip==21.0.1, setuptools==54.1.2, wheel==0.36.2
      activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# cd /data/env/pyweb/bin
    [root@10-31-1-120 bin]# source activate
    (pyweb) [root@10-31-1-120 bin]#

## 1.7 虚拟环境里用pip3安django和uwsgi ##

pip3 install Django==3.1.7 （如果用于生产的话，则需要指定安装和你项目相同的版本）
    pip3 install uwsgi

**留意**：uwsgi要安装两次，先在系统里安装一次，然后进入对应的虚拟环境安装一次。  
第二步拷贝自己的项目的时候，需要再安装一次 uwsgi

给uwsgi建立软链接，方便使用

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi

测试记录:

[root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# pip3 install Django==3.1.7
    Collecting Django==3.1.7
      Downloading Django-3.1.7-py3-none-any.whl (7.8 MB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 7.8 MB 411 kB/s 
    Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Django==3.1.7) (2021.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Django==3.1.7) (0.4.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: asgiref<4,>=3.2.10 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Django==3.1.7) (3.3.4)
    Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from asgiref<4,>=3.2.10->Django==3.1.7) (3.7.4.3)
    Installing collected packages: Django
    Successfully installed Django-3.1.7
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# pip3 install uwsgi
    Collecting uwsgi
      Using cached uWSGI-2.0.19.1-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl
    Installing collected packages: uwsgi
    Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.19.1
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]#

# 二.本地项目搬迁到服务器 #

数据库使用的sqllite，直接在打包文件里，如使用mysql，需要进行数据迁移。

## 2.1 在项目目录下用下面的命令把当前的环境依赖包导出到requirements.txt文件 ##

(ll_env) E:\python\my_learning_log>pip freeze > requirements.txt
    
    (ll_env) E:\python\my_learning_log>
    (ll_env) E:\python\my_learning_log>more requirements.txt
    asgiref==3.3.1
    Django==3.1.7
    django-bootstrap3==14.2.0
    importlib-metadata==1.7.0
    pytz==2021.1
    sqlparse==0.4.1
    zipp==3.4.1
    
    (ll_env) E:\python\my_learning_log>

**安装所需的模块:**  
代码:

pip3 install asgiref==3.3.1
    pip3 install Django==3.1.7
    pip3 install django-bootstrap3==14.2.0
    pip3 install importlib-metadata==1.7.0
    pip3 install pytz==2021.1
    pip3 install sqlparse==0.4.1
    pip3 install zipp==3.4.1

测试记录:

[root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install asgiref==3.3.1
    Collecting asgiref==3.3.1
      Downloading asgiref-3.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
    Installing collected packages: asgiref
      Attempting uninstall: asgiref
        Found existing installation: asgiref 3.3.4
        Uninstalling asgiref-3.3.4:
          Successfully uninstalled asgiref-3.3.4
    Successfully installed asgiref-3.3.1
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install Django==3.1.7
    Requirement already satisfied: Django==3.1.7 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (3.1.7)
    Requirement already satisfied: asgiref<4,>=3.2.10 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Django==3.1.7) (3.3.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Django==3.1.7) (2021.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Django==3.1.7) (0.4.1)
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install django-bootstrap3==14.2.0
    Collecting django-bootstrap3==14.2.0
      Downloading django_bootstrap3-14.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
    Collecting importlib-metadata<2.0.0,>=1.5.0
      Downloading importlib_metadata-1.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (31 kB)
    Requirement already satisfied: django<4.0,>=2.2 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from django-bootstrap3==14.2.0) (3.1.7)
    Requirement already satisfied: asgiref<4,>=3.2.10 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from django<4.0,>=2.2->django-bootstrap3==14.2.0) (3.3.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from django<4.0,>=2.2->django-bootstrap3==14.2.0) (0.4.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from django<4.0,>=2.2->django-bootstrap3==14.2.0) (2021.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from importlib-metadata<2.0.0,>=1.5.0->django-bootstrap3==14.2.0) (3.4.1)
    Installing collected packages: importlib-metadata, django-bootstrap3
      Attempting uninstall: importlib-metadata
        Found existing installation: importlib-metadata 3.10.0
        Uninstalling importlib-metadata-3.10.0:
          Successfully uninstalled importlib-metadata-3.10.0
    Successfully installed django-bootstrap3-14.2.0 importlib-metadata-1.7.0
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install importlib-metadata==1.7.0
    Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata==1.7.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (1.7.0)
    Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from importlib-metadata==1.7.0) (3.4.1)
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install pytz==2021.1
    Requirement already satisfied: pytz==2021.1 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (2021.1)
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install sqlparse==0.4.1
    Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse==0.4.1 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (0.4.1)
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# pip3 install zipp==3.4.1
    
    Requirement already satisfied: zipp==3.4.1 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (3.4.1)
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 ~]#

## 2.2 打包项目源码并上传到服务器 ##

将my\_learning\_log整个项目打包成.zip文件，上传到/data/env目录，并进行解压。

**代码:**

cd /data/env
    unzip my_learning_log.zip
    cd /data/env/my_learning_log/bin
    virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 my_learning_log
    source activate

**测试记录:**

[root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# cd /data/env
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# ls
    my_learning_log  my_learning_log.zip  pyweb
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# cd /data/env/my_learning_log/bin
    -bash: cd: /data/env/my_learning_log/bin: 没有那个文件或目录
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 my_learning_log
    created virtual environment CPython3.6.6.final.0-64 in 214ms
      creator CPython3Posix(dest=/data/env/my_learning_log, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
      seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv)
        added seed packages: pip==21.0.1, setuptools==54.1.2, wheel==0.36.2
      activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 env]# cd /data/env/my_learning_log/bin
    [root@10-31-1-120 bin]# source activate
    (my_learning_log) [root@10-31-1-120 bin]# 
    (my_learning_log) [root@10-31-1-120 bin]#

**进入虚拟环境,安装uwsgi**

(my_learning_log) [root@10-31-1-120 bin]# pip3 install uwsgi
    Collecting uwsgi
      Using cached uWSGI-2.0.19.1-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl
    Installing collected packages: uwsgi
    Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.19.1
    (my_learning_log) [root@10-31-1-120 bin]#

## 2.3 通过python3 manage.py runserver 运行一下项目 ##

**代码:**

python3 manage.py runserver 10.31.1.120:8000

**测试记录:**

[root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# python3 manage.py runserver 10.31.1.120:8000
    Watching for file changes with StatReloader
    Performing system checks...
    
    System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
    April 07, 2021 - 08:31:19
    Django version 3.1.7, using settings 'learning_log.settings'
    Starting development server at http://10.31.1.120:8000/
    Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

**注意:**  
一定要看日志，这个地方比较容易出问题，根据日志进行排查问题。

## 2.4 配置uwsgi ##

配置uwsgi有多种方式,这里我向大家介绍两种,我们使用的时候只需要使用其中一个就行了.  
**第二种:ini格式的配置文件**

[root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# cd /data/env/my_learning_log
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# 
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# more uwsgi.ini
    #添加配置选择
    [uwsgi]
    #配置和nginx连接的socket连接
    socket=127.0.0.1:8997
    #配置项目路径，项目的所在目录
    chdir=/data/env/my_learning_log/
    #配置wsgi接口模块文件路径,也就是wsgi.py这个文件所在的目录名
    wsgi-file=learning_log/wsgi.py
    #配置启动的进程数
    processes=4
    #配置每个进程的线程数
    threads=2
    #配置启动管理主进程
    master=True
    #配置存放主进程的进程号文件
    pidfile=uwsgi.pid
    #配置dump日志记录
    daemonize=uwsgi.log
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# pwd
    /data/env/my_learning_log
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]#

通过下面的命令启动运行uwsgi

uwsgi  --ini  uwsgi.ini

测试记录:

[root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]# uwsgi  --ini  uwsgi.ini
    [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi.ini
    [root@10-31-1-120 my_learning_log]#

ini配置文件其它相关命令:

#停止运行uwsgi，通过包含主进程编号的文件设置停止项目
    uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid
    
    #重启uwsgi
    uwsgi --reload uwsgi.pid

## 2.5 配置Nginx ##

进入home目录，执行下面命令

cd /home/
    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
    cd nginx-1.13.7
    ./configure
    make
    make install

nginx一般默认安装好的路径为/usr/local/nginx  
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/中先备份一下nginx.conf文件，以防意外。

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
    cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
    -- 不存在的目录先创建
    mkdir -p /data/env/my_learning_log/static/

然后打开nginx.conf，把原来的内容删除，直接加入以下内容：

events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        server {
            listen 80;
            server_name  127.0.0.1:80; #改为自己的域名，没域名修改为127.0.0.1:80
            charset utf-8;
            location / {
               include uwsgi_params;
               uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8997;  #端口要和uwsgi里配置的一样
               uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT learning_log.wsgi;  #wsgi.py所在的目录名+.wsgi
               uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /data/env/my_learning_log/; #项目路径
               
            }
            location /static/ {
            alias /data/env/my_learning_log/static/; #静态资源路径
            }
        }
    }

进入/usr/local/nginx/sbin/目录  
执行./nginx -t命令先检查配置文件是否有错，没有错就执行以下命令：

./nginx

测试记录:

[root@10-31-1-120 conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
    [root@10-31-1-120 sbin]# ./nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@10-31-1-120 sbin]# ./nginx

## 2.6 登陆web界面查看效果 ##

浏览器输入:http://10.31.1.120:8000/

如下图所示，项目部署完成，太给力了。

![image.png][image.png 1]

# 参考: #

1.https://www.django.cn/article/show-4.html  
2.https://blog.csdn.net/lezeqe/article/details/83820621  
3.https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_43336281/article/details/100055435

[image.png]: /images/20221022/3a05d0c14fc54464ad124c7742500d98.png
[image.png 1]: /images/20221022/8110089fa61d4cab9506824cb09f88ca.png