SpringBoot单元测试（Service测试、Controller测试、Mock测试）

古城微笑少年丶 2022-11-18 04:40 1016阅读 0赞

# 前提：新建SpringBoot项目 #

# 1、Service测试 #

Service层测试就是常规测试，例如现在有一个HelloService:

@Service
    public class HelloService {
        public String sayHello(String name){
            return "Hello " + name + " !";
        }
    }

在idea工具中创建测试类快捷键Ctrl+Shift+T，具体测试代码如下：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class HelloServiceTest {
    
    	@Autowired
    	HelloService helloService;
    	@Test
    	public void contextLoads() {
    		String hello = helloService.sayHello("Chen");
    		Assert.assertThat(hello, Matchers.is("Hello Chen !"));//判断测试是否正确，绿色结果正确，黄色则是表示结果值错误
    	}
    
    }

运行测试类结果：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTk0MTI5OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

黄色表示期望值和实际值不匹配

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTk0MTI5OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

# 2、Controller测试，这里需要使用到Mock测试 #

例如有如下Controller

@RestController
    public class HelloController {
    
        @GetMapping("/hello")
        public String hello(String name){
            return "Hello "+ name+ " !";
        }
        @PostMapping("/book")
        public String addBook(@RequestBody Book book){
            return book.toString();
        }
    }

涉及到的实体类：

public class Book {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private String author;
        ...(get、set方法省略)
    }

测试类代码：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class HelloControllerTest {
    
        @Autowired
        HelloService helloService;
    
        @Autowired
        WebApplicationContext wac;//模拟ServletContext环境
        MockMvc mockMvc;//声明MockMvc对象
    
        @Before
        public void before() {
            mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test1() throws Exception {
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(
                    MockMvcRequestBuilders
                            .get("/hello")//get请求方法
                            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)//请求内容类型
                            .param("name","Chen"))//参数
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())//期望返回状态200
                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())//指定打印信息
                    .andReturn();//返回值
            System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
        }
        @Test
        public void test2() throws Exception {
            ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
            Book book = new Book();
            book.setAuthor("羅貫中");
            book.setName("三國演義");
            book.setId(1);
            String s = om.writeValueAsString(book);
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
                    .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders
                        .post("/book")
                        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                        .content(s)
                    )
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                    .andReturn();
            System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
        }
    }

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTk0MTI5OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221022/90701a2bc734435abcd49f826e5c345f.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTk0MTI5OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221022/11b684783022430bba780d80a7561eea.png