[MongoDB] 运维相关操作记录

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-11-18 02:11 226阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

前段时间. 实战操作了下`MongoDB`. 在此将操作记录总结一下.

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### MongoDB 相关Bin ###

localhost:bin sean$ pwd
    /Users/sean/Software/MongoDB/current/bin
    localhost:bin sean$ ls
    Untitled.js	mongo		mongodump	mongofiles	mongooplog	mongoreplay	mongos		mongotop
    bsondump	mongod		mongoexport	mongoimport	mongoperf	mongorestore	mongostat

进入MongoDB的bin目录下, 我们发现MongoDB提供了如下工具.  
PS: Windows平台部分命令没有, 需要安装单独的工具包。

*  mongod: mongoDB Server端.
 *  mongo: client端
 *  mongoimport 导入
 *  mongoexport 导出

本篇主要就是基于`mongo`命令基础上, 后续进行操作.

--------------------

### 连接 ###

先通过`--help`看下基础命令.

localhost:bin sean$ ./mongo --help
    MongoDB shell version v3.4.2
    usage: ./mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
    db address can be:
      foo                   foo database on local machine
      192.168.0.5/foo       foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
      192.168.0.5:9999/foo  foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
    Options:
      --shell                             run the shell after executing files
      --nodb                              don't connect to mongod on startup - no
                                          'db address' arg expected
      --norc                              will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on
                                          start up
      --quiet                             be less chatty
      --port arg                          port to connect to
      --host arg                          server to connect to
      --eval arg                          evaluate javascript
      -h [ --help ]                       show this usage information
      --version                           show version information
      --verbose                           increase verbosity
      --ipv6                              enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
      --disableJavaScriptJIT              disable the Javascript Just In Time
                                          compiler
      --disableJavaScriptProtection       allow automatic JavaScript function
                                          marshalling
      --networkMessageCompressors arg     Comma-separated list of compressors to
                                          use for network messages
      --jsHeapLimitMB arg                 set the js scope's heap size limit
    
    Authentication Options:
      -u [ --username ] arg               username for authentication
      -p [ --password ] arg               password for authentication
      --authenticationDatabase arg        user source (defaults to dbname)
      --authenticationMechanism arg       authentication mechanism
      --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)  Service name to use when authenticating
                                          using GSSAPI/Kerberos
      --gssapiHostName arg                Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                          GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
    
    file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified

*  无密码参数  
    `./mongo 127.0.0.1:27017`
 *  有密码授权  
    `./mongo -u username -p password --authenticationDatabase authDataBaseName 127.0.0.1:27017`

--------------------

### 基本结构查询 ###

*  查询数据库 - show dbs
 *  查询数据库表 - show collections

--------------------

### 简单查询 ###

*  find() - db.col\_name.find()

查询操作

*  pretty() - db.col\_name.find().pretty()

将查询结果拆散. 更容易观看.

*  count() - db.col\_name.find().count()

个数统计.

*  limit() - db.col\_name.find().limit(num)

查询结果个数限制.

*  索引相关

表默认会根据`'_id'`字段建立索引. 如果需要建立其他索引, 可通过如下命令.

db.col_name.createIndex({"title":1})

*  内嵌函数体

*  $in 操作符使用

>     $in
>     The $in operator selects the documents where the valueof a field equals any >value in the specified array. To specify an$in expression, use the following >prototype:
>     
>     For comparison of different BSON type values, see the specifiedBSON >comparison order.
>     
>     { field: { $in: [<value1>, <value2>, ... <valueN> ] } }
>     If the field holds an array, then the $in operatorselects the documents whose field holds an array that containsat least one element that matches a value in the specified array(e.g. <value1>, <value2>, etc.)
>     
>     上面这段话是摘自官方的解释，大概的意思就是说：field只要和array中的任意一个value相同，那么该文档就会被检索出来。
>     
>     也就是说mongoDB中$in的功能和sql中的in是相同的。
> 
> [MongoDB之$in的用法][MongoDB_in]

db.user.find({hobby:{$in:["足球","篮球"]  } })

*  $or & $all

> db.user.find({$or:[{name:"mike"},{name:"jack"}]} )
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4b0219efd687462f965"), "id" : 1, "name" : "jack", "age" : 73 }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4b7219efd687462f966"), "id" : 2, "name" : "mike", "age" : 84, "gender" : "男" }
    
    > db.user.find({hobby:{$all:["足球"]  } })
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4c4219efd687462f968"), "id" : 4, "name" : "xiaogang", "age" : 34, "hobby" : [ "羽毛球", "篮球", "足球" ] }
    
    
    > db.user.find({hobby:{$all:["足球","羽毛球"]  } })
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4c4219efd687462f968"), "id" : 4, "name" : "xiaogang", "age" : 34, "hobby" : [ "羽毛球", "篮球", "足球" ] }
    
    > db.user.find({hobby:{$all:["足球","桌球"]  } })

[MongoDB 查询$关键字 $in $or $all][MongoDB _ _in _or _all]

--------------------

### Others ###

##### ObjectId 与 String类型的Id #####

略. 值得注意的是`MongoDB`内的ID为`ObjectID`类型. 且长度固定24位. 不足24位的ID, MongoDB会将其指定为一个`String`类型. 这在查询的时候有所影响, 需要特别注意.

[mongodb中的objectId和字符串id之间的转换][mongodb_objectId_id]

[mongodb – 将ObjectID转换为mongo聚合中的字符串][mongodb _ _ObjectID_mongo]

[MongoDB深究之ObjectId][MongoDB_ObjectId]

--------------------

##### Schema查询 #####

`MongoDB`内是不存在`Schema`的概念的. 但是有的时候, 我们需要对其中对表结构进行统计. 这里, `MongoDB`提供了`Varity.js`进行查询. 具体操作如下:

*  安装过程

将`variety.js`安装到想要安装的相关目录.  
[https://github.com/variety/variety][https_github.com_variety_variety]

*  操作过程

./mongo 192.168.10.1/TESTS --eval "var collection = 'TESTS ', query = {'mediaTypeId':'Atlas'} /opt/variety-master/variety.js

\[2\]. [Variety.js][]

--------------------

### Reference ###

\[1\]. [菜鸟教程 - MongoDB 教程][- MongoDB]

[MongoDB_in]: https://blog.csdn.net/zhujun_xiaoxin/article/details/52517368
[MongoDB _ _in _or _all]: https://www.cnblogs.com/mingerlcm/p/10680652.html
[mongodb_objectId_id]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30856725/article/details/95112904
[mongodb _ _ObjectID_mongo]: http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-kircpnea-bty.html
[MongoDB_ObjectId]: https://www.cnblogs.com/xjk15082/archive/2011/09/18/2180792.html
[https_github.com_variety_variety]: https://github.com/variety/variety
[Variety.js]: http://cache.baiducontent.com/c?m=575u1ezHJZBOlD-uzVWgKoSmhNKG_m7Wy--vjaEF711g5Ho6D7aTSDh_kFCFqxxN7QFBFpjxyT8v6_KYVFaiYpaVKHABlZGnrO0sWGmi-vtr-Tfp110jXLwb1oB-pSxG_ZPaXHYR7UkUZyZpDU0ZV_&p=89759a46d7c31efc57ef8a3c5443cd&newp=9e63dd16d9c111a05bec946d515582231610db2151d7da1e6b82c825d7331b001c3bbfb42329160ed6c37c6007aa435be0f73672350923a3dda5c91d9fb4c57479&s=a8baa56554f96369&user=baidu&fm=sc&query=Variety%2Ejs&qid=ba43c1650005a5ea&p1=1
[- MongoDB]: https://www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-tutorial.html