ubuntu 自动安装

矫情吗；* 2022-11-14 00:47 221阅读 0赞

# ubuntu安装程序介绍 #

**debian-installer**：Debian 系统的安装程序,使用preseed机制进行自动安装。

**ubiquity**：ubiquity是Ubuntu的live CD图形安装程序，主要使用Python编写，使用debian-installer（d-i）作为其许多功能的后端，同样使用**preseed**机制进行自动安装。  
This is a simple live CD installer designed to integrate well with Debian- and Ubuntu-based systems, and to reuse code from d-i for ease of maintenance.

**subiquity**：新的Ubuntu Server安装程序，用来替代基于debian-installer（di）的经典服务器安装程序(ubiquity)，[Ubuntu][] Server 17.10中引入，在ubuntu server 20.04 LTS中彻底淘汰debian-installer，subiquity使用**cloud-init**进行自动安装。

# 使用**preseed**自动化安装 #

官方文档：  
[https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/installation-guide/amd64/apb.html][https_help.ubuntu.com_16.04_installation-guide_amd64_apb.html]  
使用例子：  
[https://zhangguanzhang.github.io/2019/08/06/preseed/][https_zhangguanzhang.github.io_2019_08_06_preseed]  
[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_43424368/article/details/102504109][https_blog.csdn.net_weixin_43424368_article_details_102504109]  
新建好preseed文件后，修改 isolinux.cfg和grub.cfg，在启动参数中添加preseed文件的路径/地址。

# 使用cloud-init自动化安装 #

官方文档：  
[https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall][https_ubuntu.com_server_docs_install_autoinstall]  
[https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-reference][https_ubuntu.com_server_docs_install_autoinstall-reference]  
[https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-quickstart][https_ubuntu.com_server_docs_install_autoinstall-quickstart]

使用例子：  
[https://askubuntu.com/questions/1235723/automated-20-04-server-installation-using-pxe-and-live-server-image][https_askubuntu.com_questions_1235723_automated-20-04-server-installation-using-pxe-and-live-server-image]  
[https://medium.com/@tlhakhan/ubuntu-server-20-04-autoinstall-2e5f772b655a][https_medium.com_tlhakhan_ubuntu-server-20-04-autoinstall-2e5f772b655a]

从网络获取配置文件安装步骤：  
1.创建user-data 和 meta-data  
2.启动python3网络服务，包含第一步的2个文件

python3 -m http.server 3003

3. 修改isolinux.cfg和grub.cfg，在启动参数中添加文件url 路径.

linux   /casper/vmlinuz quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud-net\;s=http://<my-laptop-ip>:3003/ ---

用户配置文件集成在iso镜像中的例子：  
[https://github.com/covertsh/ubuntu-autoinstall-generator][https_github.com_covertsh_ubuntu-autoinstall-generator]

[Ubuntu]: https://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=2
[https_help.ubuntu.com_16.04_installation-guide_amd64_apb.html]: https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/installation-guide/amd64/apb.html
[https_zhangguanzhang.github.io_2019_08_06_preseed]: https://zhangguanzhang.github.io/2019/08/06/preseed/
[https_blog.csdn.net_weixin_43424368_article_details_102504109]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43424368/article/details/102504109
[https_ubuntu.com_server_docs_install_autoinstall]: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall
[https_ubuntu.com_server_docs_install_autoinstall-reference]: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-reference
[https_ubuntu.com_server_docs_install_autoinstall-quickstart]: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-quickstart
[https_askubuntu.com_questions_1235723_automated-20-04-server-installation-using-pxe-and-live-server-image]: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1235723/automated-20-04-server-installation-using-pxe-and-live-server-image
[https_medium.com_tlhakhan_ubuntu-server-20-04-autoinstall-2e5f772b655a]: https://medium.com/@tlhakhan/ubuntu-server-20-04-autoinstall-2e5f772b655a
[https_github.com_covertsh_ubuntu-autoinstall-generator]: https://github.com/covertsh/ubuntu-autoinstall-generator