使用gunicorn部署flask为并发模式

港控/mmm° 2022-11-13 00:46 408阅读 0赞

一般不会直接使用flask进行部署，因为扛不住高并发

一般需要wsgi

这里我是使用的gunicorn

使用之前需要安装gunicorn

pip install gunicorn

然后就可以试一下：

root@zl:/opt# gunicorn -h
    usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
    
    optional arguments:
      -h, --help            show this help message and exit
      -v, --version         show program's version number and exit
      -c CONFIG, --config CONFIG
                            The Gunicorn config file. [None]
      -b ADDRESS, --bind ADDRESS
                            The socket to bind. [['127.0.0.1:8000']]
      --backlog INT         The maximum number of pending connections. [2048]
      -w INT, --workers INT
                            The number of worker processes for handling requests.
                            [1]
      -k STRING, --worker-class STRING
                            The type of workers to use. [sync]
      --threads INT         The number of worker threads for handling requests.
                            [1]
      --worker-connections INT
                            The maximum number of simultaneous clients. [1000]
      --max-requests INT    The maximum number of requests a worker will process
                            before restarting. [0]
      --max-requests-jitter INT
                            The maximum jitter to add to the *max_requests*
                            setting. [0]
      -t INT, --timeout INT
                            Workers silent for more than this many seconds are
                            killed and restarted. [30]
      --graceful-timeout INT
                            Timeout for graceful workers restart. [30]
      --keep-alive INT      The number of seconds to wait for requests on a Keep-
                            Alive connection. [2]
      --limit-request-line INT
                            The maximum size of HTTP request line in bytes. [4094]
      --limit-request-fields INT
                            Limit the number of HTTP headers fields in a request.
                            [100]
      --limit-request-field_size INT
                            Limit the allowed size of an HTTP request header
                            field. [8190]
      --reload              Restart workers when code changes. [False]
      --reload-engine STRING
                            The implementation that should be used to power
                            :ref:`reload`. [auto]
      --reload-extra-file FILES
                            Extends :ref:`reload` option to also watch and reload
                            on additional files [[]]
      --spew                Install a trace function that spews every line
                            executed by the server. [False]
      --check-config        Check the configuration. [False]
      --preload             Load application code before the worker processes are
                            forked. [False]
      --no-sendfile         Disables the use of ``sendfile()``. [None]
      --reuse-port          Set the ``SO_REUSEPORT`` flag on the listening socket.
                            [False]
      --chdir CHDIR         Chdir to specified directory before apps loading.
                            [/opt]
      -D, --daemon          Daemonize the Gunicorn process. [False]
      -e ENV, --env ENV     Set environment variable (key=value). [[]]
      -p FILE, --pid FILE   A filename to use for the PID file. [None]
      --worker-tmp-dir DIR  A directory to use for the worker heartbeat temporary
                            file. [None]
      -u USER, --user USER  Switch worker processes to run as this user. [0]
      -g GROUP, --group GROUP
                            Switch worker process to run as this group. [0]
      -m INT, --umask INT   A bit mask for the file mode on files written by
                            Gunicorn. [0]
      --initgroups          If true, set the worker process's group access list
                            with all of the [False]
      --forwarded-allow-ips STRING
                            Front-end's IPs from which allowed to handle set
                            secure headers. [127.0.0.1]
      --access-logfile FILE
                            The Access log file to write to. [None]
      --disable-redirect-access-to-syslog
                            Disable redirect access logs to syslog. [False]
      --access-logformat STRING
                            The access log format. [%(h)s %(l)s %(u)s %(t)s
                            "%(r)s" %(s)s %(b)s "%(f)s" "%(a)s"]
      --error-logfile FILE, --log-file FILE
                            The Error log file to write to. [-]
      --log-level LEVEL     The granularity of Error log outputs. [info]
      --capture-output      Redirect stdout/stderr to specified file in
                            :ref:`errorlog`. [False]
      --logger-class STRING
                            The logger you want to use to log events in Gunicorn.
                            [gunicorn.glogging.Logger]
      --log-config FILE     The log config file to use. [None]
      --log-config-dict LOGCONFIG_DICT
                            The log config dictionary to use, using the standard
                            Python [{}]
      --log-syslog-to SYSLOG_ADDR
                            Address to send syslog messages. [udp://localhost:514]
      --log-syslog          Send *Gunicorn* logs to syslog. [False]
      --log-syslog-prefix SYSLOG_PREFIX
                            Makes Gunicorn use the parameter as program-name in
                            the syslog entries. [None]
      --log-syslog-facility SYSLOG_FACILITY
                            Syslog facility name [user]
      -R, --enable-stdio-inheritance
                            Enable stdio inheritance. [False]
      --statsd-host STATSD_ADDR
                            ``host:port`` of the statsd server to log to. [None]
      --dogstatsd-tags DOGSTATSD_TAGS
                            A comma-delimited list of datadog statsd (dogstatsd)
                            tags to append to statsd metrics. []
      --statsd-prefix STATSD_PREFIX
                            Prefix to use when emitting statsd metrics (a trailing
                            ``.`` is added, []
      -n STRING, --name STRING
                            A base to use with setproctitle for process naming.
                            [None]
      --pythonpath STRING   A comma-separated list of directories to add to the
                            Python path. [None]
      --paste STRING, --paster STRING
                            Load a PasteDeploy config file. The argument may
                            contain a ``#`` [None]
      --proxy-protocol      Enable detect PROXY protocol (PROXY mode). [False]
      --proxy-allow-from PROXY_ALLOW_IPS
                            Front-end's IPs from which allowed accept proxy
                            requests (comma separate). [127.0.0.1]
      --keyfile FILE        SSL key file [None]
      --certfile FILE       SSL certificate file [None]
      --ssl-version SSL_VERSION
                            SSL version to use. [_SSLMethod.PROTOCOL_TLS]
      --cert-reqs CERT_REQS
                            Whether client certificate is required (see stdlib ssl
                            module's) [VerifyMode.CERT_NONE]
      --ca-certs FILE       CA certificates file [None]
      --suppress-ragged-eofs
                            Suppress ragged EOFs (see stdlib ssl module's) [True]
      --do-handshake-on-connect
                            Whether to perform SSL handshake on socket connect
                            (see stdlib ssl module's) [False]
      --ciphers CIPHERS     SSL Cipher suite to use, in the format of an OpenSSL
                            cipher list. [None]
      --paste-global CONF   Set a PasteDeploy global config variable in
                            ``key=value`` form. [[]]
      --strip-header-spaces
                            Strip spaces present between the header name and the
                            the ``:``. [False]

事先建立一个名为test.py的flask文件：

from flask import Flask
    app = Flask(__name__)
    @app.route('/')
    def index():
        return "ok"
    
    if __name__=='__main__':
        app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=9000)

为了使用工作模式为gevent，需要手动安装

pip install gevent==1.4

需要使用1.4以上的版本才能使用

准备就绪，现在可以运行一下服务了：

root@zl:/opt# gunicorn test:app -b 0.0.0.0:9000 -k gevent -w 4 --log-level debug
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23684] [DEBUG] Current configuration:
      config: None
      bind: ['0.0.0.0:9000']
      backlog: 2048
      workers: 4
      worker_class: gevent
      threads: 1
      worker_connections: 1000
      max_requests: 0
      max_requests_jitter: 0
      timeout: 30
      graceful_timeout: 30
      keepalive: 2
      limit_request_line: 4094
      limit_request_fields: 100
      limit_request_field_size: 8190
      reload: False
      reload_engine: auto
      reload_extra_files: []
      spew: False
      check_config: False
      preload_app: False
      sendfile: None
      reuse_port: False
      chdir: /opt
      daemon: False
      raw_env: []
      pidfile: None
      worker_tmp_dir: None
      user: 0
      group: 0
      umask: 0
      initgroups: False
      tmp_upload_dir: None
      secure_scheme_headers: {'X-FORWARDED-PROTOCOL': 'ssl', 'X-FORWARDED-PROTO': 'https', 'X-FORWARDED-SSL': 'on'}
      forwarded_allow_ips: ['127.0.0.1']
      accesslog: None
      disable_redirect_access_to_syslog: False
      access_log_format: %(h)s %(l)s %(u)s %(t)s "%(r)s" %(s)s %(b)s "%(f)s" "%(a)s"
      errorlog: -
      loglevel: debug
      capture_output: False
      logger_class: gunicorn.glogging.Logger
      logconfig: None
      logconfig_dict: {}
      syslog_addr: udp://localhost:514
      syslog: False
      syslog_prefix: None
      syslog_facility: user
      enable_stdio_inheritance: False
      statsd_host: None
      dogstatsd_tags: 
      statsd_prefix: 
      proc_name: None
      default_proc_name: test:app
      pythonpath: None
      paste: None
      on_starting: <function OnStarting.on_starting at 0x7f729a6ed1e0>
      on_reload: <function OnReload.on_reload at 0x7f729a6ed2f0>
      when_ready: <function WhenReady.when_ready at 0x7f729a6ed400>
      pre_fork: <function Prefork.pre_fork at 0x7f729a6ed510>
      post_fork: <function Postfork.post_fork at 0x7f729a6ed620>
      post_worker_init: <function PostWorkerInit.post_worker_init at 0x7f729a6ed730>
      worker_int: <function WorkerInt.worker_int at 0x7f729a6ed840>
      worker_abort: <function WorkerAbort.worker_abort at 0x7f729a6ed950>
      pre_exec: <function PreExec.pre_exec at 0x7f729a6eda60>
      pre_request: <function PreRequest.pre_request at 0x7f729a6edb70>
      post_request: <function PostRequest.post_request at 0x7f729a6edbf8>
      child_exit: <function ChildExit.child_exit at 0x7f729a6edd08>
      worker_exit: <function WorkerExit.worker_exit at 0x7f729a6ede18>
      nworkers_changed: <function NumWorkersChanged.nworkers_changed at 0x7f729a6edf28>
      on_exit: <function OnExit.on_exit at 0x7f729a1e40d0>
      proxy_protocol: False
      proxy_allow_ips: ['127.0.0.1']
      keyfile: None
      certfile: None
      ssl_version: 2
      cert_reqs: 0
      ca_certs: None
      suppress_ragged_eofs: True
      do_handshake_on_connect: False
      ciphers: None
      raw_paste_global_conf: []
      strip_header_spaces: False
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23684] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.0.4
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23684] [DEBUG] Arbiter booted
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23684] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:9000 (23684)
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23684] [INFO] Using worker: gevent
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23687] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 23687
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23688] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 23688
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23689] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 23689
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23690] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 23690
    [2021-03-24 17:29:42 +0800] [23684] [DEBUG] 4 workers

可以测试一下请求：

![20210324173104726.png][]

我们也可以看一下进程：

root@zl:/opt# ps -ef|grep python
    root        727      1  0 13:52 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/networkd-dispatcher --run-startup-triggers
    root        799      1  0 13:52 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/share/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrade-shutdown --wait-for-signal
    root       2014   1992  0 13:52 pts/0    00:00:00 python
    zl        11792      1  0 13:57 tty2     00:00:03 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/update-manager --no-update --no-focus-on-map
    zl        23338   3204  0 17:12 pts/1    00:00:00 /opt/AN/bin/python /opt/AN/bin/ipython
    root      23624   1992  0 17:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /opt/AN/bin/python /opt/AN/bin/gunicorn test:app -b 0.0.0.0:9000 -k gevent -w 4 --log-level debug
    root      23627  23624  0 17:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /opt/AN/bin/python /opt/AN/bin/gunicorn test:app -b 0.0.0.0:9000 -k gevent -w 4 --log-level debug
    root      23628  23624  0 17:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /opt/AN/bin/python /opt/AN/bin/gunicorn test:app -b 0.0.0.0:9000 -k gevent -w 4 --log-level debug
    root      23629  23624  0 17:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /opt/AN/bin/python /opt/AN/bin/gunicorn test:app -b 0.0.0.0:9000 -k gevent -w 4 --log-level debug
    root      23630  23624  0 17:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /opt/AN/bin/python /opt/AN/bin/gunicorn test:app -b 0.0.0.0:9000 -k gevent -w 4 --log-level debug
    root      23664  23405  0 17:21 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto python

可以发现有5个进程，1个是主进程+4个工作进程

具体使用参数可以参考：[https://www.itnotebooks.com/?p=531][https_www.itnotebooks.com_p_531]

[20210324173104726.png]: /images/20221022/3d229777d73140c1b033067e92d9b2b7.png
[https_www.itnotebooks.com_p_531]: https://www.itnotebooks.com/?p=531