PMD【 Java 代码检查工具】入门使用教程（超详细）

红太狼 2022-11-12 02:38 619阅读 0赞

### PMD【 Java 代码检查工具】 ###

*  介绍
 *  使用方式
 *   *  1、使用插件的方式
     *  2、maven项目引入依赖的方式
     *  3、pmd 命令行的方式
     *  4、Java API的方式 \*
     *   *  项目结构
         *  测试代码
         *  pmdArgs方式
         *  PMDConfiguration方式
         *  Programmatically（拓展）
         *  分析结果
 *  图形界面
 *   *  检测
     *  自定义规则

# 介绍 #

**      PMD是一个静态源代码分析器。它发现了常见的编程缺陷，如未使用的变量、空捕获块、不必要的对象创建等等。**

**官网：[点这里][Link 1]**  
**官方文档：[点这里][Link 2]**

# 使用方式 #

## 1、使用插件的方式 ##

**下载：File -> Settings -> Plugins -> Marketplace 搜索 “PMDPlugin” ，下载插件。**

**使用方法：在代码编辑框或Project 窗口的文件夹、包、文件右键，选择“Run PMD”->“Pre Defined”->“All”，对指定的文件夹、包、文件进行分析，分析结果在控制台输出。**

## 2、maven项目引入依赖的方式 ##

**pom.xml：**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.keafmd</groupId>
        <artifactId>pdm-test01</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        
    
        
        <reporting>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-pmd-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.14.0</version>
                    
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </reporting>
    
    </project>

**mvn 命令执行**

**在项目目录打开cmd窗口，输入以下命令：**

mvn pmd:pmd

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
**分析结果为`pmd.html`文件，在项目的target下的site目录下：**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

## 3、pmd 命令行的方式 ##

pmd -d 源代码路径 -f xml(结果输出格式)  -r 结果保存所在目录及名称  -R rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml

**例子：**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]  
**结果存放在制定文件目录下，格式也为命令语句指定的：**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

**检测结果内容：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

## 4、Java API的方式 \* ##

**[官方文档][Link 3]**

**需要先引入maven依赖**

### 项目结构 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

### 测试代码 ###

**Test01：**

package com.keafmd.test01;
    
    
    /** * Keafmd * * @ClassName: Test01 * @Description: 测试1 * @author: 牛哄哄的柯南 * @Date: 2021-03-15 15:29 * @Blog: https://keafmd.blog.csdn.net/ */
    public class Test01 { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            int a =100;
            int b=29;
            String s ="abc";
            System.out.println("hello!");
        }
    
    
    }

**Test02：**

package com.keafmd.test02;
    
    /** * Keafmd * * @ClassName: Test02 * @Description: * @author: 牛哄哄的柯南 * @Date: 2021-03-15 15:30 * @Blog: https://keafmd.blog.csdn.net/ */
    public class Test02 { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            boolean flag=true;
            while(flag){ 
                flag=false;
            }
            System.out.println("123");
            int a =100;
            int b=29;
            String s ="abc";
            System.out.println("hello!");
        }
    }

### pmdArgs方式 ###

**命令行接口的方式  
最简单的方法是使用与命令行相同的接口调用PMD**

**Example ：**

package com.keafmd;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.PMD;
    /** * Keafmd * * @ClassName: Example * @Description: * @author: 牛哄哄的柯南 * @Date: 2021-03-15 15:51 * @Blog: https://keafmd.blog.csdn.net/ */
    public class Example { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            String[] pmdArgs = { 
                    "-d", "D:/javaworkspace/pdm-test02/src",
                    "-R", "rulesets/java/quickstart.xml",
                    "-f", "xml",
                    "-r", "D:/pmdreport/pmd-report.xml"
            };
            PMD.main(pmdArgs);
        }
    }

### PMDConfiguration方式 ###

**PmdExample：**

package com.keafmd;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.PMD;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.PMDConfiguration;
    /** * Keafmd * * @ClassName: PmdExample * @Description: * @author: 牛哄哄的柯南 * @Date: 2021-03-15 15:57 * @Blog: https://keafmd.blog.csdn.net/ */
    
    public class PmdExample { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
    
    		/*String fileName ; // 重新生成文件名（根据具体情况生成对应文件名） fileName = UUID.randomUUID()+"_"+"pmd-report.html"; PMDConfiguration configuration = new PMDConfiguration(); configuration.setInputPaths("D:/file"); configuration.setRuleSets("rulesets/java/quickstart.xml"); configuration.setReportFormat("html"); configuration.setReportFile("D:/pmdreport/"+fileName); PMD.doPMD(configuration);*/
            
            PMDConfiguration configuration = new PMDConfiguration();
            configuration.setInputPaths("D:/javaworkspace/pdm-test/src");
            configuration.setRuleSets("rulesets/java/quickstart.xml");
            configuration.setReportFormat("html");
            configuration.setReportFile("D:/pmdreport/pmd-report.html");
    
            PMD.doPMD(configuration);
        }
    }

### Programmatically（拓展） ###

**这使您能够更好地控制处理哪些文件，但也会更加复杂。您还可以提供自己的侦听器和呈现器。**

**1. 首先，我们创建一个`PMDConfiguration`。目前，这是指定规则集的唯一方法：**

PMDConfiguration configuration = new PMDConfiguration();
    configuration.setMinimumPriority(RulePriority.MEDIUM);
    configuration.setRuleSets("rulesets/java/quickstart.xml");

**2. 为了支持类型解析，PMD还需要访问已编译的类和依赖项。这被称为“生长素路径”，并且在这里也进行了配置。注意：您可以指定由`:`关于Unix系统或`;`在Windows下。**

configuration.prependClasspath("/home/workspace/target/classes:/home/.m2/repository/my/dependency.jar");

**3. 那我们需要一个规则工厂。这是使用配置创建的，同时考虑到最低优先级：**

RuleSetFactory ruleSetFactory = RulesetsFactoryUtils.createFactory(configuration);

**4. PMD操作于`DataSource`。您可以收集自己的列表`FileDataSource`.**

List<DataSource> files = Arrays.asList(new FileDataSource(new File("/path/to/src/MyClass.java")));

**5. 对于报告，您可以使用内置渲染器。`XMLRenderer`。注意，必须通过设置适当的`Writer`打电话`start()`。在pmd运行之后，您需要调用`end()`和`flush()`。那么你的作者应该收到所有的输出。**

StringWriter rendererOutput = new StringWriter();
    Renderer xmlRenderer = new XMLRenderer("UTF-8");
    xmlRenderer.setWriter(rendererOutput);
    xmlRenderer.start();

**6. 创建一个`RuleContext`。这是上下文实例，在规则实现中是可用的。注意：当在多线程模式下运行时(这是默认的)，规则上下文实例将被克隆到每个线程。**

RuleContext ctx = new RuleContext();

**7. 可以选择注册报表侦听器。这样你就可以对发现的违规行为立即做出反应。您也可以使用这样的侦听器来实现您自己的呈现器。侦听器必须实现接口。`ThreadSafeReportListener`并且可以通过`ctx.getReport().addListener(...)`.**

ctx.getReport().addListener(new ThreadSafeReportListener() { 
        public void ruleViolationAdded(RuleViolation ruleViolation) { 
        }
        public void metricAdded(Metric metric) { 
        }

**8. 现在，所有的准备工作都完成了，PMD可以执行了。这是通过调用`PMD.processFiles(...)`。此方法调用接受配置、规则集工厂、要处理的文件、规则上下文和呈现器列表。如果不想使用任何渲染器，请提供一个空列表。注意：需要显式关闭辅助路径。否则，类或JAR文件可能会保持打开状态，并且文件资源会泄漏。**

try { 
        PMD.processFiles(configuration, ruleSetFactory, files, ctx,
                Collections.singletonList(renderer));
    } finally { 
        ClassLoader auxiliaryClassLoader = configuration.getClassLoader();
        if (auxiliaryClassLoader instanceof ClasspathClassLoader) { 
            ((ClasspathClassLoader) auxiliaryClassLoader).close();
        }
    }

**9. 呼叫后，您需要完成渲染器`end()`和`flush()`。然后，您可以检查呈现的输出。**

renderer.end();
    renderer.flush();
    System.out.println("Rendered Report:");
    System.out.println(rendererOutput.toString());

**下面是一个完整的例子：**

import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.StringWriter;
    import java.io.Writer;
    import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
    import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;
    import java.nio.file.Files;
    import java.nio.file.Path;
    import java.nio.file.PathMatcher;
    import java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor;
    import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.PMD;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.PMDConfiguration;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.RuleContext;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.RulePriority;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.RuleSetFactory;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.RuleViolation;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.RulesetsFactoryUtils;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.ThreadSafeReportListener;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.renderers.Renderer;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.renderers.XMLRenderer;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.stat.Metric;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.ClasspathClassLoader;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.datasource.DataSource;
    import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.datasource.FileDataSource;
    
    public class PmdExample2 { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { 
            PMDConfiguration configuration = new PMDConfiguration();
            configuration.setMinimumPriority(RulePriority.MEDIUM);
            configuration.setRuleSets("rulesets/java/quickstart.xml");
            configuration.prependClasspath("/home/workspace/target/classes");
            RuleSetFactory ruleSetFactory = RulesetsFactoryUtils.createFactory(configuration);
    
            List<DataSource> files = determineFiles("/home/workspace/src/main/java/code");
    
            Writer rendererOutput = new StringWriter();
            Renderer renderer = createRenderer(rendererOutput);
            renderer.start();
    
            RuleContext ctx = new RuleContext();
    
            ctx.getReport().addListener(createReportListener()); // alternative way to collect violations
    
            try { 
                PMD.processFiles(configuration, ruleSetFactory, files, ctx,
                    Collections.singletonList(renderer));
            } finally { 
                ClassLoader auxiliaryClassLoader = configuration.getClassLoader();
                if (auxiliaryClassLoader instanceof ClasspathClassLoader) { 
                    ((ClasspathClassLoader) auxiliaryClassLoader).close();
                }
            }
    
            renderer.end();
            renderer.flush();
            System.out.println("Rendered Report:");
            System.out.println(rendererOutput.toString());
        }
    
        private static ThreadSafeReportListener createReportListener() { 
            return new ThreadSafeReportListener() { 
                @Override
                public void ruleViolationAdded(RuleViolation ruleViolation) { 
                    System.out.printf("%-20s:%d %s%n", ruleViolation.getFilename(),
                            ruleViolation.getBeginLine(), ruleViolation.getDescription());
                }
    
                @Override
                public void metricAdded(Metric metric) { 
                    // ignored
                }
            };
        }
    
        private static Renderer createRenderer(Writer writer) { 
            XMLRenderer xml = new XMLRenderer("UTF-8");
            xml.setWriter(writer);
            return xml;
        }
    
        private static List<DataSource> determineFiles(String basePath) throws IOException { 
            Path dirPath = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(basePath);
            PathMatcher matcher = FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher("glob:*.java");
    
            List<DataSource> files = new ArrayList<>();
    
            Files.walkFileTree(dirPath, new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() { 
                @Override
                public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path path, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException { 
                    if (matcher.matches(path.getFileName())) { 
                        System.out.printf("Using %s%n", path);
                        files.add(new FileDataSource(path.toFile()));
                    } else { 
                        System.out.printf("Ignoring %s%n", path);
                    }
                    return super.visitFile(path, attrs);
                }
            });
            System.out.printf("Analyzing %d files in %s%n", files.size(), basePath);
            return files;
        }
    }

### 分析结果 ###

**分析结果会根据指定格式输出在指定文件目录下。**

# 图形界面 #

## 检测 ##

**D:\\MyFile\\Tool\\pmd-bin-6.32.0\\bin 目录下打开cmd窗口输入：**

cpdgui.bat

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

## 自定义规则 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]  
**D:\\MyFile\\Tool\\pmd-bin-6.32.0\\bin 目录下打开cmd窗口输入：**

designer.bat

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzg4MzkxNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]

> **自定义规则：****不能有变量为keafmd的String类型的变量**

**String keafmd； //这样就是不合法的。**

**Source：**

public class KeepingItSerious { 
    
        Delegator keafmd; // FieldDeclaration
    
        public void method() { 
            String keafmd; // LocalVariableDeclaration
        }
    
    }

**导出的自定义规则：**

<rule name="myrule" language="java" message="不能有变量为keafmd的String类型的变量" class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.XPathRule">
       <description>
    	自定义规则
       </description>
       <priority>3</priority>
       <properties>
          <property name="version" value="2.0"/>
          <property name="xpath">
             <value>
    <![CDATA[ //VariableDeclaratorId[@Image = "keafmd" and ../../Type[@TypeImage = "String"]] ]]>
             </value>
          </property>
       </properties>
    </rule>

> **以上就是PMD【 Java 代码检查工具】入门使用教程（超详细）的全部内容。**

**看完如果对你有帮助，感谢点赞支持！  
如果你是电脑端的话，看到右下角的 “一键三连” 了吗，没错点它\[哈哈\]**  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210115230629703.gif_pic_center]

**加油！**

**共同努力！**

**Keafmd**

[Link 1]: https://pmd.github.io/
[Link 2]: https://pmd.github.io/latest/
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[Link 3]: https://pmd.github.io/pmd-6.32.0/pmd_userdocs_tools_java_api.html
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