C/C++编程：ZeroMQ安装以及使用（windows+centos）

落日映苍穹つ 2022-11-06 14:00 2299阅读 0赞

>  *  ZeroMQ（也称为ØMQ，0MQ或ZMQ）是一种高性能的异步消息传递库，旨在用于分布式或者并发应用程序中。它提供了一个消息队列，但是与面向消息的中间件不同，ZeroMQ系统可以在没有专用消息代理的情况下运行。
>  *  ZMQ通过各种传输(TCP、进程内、进程间、多播、WebSocket等)支持通用消息传递模式(发布/订阅、请求/回复、客户端/服务器等)，从而使消息传递变得简单。
>  *  ZeroMQ由大型贡献者社区开发。有许多流行编程语言的第三方绑定以及C＃和Java的本机端口。
>  *  ZeroMQ的理念从零开始。零表示零代理（ZeroMQ是无代理），零延迟，零成本（免费）和零管理。
>  *  更广泛地说，“零”是指渗透到项目中的极简主义文化。我们通过消除复杂性而不是通过公开新功能来增加功能。

### 文章目录 ###

*  C
 *   *  windows + vs2019 + cmake + czmq
     *   *  安装
         *  编写cmake
         *  例子
     *  centos + clion + cmake + libzmq
     *   *  安装
         *  cmake编写
     *  windows + vs2019 + cmake + libzmq
     *   *  安装
         *  编写cmake
         *  测试程序
     *  windows + qt+ qmake + libzmq
     *   *  安装
         *  编写qmake
         *  测试程序
 *  C++
 *   *  windows + vs2019 + cmake + cppzmq
     *   *  安装
         *  编写cmake
         *  例子
     *  centos+ clion+ cmake + cppzmq

# C #

*  C开发人员可以使用两个选项CZMQ或libzmq（低级zeromq库）。
 *  对于C开发人员，推荐的绑定是CZMQ，它为ØMQ提供了一个高级API，并带有诸如轮询器，线程管理和安全性助手之类的其他类。

## windows + vs2019 + cmake + czmq ##

*  Github： [https://github.com/zeromq/czmq][https_github.com_zeromq_czmq]
 *  文件： [http://czmq.zeromq.org/][http_czmq.zeromq.org]

### 安装 ###

vcpkg  install czmq:x64-windows

### 编写cmake ###

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.8)
    
    
    add_executable (zmp_server "zmp_server.cpp" "zmp_server.h")
    
    
    
    include_directories("C:/Users/oceanstar/vcpkg/win/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include")
    link_directories("C:/Users/oceanstar/vcpkg/win/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib")
    
    find_package(czmq CONFIG REQUIRED)
    target_link_libraries(${
        PROJECT_NAME}  PRIVATE czmq czmq-static)

### 例子 ###

#include <czmq.h>
    int main(void)
    {
        
        zsock_t* push = zsock_new_push("inproc://example");
        zsock_t* pull = zsock_new_pull("inproc://example");
        zstr_send(push, "Hello, World");
    
        char* string = zstr_recv(pull);
        puts(string);
        zstr_free(&string);
    
        zsock_destroy(&pull);
        zsock_destroy(&push);
        return 0;
    }

效果： 出现错误Assertion failed: Successful WSASTARTUP not yet performed (…\\src\\signaler.cpp:192)  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210310111611345.png]

解决：

#include <czmq.h>
    int main(void)
    {
        
        zsock_t* push = zsock_new_push("inproc://example");
        zsock_t* pull = zsock_new_pull("inproc://example");
        zstr_send(push, "Hello, World");
    
        char* string = zstr_recv(pull);
        puts(string);
        zstr_free(&string);
    
        zsys_shutdown();
        zsock_destroy(&pull);
        zsock_destroy(&push);
        return 0;
    }

效果：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210310111745366.png]

## centos + clion + cmake + libzmq ##

### 安装 ###

1、[https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq/][https_github.com_zeromq_libzmq]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

2、下载并安装

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/network:messaging:zeromq:release-stable/CentOS_7/network:messaging:zeromq:release-stable.repo
    yum install zeromq-devel

### cmake编写 ###

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
    project(libcuul_study)
    
    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
    
    include_directories(/usr/local/include)
    link_directories(/usr/local/lib)
    add_executable(${
        PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)
    target_link_libraries(${
        PROJECT_NAME} zmq)

## windows + vs2019 + cmake + libzmq ##

### 安装 ###

vcpkg install zeromq:x64-windows

### 编写cmake ###

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.8)
    
    
    add_executable (zmp_server "zmp_server.cpp" "zmp_server.h")
    
    
    include_directories("C:/Users/oceanstar/vcpkg/win/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include")
    link_directories("C:/Users/oceanstar/vcpkg/win/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib")
    
    
    
    find_package(ZeroMQ CONFIG REQUIRED)
    target_link_libraries(${
        PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE libzmq libzmq-static)

### 测试程序 ###

1、服务端

#include <zmq.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <assert.h>
    #ifndef _WIN32
    #include <unistd.h>
    #else
    #include <windows.h>
    #endif
    
    
    void MySleep(const unsigned int milliseconds)
    {
        
    #ifdef _WIN32
        ::Sleep(milliseconds);
    #else
        usleep(milliseconds * 1000);
    #endif
    }
    
    int main(void)
    {
        
        //  Socket to talk to clients
        void* context = zmq_ctx_new();
        void* responder = zmq_socket(context, ZMQ_REP);
        int rc = zmq_bind(responder, "tcp://*:5555");
        assert(rc == 0);
    
        while (1) {
        
            char buffer[10];
            zmq_recv(responder, buffer, 10, 0);
            printf("Received Hello\n");
            MySleep(1);          //  Do some 'work'
            zmq_send(responder, "World", 5, 0);
        }
        return 0;
    }

2、客户端

#include <zmq.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #ifndef _WIN32
    #include <unistd.h>
    #else
    #include <windows.h>
    #endif
    int main (void)
    {
        
        printf ("Connecting to hello world server…\n");
        void *context = zmq_ctx_new ();
        void *requester = zmq_socket (context, ZMQ_REQ);
        zmq_connect (requester, "tcp://localhost:5555");
    
        int request_nbr;
        for (request_nbr = 0; request_nbr != 10; request_nbr++) {
        
            char buffer [10];
            printf ("Sending Hello %d…\n", request_nbr);
            zmq_send (requester, "Hello", 5, 0);
            zmq_recv (requester, buffer, 10, 0);
            printf ("Received World %d\n", request_nbr);
        }
        zmq_close (requester);
        zmq_ctx_destroy (context);
        return 0;
    }

效果：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## windows + qt+ qmake + libzmq ##

### 安装 ###

vcpkg install zeromq:x64-windows

### 编写qmake ###

INCLUDEPATH += C:\Users\oceanstar\vcpkg\win\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include
    LIBS    += C:\Users\oceanstar\vcpkg\win\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\lib\libzmq-mt-4_3_3.lib

并将**C:\\Users\\oceanstar\\vcpkg\\win\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\bin**的libzmq-mt-4\_3\_3.dll放到二进制文件所在目录下  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

### 测试程序 ###

#include <QCoreApplication>
    #include <zmq.h>
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        
        QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
        int major, minor, patch;
        zmq_version(&major, &minor, &patch);
        printf("Current ZeroMQ version is %d.%d.%d\n", major, minor, patch);
        return a.exec();
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][20210311134436626.png]

# C++ #

*  C开发人员可以使用四个选项：cppzmq、zmqpp、azmq、czmqpp
    
     *  cppzmq是libzmq的C ++绑定
     *  zmqpp是libzmq的高级绑定。
     *  czmqpp是基于高级czmq API的绑定。
     *  fbzmq是与Apache Thrift集成的绑定，此外还提供更高级别的抽象。它需要C ++ 14。

## windows + vs2019 + cmake + cppzmq ##

*  Github：[https://github.com/zeromq/cppzmq][https_github.com_zeromq_cppzmq]

### 安装 ###

vcpkg install cppzmq:x64-windows

### 编写cmake ###

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.8)
    
    add_executable (zmp_server "zmp_server.cpp" "zmp_server.h")
    
    include_directories("C:/Users/oceanstar/vcpkg/win/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include")
    link_directories("C:/Users/oceanstar/vcpkg/win/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib")
    
    find_package(cppzmq CONFIG REQUIRED)
    target_link_libraries(${
        PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE cppzmq cppzmq-static)

### 例子 ###

#include <string>
    #include <zmq.hpp>
    int main()
    {
        
       zmq::context_t ctx;
       zmq::socket_t sock(ctx, zmq::socket_type::push);
       sock.bind("inproc://test");
       const std::string_view m = "Hello, world";
       sock.send(zmq::buffer(m), zmq::send_flags::dontwait);
    }

## centos+ clion+ cmake + cppzmq ##

`centos + clion + cmake + libzmq`这个目录处下载的默认只有<zmq.h>头文件，这个文件是ZeroMQ开发的C语言版本。如果想要使用C++开发版本的<zmq.hpp>头文件，那么需要自己下载zmq.hpp文件，然后复制到我们ZeroMQ安装路径的include目录下就可以了

wget https://github.com/zeromq/cppzmq/archive/master.zip
    
    unzip master.zip
    
    
    cd cppzmq-master
    
    sudo cp ./zmq.hpp /usr/local/include

问题：执行`./ci_build.sh`

CMake Error at tests/CMakeLists.txt:51 (catch_discover_tests):
      Unknown CMake command "catch_discover_tests".

解决： `yum install catch-devel`无法解决  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210310172451583.png]

参考：

*  [消息库zeromq的源码编译及其简单使用][zeromq]
 *  [消息队列-ZeroMQ的安装以及使用][-ZeroMQ]
 *  [官网][Link 1]
 *  [ZeroMQ:02—Linux下ZeroMQ的编译安装与运行（Ubuntu为例）][ZeroMQ_02_Linux_ZeroMQ_Ubuntu]

[https_github.com_zeromq_czmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/czmq
[http_czmq.zeromq.org]: http://czmq.zeromq.org/
[20210310111611345.png]: /images/20221023/2569a2b359304472ab654b24688383c1.png
[20210310111745366.png]: /images/20221023/c725043cf61645a28652130fba2e09bb.png
[https_github.com_zeromq_libzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221023/d4fcf6e81ba745c19d89bf902431128d.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221023/10dfe96de92143069b709c9b123c09fb.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221023/fb085411b5f24327b17ce2f83f86d215.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poaXpoZW5nZ3Vhbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20221023/a473ac9c86f64f8aa4a1e5d1f6125eb8.png
[20210311134436626.png]: /images/20221023/75c639ade95443b4ac426eef5d167f6f.png
[https_github.com_zeromq_cppzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/cppzmq
[20210310172451583.png]: /images/20221023/6f692bc8952f47708e2cf2fc314155f0.png
[zeromq]: https://blog.csdn.net/l1216766050/article/details/105623394
[-ZeroMQ]: https://blog.csdn.net/zmyer/article/details/18315547
[Link 1]: https://zeromq.org/languages/cplusplus/
[ZeroMQ_02_Linux_ZeroMQ_Ubuntu]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41453285/article/details/105989698