centos7-virtualBox 命令行操作虚拟机

蔚落 2022-11-05 07:29 345阅读 0赞

> 原文地址 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_40325516/article/details/109750019

# 1. 创建一个虚拟机 #

## 1. 宿主机上创建 vbox 的虚拟机目录、硬盘目录、iso 目录 ##

mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer1
    mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/disk
    mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/images

## 2. 创建虚拟机 ##

VBoxManage createvm --name centos7VMServer1 --ostype Linux_64 --register --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer1

![20201117191547428.png_pic_center][]

## 在/data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer1/centos7VMServer1下生成

![20201117191623330.png_pic_center][]

## 3. 创建虚拟磁盘（20G ##

VBoxManage createvdi --filename /data/VirtualBox/disk/centos7VMServer1.vdi --size 20000

![20201117191654197.png_pic_center][]

##在/data/VirtualBox/disk/ 下生成

![20201117191714914.png_pic_center][]

## 4. 创建虚拟机的硬盘控制器 ##

VBoxManage storagectl centos7VMServer1 --name centos7VMServer_controller_1 --add ide

## 5. 挂载虚拟硬盘和虚拟光驱 ##

VBoxManage storageattach centos7VMServer1 --storagectl centos7VMServer_controller_1 --type hdd --port 0 --device 0 --medium /data/VirtualBox/disk/centos7VMServer1.vdi
    
    VBoxManage storageattach centos7VMServer1 --storagectl centos7VMServer_controller_1 --type dvddrive --port 1 --device 0 --medium /data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso

## 6. 设置启动顺序 ##

VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --boot1 dvd
    VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --boot2 disk

## 7. 查看自己的网卡，并创建桥接网络 ##

VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --nic1 bridged --cableconnected1 on --nictype1 82540EM --bridgeadapter1 em1 --intnet1 brigh1 --macaddress1 auto

## 8.VRDE 模块用于启动 RDP 协议，使用微软的 3389 客户端即可连接。最后操作系统安装、设置完成后 ##

VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --vrde on

##  当我们安装完成操作系统时，可以关闭此屏幕输出
    ## VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --vrde off

## 9. 调整系统参数 CPU、内存等参数 ##

VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --memory 4096
    
    VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --cpus 2

## 10. 启动虚拟机 ##

VBoxHeadless -startvm centos7VMServer1

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDMyNTUxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center][]

# 2. centos7 系统安装 #

## 1. 安装 rdesktop ##

## 打开 Terminal

yum install libX11-devel
    wget https://github.com/rdesktop/rdesktop/releases/download/v1.8.3/rdesktop-1.8.3.tar.gz
    tar -xvf rdesktop-1.8.3.tar.gz
    cd rdesktop-1.8.3
    ./configure  --disable-credssp --disable-smartcard
    make && make install

## 2. 连接虚拟机 图型显示 安装系统 ##

rdesktop 192.168.31.16:3389

ip 地址为上面所述 启动3389端口机器IP

# 3. 后台启动 #

VBoxManage startvm centos7VMServer1 -type headless

# 4. 克隆镜像 #

## 关闭要克隆的虚拟机

VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff

## 执行克隆命令

mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer2

VBoxManage clonevm centos7VMServer1 --name centos7VMServer2 --register --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer2

![20201117191829591.png_pic_center][]

## 查看vms列表 可以查看成功

VBoxManage list vms

![20201117191852115.png_pic_center][]

## 然后 打开远程连接

VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer2 --vrde on

## 然后 进入虚拟机修改 ip地址 重启网卡

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

service network restart

# 5. VBoxManage 命令 #

说明
    ## ${name}  虚拟机名称

## 1. 开启虚拟机 ##

## -type headless 后台启动

VBoxManage startvm ${name}  --type headless

## 2. 关闭虚拟机 ##

## 正常关机

VBoxManage controlvm ${name} acpopowerbutton

## 强制关机

VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff

## 暂停

VBoxManage controlvm ${name} pause

## 暂停回复

VBoxManage controlvm ${name} resume

## 休眠

VBoxManage controlvm ${name} acpisleepbutton

## 3. 列出运行中虚拟机 ##

VBoxManage list runningvms

## 4. 列出所有虚拟机 ##

VBoxManage list vms

## 5. 查看指定虚拟机信息 ##

## ${name}  此处要填写指定虚拟机的名称

VBoxManage showvminfo ${name}

## 6. 快照 ##

## 指定虚拟机拍快照

VBoxManage snapshot ${name} take ${newname} --description 描述内容

## 回复最近的快照

VBoxManage snapshot ${name} restore ${newname}

## 7. 虚拟机重命名 ##

VBoxManage modifyvm ${name} --name ${newname}

## 8. 删除虚拟机 ##

VBoxManage unregistervm ${name} --delete

# 附加脚本 对虚拟机集群管理 #

#!/bin/bash
    ################################################################################
    #
    # 通过命令完成VirtualBox操作
    #包括:创建 删除 启动 停止 重启 快照 列表查询等
    # certor:xinfei
    ###############################################################################
    
    ## 虚拟机名称
    
    ## 被拷贝虚拟机的虚拟机名称
    vmC
    ## 虚拟机类型
    osType="Linux_64"
    ## 虚拟机存放路径
    baseFolder="/data/VirtualBox/"
    ## 虚拟机磁盘路径
    file
    ## 虚拟机磁盘大小 单位M 默认20G
    size=2000
    ## 需要安装镜像名称
    medium="/data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso"
    ## 网络模式 默认桥接
    nic="bridged"
    ## 宿主机的网卡名称
    bridgeadapter="em1"
    ## 虚拟机内存大小
    memory=4096
    ##虚拟机cpu个数
    cpus=2
    ## 快照名称 
    snapshot
    ## 快照描述
    description=""
    
    ###################################
    ##################################
    
    printHelp() {
     echo "使用 VirtualBox-Construct.sh 格式"
     echo "options 必填  flages默认都可以不需要指定 除非修改某一项需要指向"
     echo "  "
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh [options] [flages] [content] [flages] ...."
     echo "    "
     echo "options:"
     echo "  create :创建新的虚拟机啊 "
     echo "     [flages]:"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo "       --ostype <Linux_64|Ubunt_64|Windows10|RedHat_64...>  :虚拟机类型 默认Linux_64"
     echo "       --basefolder <content>                               :虚拟机存放路径 默认/data/VirtualBox/${name}"
     echo "       --filename <content>                                 :虚拟机磁盘存放位置 默认/data/VirtualBox/disk/"
     echo "       --size <content>                                     :虚拟机磁盘大小 单位M  默认 20G"
     echo "       --medium <content>                                   :虚拟机镜像路径以及镜像名称 /*iso 默认/data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso"
     echo "       --nic<1-N> <nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly...>          :虚拟机网络设置  默认bridged 桥接模式"
     echo "       --bridgeadapter<1-N> <content>                       :虚拟机使用主机的哪一个接口 默认em1"
     echo "       --memory <content>                                   :虚拟机内存大小 单位M 默认4G"
     echo "       --cpus <content>                                     :虚拟机cpu个数  默认2个"
     echo "        "
     echo "  clone :克隆虚拟机"
     echo "     [flages]:"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo "       --cname <content>                                    :被克隆虚拟机名称 默认centos7VMServer0"
     echo "       --basefolder <content>                               :虚拟机存放路径 默认/data/VirtualBox/${name}"
     echo "       --size <content>                                     :虚拟机磁盘大小 单位M  默认 20G"
     echo "       --memory <content>                                   :虚拟机内存大小 单位M 默认4G"
     echo "       --cpus <content>                                     :虚拟机cpu个数  默认2个"
     echo " "
     echo "  delete :删除虚拟机"
     echo "     [flages]:"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "  start :启动虚拟机"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "  stop :停止虚拟机"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "  restart :重启虚拟机"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "  snapshot :快照"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo "       --snapshotname <content>                             :快照名称名称 "
     echo "       --description <content>                              :快照描述 默认 \${name}快照 "
     echo " "
     echo "  snapshotrestore :快照回复"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo "       --snapshotname <content>                             :快照名称名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "  snapshotdelete :删除指定快照"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo "       --snapshotname <content>                             :快照名称名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "  vmlist :列出所有已经创建虚拟机"
     echo " "
     echo "  runlist :列出正在运行的虚拟机"
     echo " "
     echo "  snapshotlist"
     echo "     [flages:]"
     echo "       --name <content>                                     :虚拟机名称 "
     echo " "
     echo "示例:"
     echo "创建"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh create --name centos7VMServer0 --ostype Linux_64 --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer0 --filename /data/VirtualBox/disk --size 20000 --medium /data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso --nic1 bridged --bridgeadapter1 em1 --memory 4096 --cpus 2"
     echo "  "
     echo "克隆"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh clone --cname centos7VMServer0 --name centos7VMServer2 --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer2 --size 20000 --memory 4096 --cpus 2 " 
     echo " "
     echo "删除"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh delete --name centos7VMServer1"
     echo " "
     echo "启动"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh start --name centos7VMServer1"
     echo " "
     echo "停止"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh stop --name centos7VMServer1"
     echo " "
     echo "重启"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh restart --name centos7VMServer1"
     echo " "
     echo "快照"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshot --name centos7VMServer1 --snapshotname centos7VMServer1快照 --description centos7VMServer1快照-2020-11-12"
     echo " "
     echo "回复快照"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshotrestore --name centos7VMServer1 --snapshotname centos7VMServer1快照" 
     echo " "
     echo "快照删除"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshotdelete --name centos7VMServer1 --snapshotname centos7VMServer1快照"
     echo " "
     echo "列出已经创建虚拟机"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh vmlist"
     echo " "
     echo "列出正在运行虚拟机"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh runlist"
     echo " "
     echo "列出指定虚拟机快照"
     echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshotlist --name centos7VMServer1"
    }
    
    checkFlags(){
     params=$1
     num=$2
     nameTime=0
     cnameTime=0
     floderTime=0
     snapshotTime=0
     for((i=1;i<=$num;i++))
       do
         case ${params[$i]} in
           --name)
             nameTime=$(expr $nameTime + 1)
             name=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --cname)
             cnameTime=$(expr $cnameTime + 1)
             vmCName=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --snapshotname)
             snapshotTime=$(expr $snapshotTime + 1)
             snapshotName=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --ostype)
             osType=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --basefolder)
             baseFolder=${params[$i+1]}
             floderTime=$(expr $floderTime + 1)
           ;;
          --filename)
             fileName=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --size)
             size=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --medium)
             medium=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --nic*)
             nic=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --bridgeadapter*)
             bridgeadapter=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --memory)
             memory=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --cpus)
            cpus=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          --description)
            description=${params[$i+1]}
           ;;
          *)
           ;;
         esac
      done
    
     if [ $nameTime -eq 0 ] || [ $nameTime -ge 2 ];then
        echo "缺少--name 参数"
        exit 1
     fi
     if [ $floderTime -eq 0 ];then
        baseFolder="$baseFolder/$name"
     fi
     if [ ${params[0]} == "clone" ];then
        if [ $cnameTime -eq 0 ] || [ $cnameTime -ge 2 ];then
        echo "缺少--cname 参数"
        exit 1
        fi
     fi
     if [ ${params[0]} == "snapshot" ];then
       if [ $snapshotTime -eq 0 ] || [ $snapshotTime -ge 2 ] ;then
        echo "缺少--snapshotTime 参数"
        exit 1
       fi
     fi
    }
    
    createVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     ## 检测虚拟机是否存在
     runVM=`vboxmanage list vms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
     echo "runVM:$runVM"
     if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
      echo "虚拟机已经创建了"
      exit 0
     fi
     ## 检测存放虚拟机目录是否存在
     if [ ! -d "$baseFolder" ];then
       mkdir -p $baseFolder
     fi
     echo "1\. 创建虚拟机"
     VBoxManage createvm --name $name --ostype $osType --register --basefolder $baseFolder
     echo "2\. 创建虚拟磁盘"
     echo "VBoxManage createvdi --filename ${fileName}/${name}.vdi --size $size"
     VBoxManage createvdi --filename ${fileName}/${name}.vdi --size $size
    
     echo "3\. 创建虚拟机的硬盘控制器"
     VBoxManage storagectl $name --name ${name}_controller_1 --add ide
     echo "4\. 挂载虚拟硬盘和虚拟光驱"
     VBoxManage storageattach $name --storagectl ${name}_controller_1 --type hdd --port 0 --device 0 --medium $fileName/${name}.vdi
     VBoxManage storageattach $name --storagectl ${name}_controller_1 --type dvddrive --port 1 --device 0 --medium $medium
     echo "5\. 设置启动顺序"
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --boot1 dvd
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --boot2 disk
     echo "6\. 查看自己的网卡，并创建桥接网络"
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --nic1 $nic --cableconnected1 on --nictype1 82540EM --bridgeadapter1 $bridgeadapter --intnet1 brigh1 --macaddress1 auto
     echo "7\. VRDE模块"
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --vrde on
     echo "8\. 调整系统参数CPU、内存等参数"
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --memory $memory
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --cpus $cpus
     echo "9\. 启动虚拟机"
     VBoxHeadless -startvm $name 
    }
    
    cloneVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     ## 检测存放虚拟机目录是否存在
     if [ ! -d "$baseFolder" ];then
       mkdir -p $baseFolder
     fi
     ## 1\. 检测要拷贝的虚拟机是否以及关闭
     runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $vmCName | awk '{print \$1}'`
     if [ "$runVM" == \"$vmCName\" ];then
      echo "被需要拷贝的虚拟机正在启动中 是否需要关闭 [y/n]"
      read onoff
       if [ "$onoff" == y ];then 
         VBoxManage controlvm ${vmCName} poweroff
      else
        exit 0
      fi
     fi
     ## 2\. 拷贝
     VBoxManage clonevm $vmCName --name $name --register --basefolder $baseFolder
     ## 3\. 查看列表
     VBoxManage list vms
     ## 4\. 设置远程连接
     VBoxManage modifyvm $name --vrde on --memory $memory --cpus $cpus
     ## 5\. 启动
     VBoxManage startvm $name -type headless
    }
    
    deleteVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     ## 1\. 检测要删除的虚拟机是否以及关闭
     runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
     if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
      echo "被需要删除的虚拟机正在启动中 是否确定关闭 [y/n]"
      read onoff
       if [ "$onoff" == y ];then
         VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff    
      else
        exit 0
      fi
     fi
     VBoxManage unregistervm ${name} --delete
     rm -rf /data/VirtualBox/${name}
    }
    
    startVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     ## 1\. 检测要拷贝的虚拟机是否以及关闭
     runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
     if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
       echo "虚拟机已经启动了"
       exit 0
     fi
     VBoxManage startvm ${name}  --type headless
    }
    
    stopVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
    }
    
    restartVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
     VBoxManage startvm ${name}  --type headless
    }
    
    snapshotVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     if [ ${#description} -eq 0 ];then
      description="${snapshotName}快照"
     fi
     VBoxManage snapshot ${name} take ${snapshotName} --description $description
    }
    
    snapshotrestoreVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     ## 检测回复快照是否启动中
     runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
     if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
      echo "回复快照的虚拟机正在启动中 是否确定关闭 [y/n]"
      read onoff
       if [ "$onoff" == y ];then
         VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
      else
        exit 0
      fi
     fi
     VBoxManage snapshot ${name} restore ${snapshotName}
    }
    
    snapshotdeleteVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     vboxmanage snapshot ${name} delete ${snapshotName}
    }
    
    snapshotlistVM() {
     params=($1)
     num=$2
     checkFlags $params $num
     vboxmanage snapshot ${name}  list 
    }
    
    option=$1
    args=$@
    
    case $option in
      create)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              createVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
        ;;
      clone)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              cloneVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
      delete)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              deleteVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
      start)
       checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              startVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
      stop)
       checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              stopVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
      restart)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              restartVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
      snapshot)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              snapshotVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
       snapshotrestore)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              snapshotrestoreVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
       snapshotdelete)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              snapshotdeleteVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
       vmlist)
        vboxmanage list vms
       ;;
       runlist)
        vboxmanage list runningvms
       ;;
       snapshotlist)
        checkParamsNum=$#
        if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
              snapshotlistVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
        else
           echo "params error"
           exit 1
        fi
       ;;
      *)
       printHelp
      ;;
    esac
    
    exit 0

[20201117191547428.png_pic_center]: /images/20221023/7faededeb3904361bf66107f4c67cf2e.png
[20201117191623330.png_pic_center]: /images/20221023/eee44f5ce17b44f38c74873c214c6ea5.png
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[20201117191714914.png_pic_center]: /images/20221023/10df88fd6eb14cfcb944d59eaec3cba4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDMyNTUxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221023/e8e6ad68f8e34199bb7360dd2dd75d31.png
[20201117191829591.png_pic_center]: /images/20221023/685e6373422941e3b829141e6cda4841.png
[20201117191852115.png_pic_center]: /images/20221023/f3f60f3ad0ca48d9b01b3a50ef58eb49.png