Linux在线安装部署postgresql12+postgis3.1

叁歲伎倆 2022-11-01 05:45 3阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、在线安装pgsql12

1、进入官网

2、选择系统版本

3、选择合适版本

4、安装启动服务

6、查看pgsql服务

二、配置pgsql12

1、修改账户密码

2、运行远程连接

3、重启postgresql

三、添加postgis依赖

1、安装postgis依赖

2、pgsql添加postgis拓展

3、使用空间函数

4、查看安装版本

--------------------

## 一、在线安装pgsql12 ##

### 1、进入官网 ###

postgresql官网：[PostgreSQL: The world's most advanced open source database][PostgreSQL_ The world_s most advanced open source database]

postgresql中文社区：[文档目录/Document Index: 世界上功能最强大的开源数据库...][Document Index_ _...]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 2、选择系统版本 ###

选择之后等待网页自动跳转

### ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][] ###

### 3、选择合适版本 ###

网页下拉找到 PostgreSQL Yum Repository ，选择安装的版本，之后复制安装命令并执行

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
    sudo yum install -y postgresql12-server
    sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
    sudo systemctl enable postgresql-12
    sudo systemctl start postgresql-12

### 4、安装启动服务 ###

继续往下拉，找到 Post-installation ，执行启动服务命令

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

postgresql-setup --initdb
      systemctl enable postgresql.service
      systemctl start postgresql.service

### 6、查看pgsql服务 ###

ps -ef | grep postgres

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## 二、配置pgsql12 ##

### 1、修改账户密码 ###

切换系统角色

su postgres

命令行登录pgsql

psql

重新设置密码

\password postgres

查看密码（已经过MD5加密）

SELECT rolname,rolpassword FROM pg_authid;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

在线安装默认路径

/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
    /usr/bin/postgresql-12-setup
    /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup

### 2、运行远程连接 ###

修改pg\_hba.conf配置文件，添加允许其他机器访问

su postgres
    cp /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf.initial
    vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf

添加以下代码

host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               password

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

修改 postgresql.conf，将监听修改为监听所有主机的请求

cp /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf.initial
    vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf

搜索配置位置 :/listen，添加以下代码

listen_addresses = '*'

### 3、重启postgresql ###

systemctl restart postgresql-12
    systemctl status postgresql-12

## 三、添加postgis依赖 ##

postgis官网：[PostGIS : Home][PostGIS _ Home]

postgis官方文档：[PostGIS — Documentation][PostGIS _ Documentation]

postgis用户手册：[http://download.osgeo.org/postgis/docs/postgis-3.1.1.pdf][http_download.osgeo.org_postgis_docs_postgis-3.1.1.pdf]

postgis源码编译：[Chapter 2. PostGIS Installation][]

### 1、安装postgis依赖 ###

为CentOS7/RHEL7安装EPEL 仓库（repo）

yum -y install epel-release

yum在线安装postgis

yum -y install postgis31_12.x86_64 postgis31_12-client.x86_64 postgis31_12-devel.x86_64 postgis31_12-docs.x86_64 postgis31_12-gui.x86_64 postgis31_12-utils.x86_64

### 2、pgsql添加postgis拓展 ###

注意：扩展的postgis依赖只对当前数据库有效

-- create database
    CREATE DATABASE testdb;
    -- select database
    \c testdb;

-- Enable PostGIS (as of 3.0 contains just geometry/geography)
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
    -- enable raster support (for 3+)
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster;
    -- Enable Topology
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
    -- Enable PostGIS Advanced 3D
    -- and other geoprocessing algorithms
    -- sfcgal not available with all distributions
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal;
    -- fuzzy matching needed for Tiger
    CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;
    -- rule based standardizer
    CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer;
    -- example rule data set
    CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer_data_us;
    -- Enable US Tiger Geocoder
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

### 3、使用空间函数 ###

-- Create table with spatial column
    CREATE TABLE mytable (
      id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
      geom GEOMETRY(Point, 26910),
      name VARCHAR(128)
    );
     
    -- Add a spatial index
    CREATE INDEX mytable_gix
      ON mytable
      USING GIST (geom);
     
    -- Add a point
    INSERT INTO mytable (geom) VALUES (
      ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)', 26910)
    );
     
    -- Query for nearby points
    SELECT id, name
    FROM mytable
    WHERE ST_DWithin(
      geom,
      ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)', 26910),
      1000
    );

Navicat连接pgsql查看创建的空间函数表

![20210402112357437.png][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

### 4、查看安装版本 ###

SELECT version();
    SELECT PostGIS_full_version();

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

[PostgreSQL_ The world_s most advanced open source database]: https://www.postgresql.org/
[Document Index_ _...]: http://www.postgres.cn/v2/document
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[PostGIS _ Home]: http://www.postgis.org/
[PostGIS _ Documentation]: http://postgis.net/documentation/
[http_download.osgeo.org_postgis_docs_postgis-3.1.1.pdf]: http://download.osgeo.org/postgis/docs/postgis-3.1.1.pdf
[Chapter 2. PostGIS Installation]: http://postgis.net/docs/postgis_installation.html#install_short_version
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[20210402112357437.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210402112357437.png
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