react-hooks知识梳理—4.memo,useMemo,useCallback

迈不过友情╰ 2022-10-31 04:28 7阅读 0赞

### 1.useMemo,useCallBack作用 ###

用来做优化，在类组件中，只要父组件进行一个更新，子组件也会进行一个更新。不管子组件应不应该去更新，所以我们需要优化。优化的办法是shouldUpdate这个钩子，父子组件前后传过来的参数进行优化和判断。

### 2.memo ###

看下面代码，父组件每次更新的时候，子组件都会相应的去更新。

import React, { useState } from 'react';
    
    
    const Child = () => {
      // const date = new Date();
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        <div>i am child</div>
        // <div>当前时间: {date.getHours()}: {date.getMinutes()}: {date.getSeconds()}</div>
      )
    };
    
    const Parent = () => {
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
    
      return (
        <div>
          count: {count}
          <br/>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setCount(count + 1)
          }}>+1</button>
          <Child />
        </div>
      )
    };
    
    function UseRef() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <Parent />
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default UseRef;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

如果不想每次子组件都被迫更新怎么办？

试着给子组件加一个memo，这个memo是判断props如果是相等的，那么就不进行更新。

const Child = memo(() => {
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        <div>i am child</div>
      )
    });

接着再试试看，发现不管点击多少次，只有第一次渲染的时候会打印，后面都不会再打印，以内memo里面没有接收任何props，所以会阻止他进行更新

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

现在举一个有props的例子，看下面

import React, { useState, memo } from 'react';
    
    
    const Child = memo(() => {
      const date = new Date();
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        // <div>i am child</div>
        <div>当前时间: {date.getHours()}: {date.getMinutes()}: {date.getSeconds()}</div>
      )
    });
    
    const Parent = () => {
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
      const [clickTimeCount, setIimeClickCount] = useState(0);
      return (
        <div>
          count: {count}
          <br/>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setCount(count + 1)
          }}>+1</button>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setIimeClickCount(clickTimeCount + 1)
          }}>get current time</button>
          <Child clickTimeCount={clickTimeCount}/>
        </div>
      )
    };
    
    function UseRef() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <Parent />
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default UseRef;

看一下效果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

点+1控制台不会打印，而且当前时间不变

点get current time控制台会打印，当前时间会变

有没有人和我一样的疑问，child并没有接受这个props啊，其实不管你接不接受这个props，只要你有，就够了

### 3.useMemo ###

先看下面的代码

重点将这里修改

import React, { useState, memo } from 'react';
    
    
    const Child = memo((props) => {
      console.log(props);
      const date = new Date();
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        // <div>i am child</div>
        <div>当前时间: {date.getHours()}: {date.getMinutes()}: {date.getSeconds()}</div>
      )
    });
    
    const Parent = () => {
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
      const [clickTimeCount, setIimeClickCount] = useState(0);
      const timeOption = {
        clickTimeCount
      }
      return (
        <div>
          count: {count}
          <br/>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setCount(count + 1)
          }}>+1</button>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setIimeClickCount(clickTimeCount + 1)
          }}>get current time</button>
          <Child clickTimeCount={timeOption}/>
        </div>
      )
    };
    
    function UseRef() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <Parent />
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default UseRef;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

每次点+1的时候都会打印，明明已经加了memo了，只是timeOption变成了对象了，这是为什么呢？

接下来useMemo登场

const timeOption = useMemo( 
        () => {
          return {
            clickTimeCount
          }
        },
        [clickTimeCount]
      )

完成代码

import React, { useState, memo, useMemo } from 'react';
    
    
    const Child = memo((props) => {
      console.log(props);
      const date = new Date();
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        // <div>i am child</div>
        <div>当前时间: {date.getHours()}: {date.getMinutes()}: {date.getSeconds()}</div>
      )
    });
    
    const Parent = () => {
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
      const [clickTimeCount, setIimeClickCount] = useState(0);
      const timeOption = useMemo( 
        () => {
          return {
            clickTimeCount
          }
        },
        [clickTimeCount]
      )
      return (
        <div>
          count: {count}
          <br/>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setCount(count + 1)
          }}>+1</button>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setIimeClickCount(clickTimeCount + 1)
          }}>get current time</button>
          <Child clickTimeCount={timeOption}/>
        </div>
      )
    };
    
    function UseMemo() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <Parent />
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default UseMemo;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

如图，点击+1时间不发生改变，点击get current time时间会发生变化。符合预期

可以看出useMemo的作用，可以正确看出值的更新。缓存一些变量。在不需要变化的时候，去读取缓存。

### 4.useCallback ###

先看一段代码

import React, { useState, memo } from 'react';
    
    
    const Child = memo((props) => {
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        <>
        <input type="text" onChange={props.onChange} />
        </>
      )
    });
    
    const Parent = () => {
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
      const [text, setText] = useState('');
    
      const handleChange = (e) => {
        setText(e.target.value);
      };
    
      return (
        <div>
          count: {count}
          <br/>
          <div>text: {text}</div>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setCount(count + 1)
          }}>+1</button>
          <Child  onChange={handleChange}/>
        </div>
      )
    };
    
    function UseCallback() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <Parent />
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default UseCallback;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

可见每次向输入框输入的时候，子组件都会执行。原因是，每次输入内容，setText就会执行，这样就会导致父组件进行更新，handleChange也被认为是一个新的，所以导致子组件进行了刷新，但是想想，子组件并不需要这种更新。这个时候需要用useCallback

关键代码

const handleChange = useCallback((e) => {
        setText(e.target.value);
      }, []);

全部代码

import React, { useState, memo, useCallback } from 'react';
    
    
    const Child = memo((props) => {
      console.log('i am child');
      return (
        <>
        <input type="text" onChange={props.onChange} />
        </>
      )
    });
    
    const Parent = () => {
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
      const [text, setText] = useState('');
    
      const handleChange = useCallback((e) => {
        setText(e.target.value);
      }, []);
    
      return (
        <div>
          count: {count}
          <br/>
          <div>text: {text}</div>
          <button onClick={()=>{
            setCount(count + 1)
          }}>+1</button>
          <Child  onChange={handleChange}/>
        </div>
      )
    };
    
    function UseCallback() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <Parent />
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default UseCallback;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

这是因为useCallback把函数缓存进来了

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221024/4684f3beeac149218f59a3a1e2ab91bc.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221024/bb85f5064868428eb647bd7517463406.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221024/00b7aeb0e9ce46188d81d2ebcf137992.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20221024/7175aa8ae59c4331a681fc7a547f908c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20221024/83ce0de5c6244ca8a342ceed5415be0e.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20221024/48690fce3b8b453bbdbf586f1a1dddb1.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ppYW9qc3Vu_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20221024/948b68103917402a88bbc4a53021f55c.png