天气信息获取

末蓝、 2022-10-27 12:17 266阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  前言
 *  一、api接口
 *  二、接口调用
 *   *  1.查询省份代码
     *  2.查询城市代码
     *  3.查询城市天气
 *  总结
 *  参考文章

--------------------

# 前言 #

在一些嵌入式设备中，有时候我们需要获取天气信息，但是我们本身没有类似服务，如果直接访问天气网站网页，解析数据会很头疼，因此最好的办法是访问公用的api接口。

--------------------

# 一、api接口 #

我们使用的是中央气象台的api接口：

http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province #省份获取
    http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province/{ 省份代码} #城市获取
    http://www.nmc.cn/rest/weather?stationid={ 城市代码} #城市天气预报获取

# 二、接口调用 #

## 1.查询省份代码 ##

http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province [测试一下][Link 1]

> 因为外链屏蔽，推荐手动复制转到网页

[
        { 
            "code": "ABJ",
            "name": "北京市",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ATJ",
            "name": "天津市",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AHE",
            "name": "河北省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AHE.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ASX",
            "name": "山西省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ASX.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ANM",
            "name": "内蒙古自治区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ANM.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ALN",
            "name": "辽宁省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ALN.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AJL",
            "name": "吉林省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AJL.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AHL",
            "name": "黑龙江省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AHL.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ASH",
            "name": "上海市",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ASH.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AJS",
            "name": "江苏省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AJS.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AZJ",
            "name": "浙江省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AZJ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AAH",
            "name": "安徽省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AAH.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AFJ",
            "name": "福建省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AFJ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AJX",
            "name": "江西省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AJX.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ASD",
            "name": "山东省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ASD.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AHA",
            "name": "河南省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AHA.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AHB",
            "name": "湖北省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AHB.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AHN",
            "name": "湖南省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AHN.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AGD",
            "name": "广东省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AGD.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AGX",
            "name": "广西壮族自治区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AGX.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AHI",
            "name": "海南省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AHI.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ACQ",
            "name": "重庆市",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ACQ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ASC",
            "name": "四川省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ASC.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AGZ",
            "name": "贵州省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AGZ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AYN",
            "name": "云南省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AYN.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AXZ",
            "name": "西藏自治区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AXZ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ASN",
            "name": "陕西省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ASN.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AGS",
            "name": "甘肃省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AGS.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AQH",
            "name": "青海省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AQH.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ANX",
            "name": "宁夏回族自治区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ANX.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AXJ",
            "name": "新疆维吾尔自治区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AXJ.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AXG",
            "name": "香港特别行政区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AXG.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "AAM",
            "name": "澳门特别行政区",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/AAM.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "ATW",
            "name": "台湾省",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ATW.html"
        }
    ]

观察可发现，省份都是A+省份前两字的首字母，除河南（HA）、海南（HI）、陕西（SN）外；因为表格不大，可以直接保存下来，方便直接查询城市信息；

## 2.查询城市代码 ##

以北京为例：  
http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province/ABJ

[
        { 
            "code": "54511",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "北京",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/beijing.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54499",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "昌平",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/changping.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54433",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "朝阳",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/chaoyang.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54594",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "大兴",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/daxing.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54596",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "房山",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/fangshan.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54514",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "丰台",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/fengtai.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54399",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "海淀",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/haidian.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54419",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "怀柔",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/huairou.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54505",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "门头沟",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/mentougou.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54416",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "密云",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/miyun.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54424",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "平谷",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/pinggu.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54513",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "石景山",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/shijingshan.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54398",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "顺义",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/shunyi.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54431",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "通州",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/tongzhou.html"
        },
        { 
            "code": "54406",
            "province": "北京市",
            "city": "延庆",
            "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/yanqing.html"
        }
    ]

城市信息和城市名称就没什么对应关系了，但是对应关系是确定的因此如果可以推荐保存下来所有省份的关系表，方便设备直接查询天气；

## 3.查询城市天气 ##

以朝阳区为例：  
http://www.nmc.cn/rest/weather?stationid=54433

{ 
        "msg": "success",
        "code": 0,
        "data": { 
            "real": { 
                "station": { 
                    "code": "54433",
                    "province": "北京市",
                    "city": "朝阳",
                    "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/chaoyang.html"
                },
                "publish_time": "2021-02-04 10:10",
                "weather": { 
                    "temperature": 2.9,
                    "temperatureDiff": 4.8,
                    "airpressure": 1021.0,
                    "humidity": 24.0,
                    "rain": 0.0,
                    "rcomfort": 40,
                    "icomfort": -2,
                    "info": "晴",
                    "img": "0",
                    "feelst": -1.1
                },
                "wind": { 
                    "direct": "西南风",
                    "power": "微风",
                    "speed": ""
                },
                "warn": { 
                    "alert": "9999",
                    "pic": "9999",
                    "province": "9999",
                    "city": "9999",
                    "url": "9999",
                    "issuecontent": "9999",
                    "fmeans": "9999",
                    "signaltype": "9999",
                    "signallevel": "9999",
                    "pic2": "9999"
                }
            },
            "predict": { 
                "station": { 
                    "code": "54433",
                    "province": "北京市",
                    "city": "朝阳",
                    "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ/chaoyang.html"
                },
                "publish_time": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                "detail": [
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-04",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "7"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西南风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "多云",
                                "img": "1",
                                "temperature": "-4"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西南风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-05",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "13"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西北风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "0"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西北风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-06",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "12"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西北风",
                                "power": "3~4级"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "多云",
                                "img": "1",
                                "temperature": "-2"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "南风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-07",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "5"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "东北风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "多云",
                                "img": "1",
                                "temperature": "-4"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "南风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-08",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "多云",
                                "img": "1",
                                "temperature": "7"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西南风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "-4"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西北风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-09",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "10"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "西南风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "晴",
                                "img": "0",
                                "temperature": "-2"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "东北风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    { 
                        "date": "2021-02-10",
                        "pt": "2021-02-04 08:00",
                        "day": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "多云",
                                "img": "1",
                                "temperature": "8"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "东风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        },
                        "night": { 
                            "weather": { 
                                "info": "多云",
                                "img": "1",
                                "temperature": "0"
                            },
                            "wind": { 
                                "direct": "东北风",
                                "power": "微风"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            "air": "",
            "tempchart": [
                { 
                    "time": "2021/01/28",
                    "max_temp": 0.5,
                    "min_temp": -5.6,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/01/29",
                    "max_temp": 0.8,
                    "min_temp": -9.4,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/01/30",
                    "max_temp": 6.9,
                    "min_temp": -7.5,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/01/31",
                    "max_temp": 0.3,
                    "min_temp": -5.6,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/01",
                    "max_temp": 3.9,
                    "min_temp": -4.1,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/02",
                    "max_temp": 1.8,
                    "min_temp": -7.7,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/03",
                    "max_temp": 6.7,
                    "min_temp": -7.3,
                    "day_img": "9999",
                    "day_text": "9999",
                    "night_img": "9999",
                    "night_text": "9999"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/04",
                    "max_temp": 7.0,
                    "min_temp": -4.0,
                    "day_img": "0",
                    "day_text": "晴",
                    "night_img": "1",
                    "night_text": "多云"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/05",
                    "max_temp": 13.0,
                    "min_temp": 0.0,
                    "day_img": "0",
                    "day_text": "晴",
                    "night_img": "0",
                    "night_text": "晴"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/06",
                    "max_temp": 12.0,
                    "min_temp": -2.0,
                    "day_img": "0",
                    "day_text": "晴",
                    "night_img": "1",
                    "night_text": "多云"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/07",
                    "max_temp": 5.0,
                    "min_temp": -4.0,
                    "day_img": "0",
                    "day_text": "晴",
                    "night_img": "1",
                    "night_text": "多云"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/08",
                    "max_temp": 7.0,
                    "min_temp": -4.0,
                    "day_img": "1",
                    "day_text": "多云",
                    "night_img": "0",
                    "night_text": "晴"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/09",
                    "max_temp": 10.0,
                    "min_temp": -2.0,
                    "day_img": "0",
                    "day_text": "晴",
                    "night_img": "0",
                    "night_text": "晴"
                },
                { 
                    "time": "2021/02/10",
                    "max_temp": 8.0,
                    "min_temp": 0.0,
                    "day_img": "1",
                    "day_text": "多云",
                    "night_img": "1",
                    "night_text": "多云"
                }
            ],
            "passedchart": [
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 2.7,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 24.0,
                    "pressure": 1021.0,
                    "windDirection": 230.0,
                    "windSpeed": 5.6,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 10:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 1.3,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 27.0,
                    "pressure": 1022.0,
                    "windDirection": 258.0,
                    "windSpeed": 3.9,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 09:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": -0.2,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 29.0,
                    "pressure": 1022.0,
                    "windDirection": 264.0,
                    "windSpeed": 1.2,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 08:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 0.8,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 26.0,
                    "pressure": 1022.0,
                    "windDirection": 249.0,
                    "windSpeed": 3.0,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 07:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 1.2,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 25.0,
                    "pressure": 1022.0,
                    "windDirection": 255.0,
                    "windSpeed": 6.5,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 06:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 1.3,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 24.0,
                    "pressure": 1022.0,
                    "windDirection": 241.0,
                    "windSpeed": 5.2,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 05:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 0.8,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 24.0,
                    "pressure": 1022.0,
                    "windDirection": 224.0,
                    "windSpeed": 3.9,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 04:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": 0.8,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 24.0,
                    "pressure": 1023.0,
                    "windDirection": 224.0,
                    "windSpeed": 6.3,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 03:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": -0.1,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 29.0,
                    "pressure": 1023.0,
                    "windDirection": 255.0,
                    "windSpeed": 3.1,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 02:00"
                },
                { 
                    "rain1h": 0.0,
                    "rain24h": 9999.0,
                    "rain12h": 9999.0,
                    "rain6h": 9999.0,
                    "temperature": -3.2,
                    "tempDiff": "",
                    "humidity": 36.0,
                    "pressure": 1023.0,
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                    "windSpeed": 0.6,
                    "time": "2021-02-04 00:00"
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                    "time": "2021-02-03 23:00"
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                }
            ],
            "climate": { 
                "time": "1981年-2010年",
                "month": [
                    { 
                        "month": 1,
                        "maxTemp": 2.0,
                        "minTemp": -8.4,
                        "precipitation": 2.7
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 2,
                        "maxTemp": 5.8,
                        "minTemp": -5.5,
                        "precipitation": 3.8
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 3,
                        "maxTemp": 12.3,
                        "minTemp": 0.4,
                        "precipitation": 9.4
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 4,
                        "maxTemp": 20.7,
                        "minTemp": 7.7,
                        "precipitation": 22.9
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 5,
                        "maxTemp": 26.6,
                        "minTemp": 13.6,
                        "precipitation": 36.8
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 6,
                        "maxTemp": 30.3,
                        "minTemp": 18.6,
                        "precipitation": 76.1
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 7,
                        "maxTemp": 31.1,
                        "minTemp": 21.8,
                        "precipitation": 164.6
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 8,
                        "maxTemp": 30.0,
                        "minTemp": 20.7,
                        "precipitation": 156.9
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 9,
                        "maxTemp": 26.1,
                        "minTemp": 14.8,
                        "precipitation": 50.5
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 10,
                        "maxTemp": 19.4,
                        "minTemp": 7.3,
                        "precipitation": 24.4
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 11,
                        "maxTemp": 10.3,
                        "minTemp": -0.7,
                        "precipitation": 9.4
                    },
                    { 
                        "month": 12,
                        "maxTemp": 3.8,
                        "minTemp": -6.0,
                        "precipitation": 1.7
                    }
                ]
            },
            "radar": { 
                "title": "华北",
                "image": "/product/2021/02/04/RDCP/SEVP_AOC_RDCP_SLDAS_EBREF_ANCN_L88_PI_20210204022400001.PNG?v=1612406126602",
                "url": "/publish/radar/huabei.html"
            }
        }
    }

关于数据的含义，推荐对照root->data->real->station->url网页信息，其中9999.0表示要素缺测，要素如果无观测为9998。  
![朝阳天气][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ0MzYyNDM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

//TODO C代码获取数据的解析示例

# 总结 #

获取天气信息有很多公用接口，上面的内容只是以中央气象台接口作为示例，不同的接口根据接口情况自己解析即可。

# 参考文章 #

1.  [气象科学数据中心][Link 2] 信息更全面，而且还有各种历史信息，不过接口限制次数；
2.  [从天气预报网页API获取天气预报数据][API]
3.  [开源天气预报api整理][api]

[Link 1]: http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ0MzYyNDM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221024/652ee0c8c8264f84b6805d40cceb4456.png
[Link 2]: http://data.cma.cn/site/apidoc.html#jkjj
[API]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44713454/article/details/107600581
[api]: https://www.cnblogs.com/popqq520/p/9289331.html